The Skeletal System

The Skeletal System

Support SystemsUnit 2

Support SystemsUnit 2

The Basic Functions of the Skeletal System

The Basic Functions of the Skeletal System

• Hematopoiesis• Structure• Support• Muscle Attachment and

Movement• Mineral Storage

• Hematopoiesis• Structure• Support• Muscle Attachment and

Movement• Mineral Storage

Axial vs. AppendicularAxial vs. Appendicular

• The Axial Skeleton– Contains the bones that are

along the long axis of the body, or the bones of the head and trunk

• The Appendicular Skeleton– Contains the bones of the

extremities (or appendages) – Includes the pectoral girdles,

pelvic girdles, and the bones of the arms and legs

• The Axial Skeleton– Contains the bones that are

along the long axis of the body, or the bones of the head and trunk

• The Appendicular Skeleton– Contains the bones of the

extremities (or appendages) – Includes the pectoral girdles,

pelvic girdles, and the bones of the arms and legs

Bones of the CraniumBones of the Cranium

• Frontal• Parietal• Occipital• Temporal• Maxillae• Mandible

• Frontal• Parietal• Occipital• Temporal• Maxillae• Mandible

Frontal BoneFrontal Bone

• Forms the forehead• Forms the roof of the eye

sockets

• Forms the forehead• Forms the roof of the eye

sockets

Parietal BonesParietal Bones

• Consists of two bones• Forms the sides and roof of

the cranial cavity

• Consists of two bones• Forms the sides and roof of

the cranial cavity

Temporal BonesTemporal Bones

• Consists of two bones• Forms the lower sides of

the cranium and part of the cranial floor

• Consists of two bones• Forms the lower sides of

the cranium and part of the cranial floor

Occipital BoneOccipital Bone

• The base of the cranial cavity

• Prominent posterior portion

• The base of the cranial cavity

• Prominent posterior portion

MaxillaeMaxillae

• The upper jaw• The upper jaw

MandibleMandible

• Lower jaw bone• Lower jaw bone

The Vertebral ColumnThe Vertebral Column

• Composed of 33 bones• Encloses and protects the

spinal cord• Supports the head

• Composed of 33 bones• Encloses and protects the

spinal cord• Supports the head

Bones of the Vertebral ColumnBones of the Vertebral Column

• Cervical Vertebrae—7 bones located in the neck

• Thoracic Vertebrae—12 bones connected to the ribs

• Lumbar Vertebrae—5 bones in the lower back

• Sacral Vertebrae—5 pelvic bones

• Coccygeal Vertebrae—4 tailbones

• Cervical Vertebrae—7 bones located in the neck

• Thoracic Vertebrae—12 bones connected to the ribs

• Lumbar Vertebrae—5 bones in the lower back

• Sacral Vertebrae—5 pelvic bones

• Coccygeal Vertebrae—4 tailbones

Vertebral Curvatures Vertebral Curvatures

Bones of the Thoracic CavityBones of the Thoracic Cavity

• Sternum• Xiphoid Process• Ribs

• Sternum• Xiphoid Process• Ribs

Bones of the Upper ExtremitiesBones of the Upper Extremities

• Humerus• Radius• Ulna• Carpals• Metacarpals• Phalanges

• Humerus• Radius• Ulna• Carpals• Metacarpals• Phalanges

Bones of the PelvisBones of the Pelvis

• Ilium• Ischium• Pubis

• Together these three bones are fused and are called the os coxae

• The fused os coxae articulate with the sacrum

• Ilium• Ischium• Pubis

• Together these three bones are fused and are called the os coxae

• The fused os coxae articulate with the sacrum

Bones of the Lower ExtremitiesBones of the Lower Extremities

• Femur• Patella• Tibia• Fibula• Tarsals• Metatarsals• Phalanges

• Femur• Patella• Tibia• Fibula• Tarsals• Metatarsals• Phalanges

JointsJoints

• Where two bones articulate• The points of contact

between bones– Hinge Joints– Gliding Joints– Ball and Socket Joints

• Where two bones articulate• The points of contact

between bones– Hinge Joints– Gliding Joints– Ball and Socket Joints

Hinge JointsHinge Joints

• Allows for extension and flexion

• Allows for extension and flexion

