The shapes of leaves across developmental and geologic time

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The shapes of leaves across developmental and geologic time Dan Chitwood Donald Danforth Plant Science Cen February 16, 2016

Transcript of The shapes of leaves across developmental and geologic time

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The shapes of leaves across developmental and geologic timeDan ChitwoodDonald Danforth Plant Science CenterFebruary 16, 2016

A primer to the leaf morphospaceHeteroblasty: Plants produce different types of leavesOntogeny & allometry: Parts of leaves expand at unequal ratesPlasticity: Leaf shape is responsive to the environmentMorphometrics: there are many ways to measure shape

A primer to the leaf morphospaceHeteroblasty: Plants produce different types of leavesOntogeny & allometry: Parts of leaves expand at unequal ratesPlasticity: Leaf shape is responsive to the environmentMorphometrics: there are many ways to measure shape

The heteroblastic series:Plants produce different types of leaves

Chitwood & Sinha, in review

Chitwood and Sinha, 2015

The heteroblastic series:Plants produce different types of leaves

Chitwood and Sinha, 2015While walking in the Public Gardens of Palermo, it came to me in a flash that in the organ of the plant which we are accustomed to call the leaf lies the true Proteus who can hide or reveal himself in vegetal forms. From first to last, the plant is nothing but leaf.Goethe

The heteroblastic series:Plants produce different types of leaves

Forster and Bonser, Ann Bot 2009

Acacia

The heteroblastic series:Plants produce different types of leaves

Forster and Bonser, Ann Bot 2009

Lancewood

The heteroblastic series:Plants produce different types of leaves

A primer to the leaf morphospaceHeteroblasty: Plants produce different types of leavesOntogeny & allometry: Parts of leaves expand at unequal ratesPlasticity: Leaf shape is responsive to the environmentMorphometrics: there are many ways to measure shape

A primer to the leaf morphospaceHeteroblasty: Plants produce different types of leavesOntogeny & allometry: Parts of leaves expand at unequal ratesPlasticity: Leaf shape is responsive to the environmentMorphometrics: there are many ways to measure shape

Husbands et al., 2009

Leaf ontogeny and allometry:Different parts of the leaf expand at different rates

Stephen Hales, Vegetable staticks, 1727

Leaf ontogeny and allometry:Different parts of the leaf expand at different rates

Stephen Hales, Vegetable staticks, 1727

Leaf ontogeny and allometry:Different parts of the leaf expand at different rates

Stephen Hales, Vegetable staticks, 1727

Leaf ontogeny and allometry:Different parts of the leaf expand at different rates

Stephen Hales, Vegetable staticks, 1727

Leaf ontogeny and allometry:Different parts of the leaf expand at different rates

A primer to the leaf morphospaceHeteroblasty: Plants produce different types of leavesOntogeny & allometry: Parts of leaves expand at unequal ratesPlasticity: Leaf shape is responsive to the environmentMorphometrics: there are many ways to measure shape

A primer to the leaf morphospaceHeteroblasty: Plants produce different types of leavesOntogeny & allometry: Parts of leaves expand at unequal ratesPlasticity: Leaf shape is responsive to the environmentMorphometrics: there are many ways to measure shape

Environmental plasticity:Leaf shape is responsive to changes in the environment

Chitwood & Sinha, in review

Environmental plasticity:Leaf shape is responsive to changes in the environment

Chitwood & Sinha, in review

Environmental plasticity:Leaf shape is responsive to changes in the environmentChitwood & Sinha, in review

A primer to the leaf morphospaceHeteroblasty: Plants produce different types of leavesOntogeny & allometry: Parts of leaves expand at unequal ratesPlasticity: Leaf shape is responsive to the environmentMorphometrics: there are many ways to measure shape

A primer to the leaf morphospaceHeteroblasty: Plants produce different types of leavesOntogeny & allometry: Parts of leaves expand at unequal ratesPlasticity: Leaf shape is responsive to the environmentMorphometrics: there are many ways to measure shape

There are many ways to measure shape:Common morphometric methods to measure leaf shapeChitwood & Sinha, in review

Pseudo-landmarks

There are many ways to measure shape:Common morphometric methods to measure leaf shapeChitwood & Sinha, in review

Elliptical Fourier Descriptors

There are many ways to measure shape:Common morphometric methods to measure leaf shapeChitwood & Sinha, in review

