The Skeletal System - sommascience.weebly.com€¦ · Your skeletal system gives shape and form to...
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The Skeletal System Name: _________________________________________ Class:__________ Date: ____________ Vocabulary Term Definition bone marrow Soft connective tissue in spongy bone; makes blood cells. cartilage Dense connective tissue that provides a smooth surface for the movement of bones at joints. compact bone Dense outer layer of bone that is very hard and strong. growth plate Area of growing tissue near the ends of the long bones in children and adolescents. ligament Band of fibrous connective tissue that holds bones together. periosteum Tough, fibrous membrane that covers the outer surface of bone. skeletal system All the body's bones, cartilage, and ligaments. spongy bone Light, porous inner layer of bone that contains bone marrow. Are bones alive? From seeing a skeleton, you might think that bones are just dead, hollow structures. But in a living person, those hollow spaces are full of living cells. Bones have a blood supply and nerves. Bones are a living tissue. Your Skeleton How important is your skeleton? Can you imagine your body without it? You would be a wobbly pile of muscle and internal organs, and you would not be able to move. The adult human skeleton has 206 bones, some of which are named below (Figure below). Bones are made up of living tissue. They contain many different types of tissues. Cartilage, a dense connective tissue, is found at the end of bones and is made of tough protein fibers. Cartilage creates smooth surfaces for the movement of bones that are next to each other, like the bones of the knee. Ligaments are made of tough protein fibers and connect bones to each other. Your bones, cartilage, and ligaments make up your skeletal system. The skeletal system is made up of bones, cartilage, and ligaments. The skeletal system has many important functions in your body. What bones protect the heart and lungs? What protects the brain?
Transcript of The Skeletal System - sommascience.weebly.com€¦ · Your skeletal system gives shape and form to...
The Skeletal System Name:_________________________________________Class:__________Date:____________
Vocabulary
Term Definition
bone marrow Softconnectivetissueinspongybone;makesbloodcells.cartilage Denseconnectivetissuethatprovidesasmoothsurfaceforthemovementofbonesat
joints.compact bone Denseouterlayerofbonethatisveryhardandstrong.growth plate Areaofgrowingtissueneartheendsofthelongbonesinchildrenandadolescents.ligament Bandoffibrousconnectivetissuethatholdsbonestogether.periosteum Tough,fibrousmembranethatcoverstheoutersurfaceofbone.skeletal system
Allthebody'sbones,cartilage,andligaments.
spongy bone Light,porousinnerlayerofbonethatcontainsbonemarrow.
Are bones alive? Fromseeingaskeleton,youmightthinkthatbonesarejustdead,hollowstructures.Butinalivingperson,thosehollowspacesarefulloflivingcells.Boneshaveabloodsupplyandnerves.Bonesarealivingtissue.
Your Skeleton Howimportantisyourskeleton?Canyouimagineyourbodywithoutit?Youwouldbeawobblypileofmuscleandinternalorgans,andyouwouldnotbeabletomove.Theadulthumanskeletonhas206bones,someofwhicharenamedbelow(Figurebelow).Bonesaremadeupoflivingtissue.Theycontainmanydifferenttypesoftissues.Cartilage,adenseconnectivetissue,isfoundattheendofbonesandismadeoftoughproteinfibers.Cartilagecreatessmoothsurfacesforthemovementofbonesthatarenexttoeachother,likethebonesoftheknee.Ligamentsaremadeoftoughproteinfibersandconnectbonestoeachother.Yourbones,cartilage,andligamentsmakeupyourskeletalsystem.Theskeletalsystemismadeupofbones,cartilage,andligaments.Theskeletalsystemhasmanyimportantfunctionsinyourbody.Whatbonesprotecttheheartandlungs?Whatprotectsthebrain?
Functions of Bones Yourskeletalsystemgivesshapeandformtoyourbody,butitalsoplaysotherimportantroles.Themainfunctionsoftheskeletalsysteminclude:Support.Theskeletonsupportsthebodyagainstthepullofgravity,meaningyoudon'tfalloverwhenyoustandup.Thelargebonesofthelowerlimbssupporttherestofthebodywhenstanding.Protection.Theskeletonsupportsandprotectsthesoftorgansofthebody.Forexample,theskullsurroundsthebraintoprotectitfrominjury.Thebonesoftheribcagehelpprotecttheheartandlungs.Movement.Bonesworktogetherwithmusclestomovethebody.Makingbloodcells.Bloodcellsaremostlymadeinsidecertaintypesofbones.Storage.Bonesstorecalcium.Theycontainmorecalciumthananyotherorgan.Calciumisreleasedbytheboneswhenbloodlevelsofcalciumdroptoolow.Themineral,phosphorusisalsostoredinbones.Structure of Bones
Bonescomeinmanydifferentshapesandsizes,buttheyareallmadeofthesamematerials.Bonesareorgans,andrecallthatorgansaremadeupoftwoormoretypesoftissues.Thetwomaintypesofbonetissuearecompactboneandspongybone.1.Compactbonemakesupthedenseouterlayerofbones.2.Spongyboneisfoundatthecenteroftheboneandislighterandmoreporousthancompactbone.Boneslooktough,shiny,andwhitebecausetheyarecoveredbyalayercalledtheperiosteum.Manybonesalsocontainasoftconnectivetissuecalledbonemarrowintheporesofthespongybone.Bonemarrowiswherebloodcellsaremade.
Bone Growth Earlyinhumandevelopment,theskeletonconsistsofonlycartilageandotherconnectivetissues.Atthispoint,theskeletonisveryflexible.Asthefetusdevelops,hardbonebeginstoreplacethecartilage,andtheskeletonbeginstoharden.Notallofthecartilage,however,isreplacedbybone.Cartilageremainsinmanyplacesinyourbody,includingyourjoints,yourribcage,yourears,andthetipofyournose.Ababyisbornwithzonesofcartilageinitsbonesthatallowgrowthofthebones.Theseareas,calledgrowthplates,allowthebonestogrowlongerasthechildgrows.Bythetimethechildreachesanageofabout18to25years,allofthecartilageinthegrowthplatehasbeenreplacedbybone.Thisstopsthebonefromgrowinganylonger.Eventhoughbonesstopgrowinginlengthinearlyadulthood,theycancontinuetoincreaseinthicknessthroughoutlife.Thisthickeningoccursinresponsetostrainfromincreasedmuscleactivityandfromweight-liftingexercises.Review
1. Arebonesalivingorgan?2. Whatarethethreecomponentsoftheskeletalsystem?3. Listfourfunctionsoftheskeletalsystem.4. Nameanddescribethetwotypesoftissuethatmakeupabone.
