The Simple Past - rafamoreno.comrafamoreno.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Simple_Pa… ·...

© Rafael Moreno Esteban 2008

The Simple Past

The –ed ending: pronunciation and spelling

Irregular verbs


Simple past: regular verbs

Use:

Use the Simple Past to express the idea that an action started and finished at a specific time in the past. Sometimes, the speaker may not actually mention the specific time, but they do have one specific time in mind. The Simple Past can also be used to describe a habit which stopped in the past.

Form:

We add the suffix –ed in + sentences.

Example: She played the violin very well last night.

We use DID or DIDN’T in ? and – sentences

Example: Did you call me yesterday? I didn’t have my mobile on.

When answering: Yes, I did. No, I didn’t.

In the simple past, the verb does not change for the different subject pronouns.


POSITIVE

I played

You played

He played

We played

You played

They played

NEGATIVE

I did not play

You did not play

He did not play

We did not play

You did not play

They did not play

QUESTION

Did I play?

Did you play?

Did he play?

Did we play?

Did you play?

Did they play?

NEGATIVE QUESTION

Didn't I play?

Didn't you play?

Didn't he play?

Didn't we play?

Didn't you play?

Didn't they play?


The verb to be

POSITIVE

I was

You were

He was

We were

You were

They were

NEGATIVE

I was not / wasn't

You were not / weren't

He was not / wasn't

We were not / weren't

You were not / weren't

They were not / weren't

QUESTION

Was I?

Were you?

Was he?

Were we?

Were you?

Were they?

NEGATIVE QUESTION

Wasn't I?

Weren't you?

Wasn't he?

Weren't we?

Weren't you?

Weren't they?


Spelling of the ending -ed

Verbs ending in consonant + y drop the y and add –ied

E.g. cry → cried

Verbs ending in one –e simply add –d

E.g. move → moved

One syllable verbs ending in one vowel + one consonant double the final consonant

E.g. stop → stopped

Except: verbs ending in -y,-w,-x

E.g. snow → snowed, play → played, fix → fixed

Verbs of two or more syllables ending in one vowel+ one consonant also double the final consonant if the stress is on the last syllable.

E.g. prefer → preferred

Except: travel → travelled, cancel → cancelled (UK English only)


Time expressions

Frequency adverbs

Yesterday, the day before yesterday…

Last night, last week, last month, last year…

The last time you called

Two days ago, a week ago, 5 years ago…

In 1999, in October, in the summer…

At 7 o'clock, at midnight, in the evening…

For a while, for some time, for a month…

Lately, recently


Pronunciation of the –ed ending

If the verb ends in the sound /t/ or /d/ we pronounce the ending /id/

E.g. fade → faded

If the verb ends in a voiceless consonant other than /t/ we pronounce the ending /t/

E.g. laugh → laughed

If the verb ends in a voiced consonant other than /d/ or vowel sound we pronounce the ending /d/

E.g. beg → begged, pray → prayed

Voiceless consonants: /p/, /s/, /k/, /f/, /t∫/, /∫/, /θ/

Voiced consonants: /b/, /g/, /v/, /z/, //, //, /d /, /l/, /r/, /m/, /n/, //


Exercise: write the past tense of the following verbs and put them in the correct column.

