The Skeletal System. The Construction of the Skeletal System How is your skeletal system built? What...
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Transcript of The Skeletal System. The Construction of the Skeletal System How is your skeletal system built? What...
The Skeletal System
The Construction of the Skeletal System
How is your skeletal system built? What is it designed to do?
Just like a house, the human body…
~has framework that is strong, sturdy, and connected
~protects what is inside
~stores material
• Do we have more bones when we are a baby or when we are all grown up?Baby has 305 bones and an adult has 206 bones. This is because as we grown some of our bones join together to form one bone.
• The longest bone in our bodies is the femur (thigh bone).
• The smallest bone is the stirrup bone inside the ear.
• Each hand has 26 bones in it.
• Our nose and ears are not made of bone; they are made of cartilage, a flexible substance that is not as hard as bone.
Differences between males and females: Males and females have slightly different skeletons, including a different elbow angle. Males have slightly thicker and longer legs and arms; females have a wider pelvis and a larger space within the pelvis, through which babies travel when they are born.
Interesting Facts about the Skeletal System
Your skeleton is alive; and contains major organs like bones, cartilage, and special structures that connect them.
1. Cartilage- most bones start off as this soft flexible tissue and later turn to bone.
2. The place where two bones connect is called a joint.
3. Joints are kept together with strong elastic bands of connective tissue called ligaments.
Cartilage
Joint
Skull
Sternum
Ribs
Vertebral column
Metatarsals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
Clavicle
Scapula
Humerus
RadiusPelvisUlnaCarpals
Femur
Patella
Fibula
TibiaTarsals
Phalanges
The Skeletal System
Section 36-1
Axial Skeleton
Appendicular Skeleton
Major Functions
1. Protection of vital organs
a.The ribs shield important organs such as your heart and lungs.
Major Functions
b.Your spinal cord is protected by the vertebrae
c.The skull protects the brain
AS YOU CAN SEE… OTHER
SYSTEMS RELY ON THE PROTECTION OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM.
Allows forgrowth
2. Storage of minerals like calcium and phosphorous that help other body systems function properly and storage of fats for energy
•
3. Movement – bones work with muscles to produce movement
Movement
• Skeletal musclesSkeletal muscles pull on the bones to produce movement.– Tendons connect bone to muscle
4. Blood Cell Formation
–Red marrow found in spongy bone produces red blood cells.
Bones are composed of 3 types of tissues
1. compact bone – no open spaces
2. spongy bone – open spaces
3. marrow – 2 types; red and yellow
i. red – produces red
blood cells
ii. yellow – stores fat
3 Types of Joints1. Gliding joints allow
bones to glide over one another.
2. Ball-and-socket joints Allow bones to rotate
and move freely in all directions.
3. Hinge joints acts like a hinge of a door and allows movement in one direction
Bones in the hands
Hip or shoulder
The elbow
Ball & Socket
Ball & Socket
Hinge
Ball & Socket
Hinge Gliding
Conditions of the Skeletal System
Osteoporosis
Bones become fragile and more likely to break
Osteoarthritis
Joint disorder where the cartilage is wearing away
Conditions of the Skeletal System
Scoliosis
Abnormal curvature of the spine
Fractures
A break in the continuity of the bone
Open Fracture
a fracture that protrudes to the exterior of the body.
Closed Fracture
A Fracture that does not break the skin
Greenstick Fracture
Only one side of the bone is broken, mostly seen in children
Transverse Fracture
Break at a right angle and caused by direct traumatic injury
Spiral Fracture
Bone broke because of a twisting type motion.
Oblique Fracture
Rarest form of fractures, the break is at an angle.
Assessment Techniques
1. X-rays – radiation absorbed by the body to make an image
2. Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy – bone marrow is removed from the body and viewed under a microscope to detect cancer.
CAT scan (Computed axial tomography) – X-ray images taken in “slices” to produce 3-d images
MRI (Magnetic resonance imaging) - uses a magnetic field and pulses of radio wave energy to make pictures of organs and other soft tissues
The Muscular System
Did you know that ?
- more than 50% of body weight is muscle !
- And muscle is made up of proteins and water
Info About Muscles
• Only body tissue able to contract
• create movement by flexing and extending joints
• Body energy converters (many muscle cells contain many mitochondria)
Major Organs of the Muscular System
1. Gluteus Maximus – largest muscle in the body
2. Bicep/Tricep – move arm
The Function of the Muscular System
Muscles work together with bones to provide the body with movement.
B. Three Types of muscle
1. Skeletal muscle- Voluntary - enables bones to move
2. Smooth muscle- Involuntary - moves food through the digestive tract and controls blood flow.
3. Cardiac muscle- Involuntary - Found only in the heart
How the Muscles Work
• Skeletal muscles pull on the bones to produce movement.– Tendons connect bone to muscle
Muscle
Tendon
Femur
Patella
Bursa
Ligament
Synovial fluid
Cartilage
Fat
Fibula
Tibia
Figure 36-5 Knee Joint
Section 36-1
How the Muscles Work
Muscles work in pairs
1. When a muscle bends a part of your body it is called a flexor.
2. When a muscle straightens a part of your body it is called a extensor.
Movement Movement
Biceps (relaxed)
Triceps (contracted)
Biceps (contracted)
Triceps (relaxed)
Figure 36-11 Opposing Muscle Pairs
Section 36-2
Conditions of the Muscular System
Muscular Dystrophy
Inherited Disorder that causes damage to muscle fibers
Cerebral Palsy
Disorder in which damage to the brain results in loss of muscle control
Marfan Syndrome
Disease of the connective Tissue– Curvature of the spine
(Scoliosis)– Bulging aorta– Sunken chest– Flexible joints– Longer bones in hands and
feet– Flat and crowded teeth
Marfan is a Dominant Trait
Mm mm