Gliding JointsGliding Joints

• Bones slide past each other• Bones slide past each other

Ball and Socket JointsBall and Socket Joints

• Allows for rotational movement in almost any direction

• Allows for rotational movement in almost any direction

Disease and DisordersDisease and Disorders

• Fractures• Scoliosis• Kyphosis• Lordosis• Osteoarthritis

• Fractures• Scoliosis• Kyphosis• Lordosis• Osteoarthritis

FracturesFractures

• Types of fractures – Closed or simple fracture

• The bone is broken and the skin is intact

– Open or compound fracture• The bone is broken and the skin

is cut by the bone

• Types of fractures – Closed or simple fracture

• The bone is broken and the skin is intact

– Open or compound fracture• The bone is broken and the skin

is cut by the bone

ScoliosisScoliosis

• Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

• Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

Kyphosis and LordosisKyphosis and Lordosis

• Kyphosis- abnormally enlarged thoracic curve (humpback)

• Lordosis- abnormally enlarged lumbar curve (swayback)

• Kyphosis- abnormally enlarged thoracic curve (humpback)

• Lordosis- abnormally enlarged lumbar curve (swayback)

OsteoarthritisOsteoarthritis

• Arthritis that is caused by the breakdown and loss of cartilage in the joints

• Arthritis that is caused by the breakdown and loss of cartilage in the joints

CareersCareers

• Radiologist• Radiology Technician• Chiropractor• Physical Therapist• Physical Therapy Assistant• Physical Therapy Aide

• Radiologist• Radiology Technician• Chiropractor• Physical Therapist• Physical Therapy Assistant• Physical Therapy Aide

RadiologistRadiologist

• Medical doctors who have specialized in radiology during their internship and residency.

• College (4 years), Med school (3 or 4 years), and then internship/residency (3 - 5 years). So that's 10 to 13 years after high school

• Directs medical imaging technologist to diagnose and treat diseases and disorders

• Reads x-rays, MRI, CT scans• Average : $300, 000• Radiologist video

• Medical doctors who have specialized in radiology during their internship and residency.

• College (4 years), Med school (3 or 4 years), and then internship/residency (3 - 5 years). So that's 10 to 13 years after high school

• Directs medical imaging technologist to diagnose and treat diseases and disorders

• Reads x-rays, MRI, CT scans• Average : $300, 000• Radiologist video

Radiology TechnicianRadiology Technician

• Specialize in diagnostic imaging– Take x-rays, MRI, CT, Nuclear

Medicine and Ultrasonography• Associate degree for x-ray

certification• Bachelors degree for further

specialization– MRI, CT, Nuclear Med and

Ultrasound• Average salary: $30-35,000• A Day in the Life - Radiological

Technician - YouTube

• Specialize in diagnostic imaging– Take x-rays, MRI, CT, Nuclear

Medicine and Ultrasonography• Associate degree for x-ray

certification• Bachelors degree for further

specialization– MRI, CT, Nuclear Med and

Ultrasound• Average salary: $30-35,000• A Day in the Life - Radiological

Technician - YouTube

Chiropractor Chiropractor

• Diagnoses and treats mechanical disorders of the spine and musculoskeletal system

• Provide natural, drug less, non surgical treatments like adjustments and joint alignments

• Earn Doctorate of Chiropractic = 8 years

• Average Salary- $65,000-100,000

• youniversity chiropractor

• Diagnoses and treats mechanical disorders of the spine and musculoskeletal system

• Provide natural, drug less, non surgical treatments like adjustments and joint alignments

• Earn Doctorate of Chiropractic = 8 years

• Average Salary- $65,000-100,000

• youniversity chiropractor

Physical TherapistPhysical Therapist

• Help restore function, improve mobility, relieve pain and prevent or limit permanent physical disabilities of patients suffering from injuries or diseases

