THE SECOND LIFE OF ULTRA WIDEBAND COMMUNICATION€¦ · The second life of Ultra Wideband...

Joerg Koepp

Market Segment Manager Wireless Communication (IoT)

Ezer Bennour

Product Manager Oscilloscopes

THE SECOND LIFE OF ULTRA WIDEBAND COMMUNICATION

Rohde & Schwarz

A little history on pulse radio

The second life of Ultra Wideband communication

German physicist

Heinrich Hertz used a spark

discharge to produce

electromagnetic waves

1893 1901The Italian electrical engineer

Guglielmo Marconi sent the

letter S () more than 2,100

miles across the Atlantic

Lincoln Lab. & Sperry invented

a phased array radar systems.

(ESR) for marine purpose

1950s

Rohde & Schwarz

To promote wireless

multimedia connectivity

and interoperability

between devices in a

personal area network.

First UWB spec.

Mission to be the voice

of UWB ecosystem in

order to support growth

of UWB techn. through

e2e, vendor-agnostic

interoperability.

Provide seamless user

experiences using the

secured FIne RAnging

and positioning

capabilities of inter-

operable UWB techn.

20 Years of UWB communication and precise ranging


2002

In 2002 the Federal Communication Commission (FCC) finally allowed the unlicensed

use of UWB systems in radar, public safety and data communication applications.

2018 20192005 2007

wimedia.org uwballiance.org firaconsortium.org

2012

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ulse

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ulse

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2020

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2015

Rohde & Schwarz

Ultra wideband definitions


DARPA1989: Signals with a fractional bandwidth (Bf)

equal to or larger than 0.25 are classified as UWB signals

Fractional bandwidth (Bf) is the ratio of the 3 dB

signal bandwidth to the center frequency Bf = BW3dB / fc > 0.25

FCC2002: A signal is considered UWB if either the -10 dB bandwidth

of the signal is larger than 500 MHz or it fractional

bandwidth is at least 0.2. PSD limit of -41.3 dBm/MHz

Bf = BW10dB / fc = > 0.2 fH - fL

½ (fH + fL)

Frequencies fL and fH are defined as the lower

and higher 10 dB frequencies of the power

spectrum relative to the PSD peak

Source: UWB communication systems: Conventional and 60 GHz, Shahriar Emami, Springer 2013

Rohde & Schwarz

Ultra-wideband (UWB) :Low-power short signal pulses over a broad spectrum

UWB pluse – Phase shift keying

1 µs

1 ns

1 MHz

500 MHz

NB/WB e.g. Bluetooth GFSK

2.4 GHz


Rohde & Schwarz

Impulse radio ultra-wideband (UWB) standardization:IEEE 802.15.4 (groups a, f, z)


HRP UWB PHYHigh Rate Pulse repetition frequency

base extend long-range DFbase high

Modulation

BPM-BPSK

Pulse Rate:

4.03 MHz

16.10 MHz

62.89 MHz

Modulation

BPM-BPSK

Pulse Rate:

62.4 MHz

Modulation

BPM-BPSK

Pulse Rate:

124.8 MHz

249.6 MHz

Modulation

OOK

Pulse Rate:

1 MHz

Modulation

OOK

Pulse Rate:

1 MHz

Modulation

PPM

Pulse Rate:

2 MHz

Modulation

PBFSK

Pulse Rate:

1 MHz

2 MHz

4 MHz

OOK: On-Off Keying

PPM – Pulse Positioning Modulation

PBFSK – Pulsed binary frequency shift keying

RDEV: Ranging device

ERDEV – Enhanced Ranging Device

BPM - burst position modulation

RDEV ERDEV

base enh. DF

Modulation

PBFSK

Pulse Rate:

1 MHz

2 MHz

4 MHz

DF w/

EPCModulation

PBFSK-PPM

Pulse Rate:

1 MHz

2 MHz

RDEV ERDEV

LRP UWB PHY Low Rate Pulse repetition frequency

802.15.4z802.15.4a/z 802.15.4f/z 802.15.4z

DF – Dual frequency

EPC – enhanced Payload capacity

BPSK -- binary phase shift keying

Rohde & Schwarz

UWB channel allocation based on 802.15.4z (Draft 0.8 – March 2020)