Visited

Needed

Discovered

Destroyed

Survived

Travelled

Worried

Changed

Laughed

Crashed

Jumped

Introduced

/d/ /t/ /id/

discover – laugh – destroy – survive – crash – jump

visit – change – travel – introduce – need - worry


Irregular verbs: All 3 forms are similar Base Form Past Simple Form

Past Participle

Form

Phonetic

Symbols

bet bet bet bet

bid bid bid bd

broadcast broadcast broadcast brdkst

burst burst burst b:st

cost cost cost kst

cut cut cut kt

hit hit hit ht

hurt hurt hurt h:t

let let let let

put put put pt

quit quit quit kwt

set set set set

shut shut shut t

split split split splt

spread spread spread spred


Past Simple and Past Participle are

the same

Base Form Past Simple

Form

Past

Participle

Form

bend bend bent bent bent

bring br brought brought brt

build bld built built blt

buy ba bought bought bt

catch kt caught caught kt

creep krip crept crept krept

deal dl dealt dealt delt


dig dg dug dug dg

feed fi:d fed fed fed

feel fi:l felt felt felt

fight fat fought fought ft

find fand found found fand

flee fli: fled fled fled

get get got got (gotten) gt

hang h hung hung h

have hv had had hd

hear h heard heard hd

hold hld held held held


keep ki:p kept kept kept

kneel ni:l knelt knelt nelt

lay le laid laid led

lead li:d led led led

leave li:v left left left

lend lent lent lent lent

light lat lit lit lit

lose lu:z lost lost lst

make mek made made med

mean mi:n meant meant ment

meet mi:t met met met


pay pe paid paid ped

read ri:d read read red

say se said said sed

seek si:k sought sought st

sell sel sold sold sld

send send sent sent sent

shine an shone shone n

shoot u:n shot shot t

sit st sat sat st

sleep sli:p slept slept slept

slide slad slid slid sld

spend spend spent spent spent


spit spt spat spat spt

stand stnd stood stood std

stick stk stuck stuck stk

sting st stung stung st

strike strak struck struck strk

sweep swi:p swept swept swept

swing sw swung swung sw

teach ti:t taught taught tt

tell tel told told tld

think k thought thought t

understand ndstnd understood understood ndstd

weep wi:p wept wept wept

win wn won won wn


Base Form and Past Simple are the same

Base Form and Past Simple are the same

beat bi:t beat bi:t beaten bi:tn

become bi:km became bi:kem become bi:km

come km came kem come km

run rn ran rn run rn


All forms are different

arise raiz arose r z arisen rzn

awake wek awoke wk awoken w kn

be bi: was/were wz/w: been bi:n

begin bgn began bgn begun bgn

bite bat bit bt bitten btn

blow bl blew blu: blown bln

break brek broke brk broken brkn

choose tuz chose tz chosen tzn

do du did dd done dn

draw dr drew dru drawn drn

drink drnk drank drnk drunk drnk

drive drav drove drv driven drvn


eat i:t ate et eaten i:tn

fall f fell fel fallen fln

fly fla flew flu: flown fln

forbid fbd forbade fbed forbidden fbdn

forget fget forgot fgt forgotten fgtn

forgive fgv forgave fgev forgiven fgvn

freeze fri:z froze frz frozen frzn

give gv gave gev given gvn

go g went went gone gn

grow gr grew gru: grown grn

hide had hid hid hidden hidn


know n knew nju: known nn

lie la lay le lain len

mistake mstek mistook mstk

mistaken mstekn

ride rad rode rd ridden rdn

ring r rang r rung r

rise raz rose rz risen rzn

see si: saw s seen si:n

sew s sewed sd sewn sn


shake ek shook k shaken ekn

show showed d shown n

shrink rnk shrank rnk shrunk rnk

sink sk sank sk sunk sk

sing s sang s sung s

speak spi:k spoke spk spoken spkn

spring spr sprang spr sprung spr

steal sti:l stole stl stolen stln


stink stk stank st stunk st

swear swea swore sw sworn swn

swim swm swam swm swum swm

take tek took tk taken tekn

tear tea tore t torn tn

throw r threw ru: thrown rn

wake wek woke wk

woken wkn

wear wea wore w worn wn

write rat wrote rt written rtn


Confusing verbs

Lie – lied – lied (mentir) /la/ - /lad/ - /lad/

lying

Lie – lay – lain (estar tumbado) /la/ - /le/ - /len/

lying

Lay – laid – laid (poner la mesa) /le / - /led/ - /led/

laying

The Simple Past - rafamoreno.comrafamoreno.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Simple_Pa… ·...

Documents

Transcript of The Simple Past - rafamoreno.comrafamoreno.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Simple_Pa… ·...