The Skills Gap Lord Baker of Dorking C.H.. The economy is changing.
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Transcript of The Skills Gap Lord Baker of Dorking C.H.. The economy is changing.
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The Skills Gap
Lord Baker of Dorking C.H.
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The economy is changing
Science
, engin
eering a
nd tech
nolog...
Science
, engin
eering a
nd tech
nology t..
.
Skille
d agricu
lture
L3
Skille
d metal, e
lectrica
l, electr
o...
Skille
d constr
uction L3
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
200
250Net growth in job numbers, 2010-20 (thousands)
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An even bigger story: the baby boomers are retiring
SET pro
fessionals
SET te
chnici
ans (Le
vel 4
)
Agricu
lture
(Leve
l 3)
Metal/e
lectrica
l (L 3)
Constructi
on (L 3)
-200
0
200
400
600
800
1000
Replacement demandNet growth
(Thousands)
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Huge numbers of people will be needed by 2020
• Between 2012 and 2020, we need ––830,000 SET professionals (degree level)–450,000 SET technicians (levels 3 and 4)
• SET = science, engineering and technology• Figures include growth + replacement demand (mainly to
replace baby boomers planning to retire)
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But supply won’t meet demand
• Demand for science, engineering and technology graduates: 104,000 per year between 2012 and 2020
• Number of new graduates taking UK jobs in SET occupations: 64,000 per year
• Shortfall: 40,000 graduates per year
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Education is out of step with the economy.
Schools, further education colleges, training providers and universities are failing to deliver the skills we need today, let alone tomorrow.
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Higher education has grown rapidly – but not in all subjects
Computer science
Engineering/technology
Physical sciences
Creative arts/design
Business/admin
Humanities
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
% Increase in first degrees 2002-12
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Many graduates are under-employed
Creative arts & design
Law Engineering & technology
Subjects allied to medecine
05
10152025303540
% in non-graduate jobs in December 2011, 30 months after graduating
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Apprenticeships have grown – but the numbers are unbalanced
Number of 16-24s starting
apprenticeships in 2011/12
% change since 2010/11
Business, admin and the law 80,320 14.5%
Retail and commercial enterprise 63,670 7.6%
Health, public services and care 49,910 10.5%
Engineering and manufacturing 38,100 6.8%
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Britain’s plight
Only 4% of 15 year olds in the UK want careers in engineering and computing ...
… placing the UK 35th out of 37 countries in an OECD survey.
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Other countries value vocational education more highly …
Hungary UK Denmark Germany Netherlands Austria0
102030405060708090
% young people on vocational courses
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…and have lower youth unemployment
Hungary UK Denmark Germany Netherlands Austria0
5
10
15
20
25
30
% of under 25s who are unemployed
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The connection is obvious
Hungary UK
Denmark
German
y
Netherla
nds
Austria
0
20
40
60
80
% young people on vocational courses% youth un-employment
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UK and AustriaUK Austria
Participation in vocational upper secondary education, 2010
32.1% 76.5%
Under 25s unemployment rate, 2010
19.6% 8.8%
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We are wrong to delay technical education
• In Austria, technical education starts at 14.• In England, most technical education starts at
16 – two years behind.
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Too many young people start – rather than finish – level 2 at 16
Level 20
20,00040,00060,00080,000
100,000120,000140,000160,000180,000200,000
Number of QCF Level 2 qualifications achieved by 17 and 18 year olds, 2011-12
Age 17Age 18
QCF: Qualifications and Curriculum Framework
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The time has come to rethink 14-18 education
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What is a UTC?• Independent state school• 14-18 age range• All-ability intake• Sub-regional• Commitment of a local university• Employers involved from the start in shaping
and delivering the curriculum
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Curriculum14 - 16
60%General & bridging
40%Technical
Post-16
40%General & bridging 60%
Technical
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Key characteristics of UTCs• Technical and academic education are integrated• Practical work is as highly valued as academic work• Longer days (8-30 to 5) and school years (36-40
weeks)• Enrichment for all• Curriculum projects devised by employers and
universities• Progression routes include HE, FE, Apprenticeships
and employment
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What’s more …
• Every student who left the JCB Academy last summer had somewhere to go –– Apprenticeships– Further education– University– Work
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Four types of 14-18 college:–UTCs– Liberal arts colleges–Career colleges–Performing arts and
sports colleges
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Thank you