Landmarks

There are many ways to measure shape:Common morphometric methods to measure leaf shapeChitwood & Sinha, in review

LandmarksElliptical Fourier Descriptors

Latent genetic & developmental shapes in grapevine leavesThe shape of climate change:Inter-annual variability in grapevine leaf shapeExamples of leaf morphometrics in grapevineChitwood et al. (2015) New PhytologistChitwood et al. (2016) Plant Physiology

Species effects

Species, developmental stage,& leaf number effects

Species, developmental stage,& leaf number effects

Species, developmental stage,& leaf number effects

ShootbaseShoottip

Species, developmental stage,& leaf number effects

L1L2L1L3L4L5L6L7L8L9L10ShootbaseShoottipLeafNumber,different leaf types

Species, developmental stage,& leaf number effects

S1S2S9S10S3S4S5S6S7S8L1L2L1L3L4L5L6L7L8L9L10DevelopmentalStage,unequal expansionLeafNumber,different leaf typesShootbaseShoottip

Species, developmental stage,& leaf number effects

ShootbaseShoottipLeaf numberDevelopmental stageUnequal expansionDifferent leaf types

Species, developmental stage,& leaf number effects

ShootbaseShoottipLeaf numberDevelopmental stageUnequal expansionDifferent leaf types

Species, developmental stage,& leaf number effects

ShootbaseShoottipLeaf numberDevelopmental stageUnequal expansionDifferent leaf types

Evolutionary vs. developmental pathsin the Vitis leaf morphospace

Species effects

Evolutionary vs. developmental pathsin the Vitis leaf morphospace

Developmental stageUnequal expansion

Evolutionary vs. developmental pathsin the Vitis leaf morphospace

Leaf numberDifferent leaf types

Species identity can be predictedindependently from development

Species identity can be predictedindependently from development

Developmental stage can be predictedindependently from species identity

Leaf number can be predictedindependently from species identity

Latent genetic & developmental shapes in grapevine leavesThe shape of climate change:Inter-annual variability in grapevine leaf shapeExamples of leaf morphometrics in grapevineChitwood et al. (2015) New PhytologistChitwood et al. (2016) Plant Physiology

Landmarks sensitive to allometry

Blade expands faster than vein

Blade expands faster than vein

Blade expands faster than vein

Genetic & developmental shapes are independent

Genetic & developmental shapes are independent

Genetic & developmental shapes are independent

Genetic & developmental shapes are independent

Discriminating leaves from different years:Same vines, same stages

Discriminating leaves from different years:Same vines, same stages

Climate interannual variability:2014/15 was colder & drier than 2012/13

Climate interannual variability:2014/15 was colder & drier than 2012/13

Extant and geologic history:Leaf shape & size correlate with climate

Extant and geologic history:Leaf shape & size correlate with climate

Paleomap, scotese.com

Thanks!Grapes

Laura KleinAllison MillerJason LondoSusan RundellQuaneisha WoodfordDarren LiTommy YuJose LopezDanny GreenblattJulie Kang

Caulerpa/Tomatoes/Grafting

Viktoriya ConevaMargaret Frank


Plant-trial results Bold, shade- loving Rodgersias...Foliage: The titanic leaves come in two basic shapes: palmately compound (picture your outstretched hand); pinnately compound,

Plant-trial results Bold, shade- loving Rodgersias...Foliage: The titanic leaves come in two basic shapes: palmately compound (picture your outstretched hand); pinnately compound,

Complexity and Shapes of Leaves AGR 161: Unit C Found on Internet: Unknown Source Created By: Jennifer Stewart.

Complexity and Shapes of Leaves AGR 161: Unit C Found on Internet: Unknown Source Created By: Jennifer Stewart.

FOUNDATION IN GRAPHIC DESIGN - Amazon S3 in...representative of shapes found in nature such as a leaves, rocks, and clouds. In design organic shapes are generally created through the

FOUNDATION IN GRAPHIC DESIGN - Amazon S3 in...representative of shapes found in nature such as a leaves, rocks, and clouds. In design organic shapes are generally created through the

Shapes shapes-everywhere

Shapes shapes-everywhere

Redi-Shapes Custom-Engineered Precast Refractory Shapes · Redi-Shapes™ Custom-Engineered Precast Refractory Shapes Plibrico Redi-Shapes precast shapes provide fast refractory lining

Redi-Shapes Custom-Engineered Precast Refractory Shapes · Redi-Shapes™ Custom-Engineered Precast Refractory Shapes Plibrico Redi-Shapes precast shapes provide fast refractory lining

Complexity and Shapes of Leaves AGR 161: Unit C

Complexity and Shapes of Leaves AGR 161: Unit C

Leaves. Types of Leaves Examples of Simple Leaves.