• Masters degree (6years)• Salary : $60- 85,000• Physical Therapy (long but good)

• Help restore function, improve mobility, relieve pain and prevent or limit permanent physical disabilities of patients suffering from injuries or diseases

• Masters degree (6years)• Salary : $60- 85,000• Physical Therapy (long but good)

Physical Therapy AssistantPhysical Therapy Assistant

• Works under direction and supervision of a physical therapist

• Perform exercises, massages, electric stimulation, hot and cold packs, traction and ultrasound to patients

• Complete Physical Therapy Assistant Program= 2 years- Associates degree

• Salary- $35-55,000

• Works under direction and supervision of a physical therapist

• Perform exercises, massages, electric stimulation, hot and cold packs, traction and ultrasound to patients

• Complete Physical Therapy Assistant Program= 2 years- Associates degree

• Salary- $35-55,000

Physical Therapy AidePhysical Therapy Aide

• Under close supervision of a physical therapist or physical therapy assistant

• Perform only delegated, selected, or routine tasks in specific situations. These duties include preparing the patient and the treatment area.

• On the job training• Salary- $8-15 per hour

• Under close supervision of a physical therapist or physical therapy assistant

• Perform only delegated, selected, or routine tasks in specific situations. These duties include preparing the patient and the treatment area.

• On the job training• Salary- $8-15 per hour

Vocabulary- Word PartsVocabulary- Word Parts

• Cost/o- rib• Chondr/o- cartilage• Crani/o- skull or cranium• Thorac/o- chest or chest wall• Hemat/o- blood• Cephal/o- cranial or head• Cervic/o- neck, neck of an

organ• Arthr/o- joint• Oste/o- bone

• Vertebr/o-vertebra

• Cost/o- rib• Chondr/o- cartilage• Crani/o- skull or cranium• Thorac/o- chest or chest wall• Hemat/o- blood• Cephal/o- cranial or head• Cervic/o- neck, neck of an

organ• Arthr/o- joint• Oste/o- bone

• Vertebr/o-vertebra

Vocabulary- word partsVocabulary- word parts

• Inter- between

– intercostal (between the ribs)

• Sub- under, beneath, less than– Sublingual (under the tongue)

• -poiesis formation or production of– Hematopoiesis (production of blood)

• -malacia softening of tissue– Osteomalacic (softening of bone)

• -al relating to– Vertebral (relating to the vertebrae)

• Inter- between

– intercostal (between the ribs)

• Sub- under, beneath, less than– Sublingual (under the tongue)

• -poiesis formation or production of– Hematopoiesis (production of blood)

• -malacia softening of tissue– Osteomalacic (softening of bone)

• -al relating to– Vertebral (relating to the vertebrae)

Vocabulary- word partsVocabulary- word parts

• -genesis generation, reproduction

– Osteogenesis (generation of bone cells)

• -tomy cutting into, incision

– Craniotomy (cutting into the skull)

• -ectomy excision, removal of– Appendectomy (removal of the

appendix)

• -ic characteristic of, relating to– Thoracic (relating to the chest)

• -genesis generation, reproduction

– Osteogenesis (generation of bone cells)

• -tomy cutting into, incision

– Craniotomy (cutting into the skull)

• -ectomy excision, removal of– Appendectomy (removal of the

appendix)

• -ic characteristic of, relating to– Thoracic (relating to the chest)

VocabularyVocabulary

• Thoracic pertaining to the chest or thorax

• Cranium the portion of the skull that encloses the brain

• Extremities the arms and legs

• X-ray type of diagnostic imaging

• Hematopoieses production of blood cells

• Vertebrae any of the 33 bones of the spinal column

• Thoracic pertaining to the chest or thorax

• Cranium the portion of the skull that encloses the brain

• Extremities the arms and legs

• X-ray type of diagnostic imaging

• Hematopoieses production of blood cells

• Vertebrae any of the 33 bones of the spinal column