1

THE SHIFT ON THEMATIC STRUCTURES OF THEME – RHEME IN

“THE LITTLE PRINCE”

(THE ORIGINAL VERSION AND ITS INDONESIAN TRANSLATION)

A THESIS

Submitted as Partial Fulfillment of Requirements for the Sarjana Sastra

Degree in English Department

By:

TITIN SUWARSO

0809010013

FACULTY OF LETTERS

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH PURWOKERTO

2013

4

STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY

The undersigned,

Name : Titin Suwarso

Student Number : 0809010013

Study Program : English Department

Faculty : Letters

declares that the present Sarjana‟s thesis describes original research undertaken

for Faculty of Letters, University of Muhammadiyah Purwokerto. Any theories,

findings, and research technique, which are not my own have been acknowledged

in the text. Theoretical contributions and findings in this thesis are my original

works and have not been submitted for any degree in this or any other

universities. If later, it can be revealed that this Sarjana‟s thesis contains partly or

wholly plagiarized pieces of others intellectuals work of any kind, I will ready

accept the sanction established by university on the matter.

Purwokerto, February, 28, 2013

Titin Suwarso

The Shift on Thematic Structures..., Titin Suwarso, Fakultas Sastra UMP, 2013

5

MOTTO

Life is beautiful memory with our family and friends -

Die is loneliness, separating us with all in the sadness

Praying is the main key of success in the world

“Remember that your live is to Alloh”

The Shift on Thematic Structures..., Titin Suwarso, Fakultas Sastra UMP, 2013

6

DEDICATION

This thesis is dedicated to my beloved father and mother, my family...

Thanks for giving me love, guidance, motivation and supporting me along

my live in this world.

To my wife (Arni Retno Asih) who always accompany me in the happiness

and sadness in my live,

The Shift on Thematic Structures..., Titin Suwarso, Fakultas Sastra UMP, 2013

7

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Bismillahirrohmaanirohiim...

Alhamdulillah....thanks to ALLAH who has given me health and chance in

finishing this thesis, thanks and sholawat to the Messenger Muhammad my

prophet, who has been teaching me how to live this life in the world. Finally, I

can finish this thesis as the last requirement to reach Sarjana Sastra degree in

Faculty of Letters.

I would like to express my deepest thank to my consultants, for helping,

guiding, and caring so that I can finish this research. I‟m truly indebted to all

lecturers who have taught me how to speak, read, write, and listen in English very

well since the first time I registered in Faculty of Letters. Here, I would express

thankfulness for them because of their favor:

1. The dean of Faculty of Letters, University of Muhammadiyah

Purwokerto. Thanks for your support and motivation to finish this

thesis.

2. The head of study program of Faculty of Letters, thanks for your

motivation and support to finish this thesis

3. Khristianto, S.S, M. Hum. The consultant who give me motivation and

valuable experience to finish this thesis.

4. My beloved mother and father and my family, the best possession I

have. They become something magnificent that God gives.

5. My wife who gives me motivation, love, and support every time and

accompany me until I finished this thesis.

6. Letters Family, thanks for your support in finishing this thesis.

I hope this research will be useful for other researchers and everyone.

Thank you very much.

The Shift on Thematic Structures..., Titin Suwarso, Fakultas Sastra UMP, 2013

8

LIST OF ABBREVIATION

SFL : Systemic Functional Linguistics

S : Subject

F : Finite

P : Predicator

C : Complement

Conj : Conjunction

Adj : Adjunct

Top. unmark : Topical unmarked

Top. mark : Topical marked

Tex. : Textual

Interp. : Interpersonal

Sl : Source language

Tl : Target language

The Shift on Thematic Structures..., Titin Suwarso, Fakultas Sastra UMP, 2013

9

LIST OF TABLE

Table 2.1: Theme and Rheme position in the text ........................................ 8

Table 2.2: Realization of metafunction in the text ...................................... 13

Table 2.3: Position Subject, Finite, Predicator, Complement and Adjunct

in the text ................................................................................... 18

The Shift on Thematic Structures..., Titin Suwarso, Fakultas Sastra UMP, 2013

10

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE ..................................................................................................... i

APPROVAL ............................................................................................. ii

VALIDATION SHEET ........................................................................... iii

STATEMENT OF ORRIGINALITY ...................................................... iv

MOTTO .................................................................................................. v

DEDICATION ........................................................................................ vi

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...................................................................... vii

LIST OF ABBREVIATION .................................................................... viii

LIST OF TABLE ....................................................................................... ix

TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................... x

ABSTRACT ............................................................................................ xiii

INTISARI ............................................................................................... xiv

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Research ......................................................... 1

B. Problem Statement ....................................................................... 4

C. Objective of the Research ............................................................ 4

D. Limitation of the Research ........................................................... 5

E. Significance of the Research ........................................................ 5

F. Research Organization ................................................................. 6

The Shift on Thematic Structures..., Titin Suwarso, Fakultas Sastra UMP, 2013

11

CHAPTER II LITERARY REVIEW

A. Analysis of Thematization ........................................................... 7

B. Review of Related Researches .................................................... 9

C. Theorytical Framework ................................................................ 11

1. Theory of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL)...................... 11

a. Language Metafunctions ....................................................... 12

b. Textual Function .................................................................... 13

c. Theme and Rheme ................................................................. 14

d. Types of Theme ...................................................................... 15

e. Theme Components ............................................................... 17

2. Translation Analysis ................................................................... 21

a. Translation Shift .................................................................... 21

b. Translation Category ............................................................. 22

c. Translation Equivalence ........................................................ 25