Leaves. Types of Leaves Examples of Simple Leaves.

Welcome to Barnet Hill Academy’s Newsletter · observed natural changes of leaves linking to our topic ‘Why do leaves go crispy?’. We also looked at different shapes and sizes

Welcome to Barnet Hill Academy’s Newsletter · observed natural changes of leaves linking to our topic ‘Why do leaves go crispy?’. We also looked at different shapes and sizes

Watercolor Leaves Pattern - Ranger Rick · Instructions: 1. Use the pa˜ern to draw leaf shapes on the watercolor paper. 2. Cut out the leaf shapes. 3. Paint the leaf shapes with

Watercolor Leaves Pattern - Ranger Rick · Instructions: 1. Use the pa˜ern to draw leaf shapes on the watercolor paper. 2. Cut out the leaf shapes. 3. Paint the leaf shapes with

storage.googleapis.com · Common Leaf Shapes Quick Guide to Leaf Terms Illustrations by Bonnie Andrich. HOPS Press, LLC, 2013 whorled leaves alternate leaves opposite leaves oval

storage.googleapis.com · Common Leaf Shapes Quick Guide to Leaf Terms Illustrations by Bonnie Andrich. HOPS Press, LLC, 2013 whorled leaves alternate leaves opposite leaves oval

Pastry Shapes - RavicoPastry Shapes 01. Crusty Zakouskis 02. Mini Bouchees 03. Mini Round Tartlets (straight) 04. Mini Toasts 05. Assorted Leaves & Flowers 06. Assorted Shapes 07.Mini

Pastry Shapes - RavicoPastry Shapes 01. Crusty Zakouskis 02. Mini Bouchees 03. Mini Round Tartlets (straight) 04. Mini Toasts 05. Assorted Leaves & Flowers 06. Assorted Shapes 07.Mini

Shapes of leaves with parallel venation. Modelling of the Epipactis sp.

Shapes of leaves with parallel venation. Modelling of the Epipactis sp.

Geologic Resources Inventory Report · which were held by the Geologic Resources Division to determine geologic resources, the status of geologic mapping, and geologic resource management

Geologic Resources Inventory Report · which were held by the Geologic Resources Division to determine geologic resources, the status of geologic mapping, and geologic resource management

HOLLIS SCHOOL CALENDAR 2017 - Home - Braintree ... examined leaves in detail. We have compared their shapes and colors, and learned about why leaves change color in the fall. count,

HOLLIS SCHOOL CALENDAR 2017 - Home - Braintree ... examined leaves in detail. We have compared their shapes and colors, and learned about why leaves change color in the fall. count,

Geologic Time and dating rock sequences. Geologic Time Scale The Geologic Time Scale shows different eons, eras, periods and epochs The Geologic Time.

Geologic Time and dating rock sequences. Geologic Time Scale The Geologic Time Scale shows different eons, eras, periods and epochs The Geologic Time.

Shapes, Shapes, Shapes

Shapes, Shapes, Shapes

ROYAL ACADEMY OF OVERSEAS SCIENCES et al Royal... · RESUME L’oignon est l ... diameter, bulbs weight, leaves color, bulbs shapes and colors, the uniformity of bulbs shapes and

ROYAL ACADEMY OF OVERSEAS SCIENCES et al Royal... · RESUME L’oignon est l ... diameter, bulbs weight, leaves color, bulbs shapes and colors, the uniformity of bulbs shapes and

 · (Rules) ( Colour Theory) (Basic) i, (Secondary Colours) (Tertiary Colours) I (Geometrical Shapes) I (Practical) (Nature study) (Leaves) (Flowers)

 · (Rules) ( Colour Theory) (Basic) i, (Secondary Colours) (Tertiary Colours) I (Geometrical Shapes) I (Practical) (Nature study) (Leaves) (Flowers)

Geologic Time Scale Historical Geology. Geologic Time Scale.

Geologic Time Scale Historical Geology. Geologic Time Scale.

BEDROCK GEOLOGIC MAP Bedrock Geologic Map

BEDROCK GEOLOGIC MAP Bedrock Geologic Map