The Silurian and Devonian - Indiana University Bloomingtonpaleoind/Lectures/Lecture 11 - Silurian...

Department of Geological Sciences | Indiana University(c) 2012, P. David Polly Paleontology and Geology of Indiana

Geol G-308

P. David PollyDepartment of Geological SciencesIndiana UniversityBloomington, Indiana 47405 [email protected]

(from Stanley, 2005. Earth System History)

Colonization of Land

The Silurian and Devonian

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

Objectives


Geol G-308

1. Climate and atmosphere in the Paleozoic;2. Silurian and Devonian rock units in Indiana;3. Events of the Silurian and Devonian;4. Paleogeography and major structural features, including Illinois

and Michigan Basins;5. Stromatoporoid reefs;6. First land plants in Silurian;7. Falls of the Ohio State Park.

Quiz for next Wednesday (27 Feb)

Metazoan phyla (slide 19 from lecture on Short History of Life)


Geol G-308

Rise in sea level in late Ordovician (Richmondian invasion and other biotic pulses)

Onset of glaciation in Gondwana

Major drop in sea level

Extinction

End-Ordovician (Hirnantian) extinction


Geol G-308

Ice Storm, Bloomington, IN (photo by PD Polly)

Modern climate in Indiana

Mean annual temperature

10.9° C 51.6° F

Mean Jan Cold -7.9° C 17.7° FMean July Warm 29.5° C 85.1° CMean annual precipitation

1016 mm 40 in

Mean annual temperature

14.0° C 57.2° F

Nitrogen 78.00%Oxygen 20.90%Water vapor 0.90%

Carbon dioxide 0.04% 355 ppm (2013: 395.5 ppm)

Indiana (1971-2000)

Global (1971-2000)

Atmosphere (1990)


Geol G-308

(Royer, Berner, Montañez, Tabor and Beerling, 2004. CO2 as a primary driver of Phanerozoic climate. GSA Today, 14: 4-10)

Atmospheric carbon dioxide through the Phanerozoic


Geol G-308

(Berner and Canfield, 1989. A new model for atmospheric oxygen over Phanerozoic time. American Journal of Science,

289: 333-361)

Atmospheric oxygen through the Phanerozoic


Geol G-308

Temperature (via 18O) through the Phanerozoic


Geol G-308

Sequences and sea-level in the mid continent


Geol G-308


Silurian and Devonian events


Geol G-308

(c) Ron Blakey (http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~rcb7/nam.html)

Early Silurian (430 mya)

http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~rcb7/nam.html



Geol G-308


Late Silurian (420 mya)




Geol G-308

Beginning of Kaskaskia sea level sequence


Early Devonian (400 mya)




Geol G-308


Middle Devonian (385 mya)




Geol G-308

Time of New Albany Shale


Late Devonian (360 mya)




Geol G-308

Tapestry of Time and Terrain, USGS

Structural features of eastern North America


Geol G-308

The Illinois Basin


Geol G-308

Silurian and Devonian Surface Bedrock in Indiana

Three formations are of special interest:

• Waldron Shale(amazingly rich in fossils in places)

• Jeffersonville Limestone(Falls of the Ohio State Park)

• New Albany Shale


Geol G-308

Cumings and Shrock , 1927. The Silurian reefs of Northern Indiana. Indiana Academy of Sciences.

Sedimentary structure at Bluffton, IN


Geol G-308

(Mesolella, 1978. Paleogeography of some Silurian and Devonian Reef Trends, AAPG Bulletin, 62: 1607-1644)

Reefs in the Middle Silurian


Geol G-308

Ault, C.H., Becker, L.E., Droste, J.B., Keller, S.J., and Shaver, R.H., 1992, Map of Indiana Showing Thickness of Silurian Rocks and Location of Reefs, Indiana

Geological Survey Miscellaneous Map 54.

Silurian reefs in Indiana

Fort Wayne Bank

Terre Haute Bank

Patch reefs

Reef banks


Geol G-308


Structure of a Silurian reef bank


Geol G-308

(from Camp and Richardson,1999. Roadside Geology of Indiana)

Structure of Silurian patch reefs

Cumings and Shrock , 1927. The Silurian reefs of Northern Indiana. Indiana Academy of Sciences.


Geol G-308

Kenrick and Crane, 1997. Origin and Early Evolution of Land Plants.

First land plants

Oldest known land plant:Cooksonia(Psilopsids)Middle Silurian

small, simple, spore producing, no leaves, no true roots

Cooksonia (Middle Silurian)

Baragwanathia reconstruction (Upper Silurian)

Aglaphyton reconstruction (Upper Silurian)

Photo by Canley, 2012

Stanley, 2005. Earth System History


Geol G-308

Falls of the Ohio State ParkClarksville, INMiddle Devonian, Jeffersonville Limestone

Exceptionally good preservation of corals and other mid-Devonian marine life

Louisville

Clarksville New Albany

The Silurian and Devonian - Indiana University Bloomingtonpaleoind/Lectures/Lecture 11 - Silurian...

Documents

Transcript of The Silurian and Devonian - Indiana University Bloomingtonpaleoind/Lectures/Lecture 11 - Silurian...