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD

A. Type of the Research .................................................................... 26

B. Source of Data .............................................................................. 26

C. Technique of Collecting Data ....................................................... 27

D. Technique of Analyzing Data ....................................................... 27

CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION

A. Data Description ........................................................................... 29

B. Data Analysis ............................................................................... 29

The Shift on Thematic Structures..., Titin Suwarso, Fakultas Sastra UMP, 2013

12

1. Theme and Rheme Elements ...................................................... 30

2. Theme and Rheme Variations .................................................... 44

3. The Shift of Theme and Rheme .................................................. 48

C. Discussion ....................................................................................... 50

1. The Shift of Constituents Theme ................................................ 51

2. The Shift of Theme Category ..................................................... 52

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

A. Conclusion .................................................................................... . 57

B. Suggestion .................................................................................... . 58

BBILIOGRAPHY ....................................................................................... 60

APPENDICES ............................................................................................ 62

TABULATION ........................................................................................... 139

The Shift on Thematic Structures..., Titin Suwarso, Fakultas Sastra UMP, 2013

13

ABSTRACT

THE SHIFT ON THEMATIC STRUCTURES OF THEME – RHEME IN

“THE LITTLE PRINCE”

(THE ORIGINAL VERSION AND ITS INDONESIAN TRANSLATION)

Titin Suwarso

NIM: 0809010013

This research focusing on the shift on thematic structures of theme-rheme

in “The Little Prince” the original version and its Indonesian translation has some

purposes (1) to explain the theme element between English version and

Indonesian translation, (2) to determine the theme variation in the English version

and Indonesian translation, and (3) to describe the shift of theme that occurred

between English version and Indonesian translation.

This is a qualitative research applying Halliday‟s Systemic Functional

Linguistics to analyze the data of clauses in The Little Prince, there are two texts

as the data source: the English original version and its Indonesian translation. The

data are collected through content analysis, focusing on the the structure of theme-

rheme.

The theme element occurred in the bilingual comic "The Little Prince"

English version and Indonesian translation has different theme element. This

different theme element does not effect for the message delivered in the

translation, but have effect for theme – rheme variation formed. Theme – rheme

variation is occure influenced by differences structure of sentence in translation,

i.e: existences subject position which appear before or after another theme

elements. The subject appeared does not effect for meaning translation but

showed the shift of theme in the translation.

Category shift of theme divided into two categories, those are: the

category of Topical theme marked is usually the subject as complement consisting

of adjunct, conjunction, finite and predicator and category of Topical theme

unmarked is usually the subject as pronoun (I, he, she, it, and so on). The shift of

Topical theme unmarked as subject become Topical theme marked as complement

generally do not have much effect on the meaning of the clause and text. The

shift does not effect negatively to the meaning and style in translation, but it

shows that the translation has a different character depending on translator

realizing the message or information to the reader. This shift occurred because

both languages have difference structures of languages and system of grammar.

Key words: SFL, Theme-Rheme, Theme Category.

The Shift on Thematic Structures..., Titin Suwarso, Fakultas Sastra UMP, 2013

14

INTISARI

PERGESERAN STRUKTUR TEMA - REMA DALAM KOMIK

“THE LITTLE PRINCE”

(VERSI INGGRIS DAN TERJEMAHAN INDONESIA)

Titin Suwarso

NIM: 0809010013

Penelitian ini berfokus pada pergeseran struktur tematik tema-rema dalam

komik “The Little Prince” versi Inggris dan terjemahan Indonesia memiliki

beberapa tujuan (1) untuk menjabarkankan elemen tema - rema antara bahasa

Inggris dan terjemahan Indonesia, (2) untuk menjabarkan variasi tema-rema versi

bahasa Inggris dan terjemahan bahasa Indonesia, dan (3) untuk menjabarkan

pergeseran kategori tema - rema yang terjadi pada bahasa Inggris dan terjemahan

bahasa Indonesia.

Penelitian ini menerapkan teori kualitatif untuk menganalisis data komik

dwibahasa yaitu teks versi bahasa Inggris dan terjemahannya dalam bahasa

Indonesia. Data dikumpulkan melalui analisis isi, berfokus pada struktur tema -

rema.

Element tema yang terjadi dalam komik "The Little Prince" versi Inggris

dan terjemahan Indonesia memiliki elemen tema yang berbeda-beda. Perbedaan

elemen tema ini tidak berpengaruh pada makna pesan yang disampaikan, tetapi

berpengaruh pada terjadinya variasi tema – rema. Variasi tema – rema terjadi

dipengaruhi oleh adanya perbedaan structure kalimat dalam terjemahan, misalnya:

adanya kedudukan subjek yang muncul sebelum atau sesudah elemen-elemen

tema lainya. Munculnya subjek sebelum atau sesudah element tema lain tidak

merubah pesan bahasa sumber tetapi memunculkan terjadinya pergeseran tema.

Pergeseran tema yang terjadi dalam bahasa Inggris dan terjemahan

Indonesia digolongkan menjadi dua kategori, yaitu: kategori tema topikal lazim,

tema ditandai dengan subjek / kata ganti (saya, kamu, dia, kita,...). Sedangkan

kategori tema topikal tak lazim, tema ditandai dengan subjek sebagai keterangan.

Pergeseran tema pada tema topikal lazim menjadi tema topikal tak lazim tidak

banyak berpengaruh pada makna terjemahan. Tetapi adanya pergeseran makna

menunjukan bahwa terjemahan memiliki karakter yang berbeda tergantung pada

penerjemah dalam merealisasikan pesan kepada pembaca. pergeseran tema ini

terjadi karena bahasa memiliki struktur / sistem tata bahasa yang berbeda.

Kata kunci: SFL, Tema-Rema, Kategori Tema.

The Shift on Thematic Structures..., Titin Suwarso, Fakultas Sastra UMP, 2013