1 GHz 2 GHz 3 GHz 4 GHz 5 GHz 6 GHz 7 GHz 8 GHz 9 GHz 10 GHz

01

23

45

67

89

0/0* 1/11/2

1/3*

1/4

2/52/6

2/72/8

2/9*2/10

2/112/12

2/132/14

2/15

HRP

subGHz

HRP

low-bandHRP

high-band

LRP

high-band

Rohde & Schwarz

RF (TX) measurements for HRP UWB

► Baseband impulse response(normalized cross correlation)

► Transmit PSD mask

► Chip rate clock and chip carrier alignment accuracy of ± 20 × 10-6

► Transmit center frequency tolerance of ± 20 × 10-6


6.85 GHz6.526.45 7.17 7.25

0 dBr

-10 dBr-18 dBr

0.65/Tp

0.8/Tp

Pulse duration (Tp) 2.00 ns 0.92 ns 0.75 ns 0.74 ns

- 10 dBr (0.65) 325 MHz 705 MHz 867 MHz 878 MHz

- 18 dBr (0.8) 400 MHz 870 MHz 1067 MHz 1081 MHz

Defined in 802.15.4z

Additional measurements

► Chip/Symbol Clock Jitter Analysis

► Chip/Symbol Phase Jitter Analyis

► Chip/Symbol EVM

► Preamble/Data Power

► Power vs Time

Transmit Power Spectrum Density (PSD) mask

Rohde & Schwarz

HRP UWB transmitter measurements with R&S®CMP200


Cross correlation

Spectrum mask

Symbol jitter

Chip jitter

Power vs time

Rohde & Schwarz

Normalized Cross Correlation measurements


Cross correlation

Main lobe (>0.8)

Side lobe (< 0.3)

Rohde & Schwarz

Ultra-Wideband technology is serving several markets with specific requirements over the last decade


Home health monitoringIndoor location Sports trackingEntrance automation

Asset tracking/protection Tool trackingMedical Imaging Robot navigation

Rohde & Schwarz

The comeback of UWB on mobileswith precise ranging and secure low-power communication


Hands-free access Mobile payment Navigation

Asset finding Mobile sharing

All major smartphone vendors running UWB projects,

e.g. Apple’s U1 chip on the iPhone 11; or Samsung S20

AR/VR anchor

Rohde & Schwarz

UWB initially solving a keyless security problems is becoming a universal tool around the car


Child seat positioning In-car monitoringTrailer attach

Gesture recognitionKeyless entry1)

1) The car connectivity consortium (CCC) is specifying Digital Key Release 3.0 based on Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) in

combination with Ultra-Wideband (UWB)

Remote control parking

Rohde & Schwarz

Ranging and localization techniques


Distance PositionDirection

AOAAnchor

AnchorTDoA

Time of Flight Angle of Arrival Time Difference of Arrival

Rohde & Schwarz

Ranging estimation based on two-way ToF estimation


SS-TWR: single-sided two-way ranging DS-TWR: double-sided two-way ranging

Tprop = TAround+TBround+TAreply+TBreply

TAround1x TBround -TAreplyx TBreplyTprop = 2

(1+eA) x TAround – (1+eB) x TBreply

TBreplyTAround

Tprop

Tprop

RFRAME

RMARKER

eA eB

TxRx

RxTx

TBreplyTAround

Tprop

TpropTAreply TBround

TxRx

TxRx

TxRx

eA eB

^

Distance = cAIR x TpropcAIR = 29.97 cm / ns

error = 0.5 (eB x TBreply – eA x T Around)

eB; eA– clock offset error

Rohde & Schwarz

ANGLE OF ARRIVAL


TX

A0

A1

dRX

A0

A1

I

Q

Phase difference

= arccos(()/2d: Wavelength

d: Antenna distance ( /2)

: Phase difference

Angle of Arrival

Rohde & Schwarz

FIVE THINGS YOU SHOULD HAVE IN MIND IF TESTING UWB


I. Analysis bandwidth according to the ultra wide band

channel (500 MHz to 1400 MHz)

II. Very low signal power of maximum -41.3 dBm/MHz

(means -14 dBm on a 500 MHz channel)

III. Receiver sensitivity in the range of -90 to – 110 dBm

IV. Transmit power and antenna delay are very critical

parameter that needs to be calibrated

V. Accurate Time of Flight measurements require

verification

Ezer Bennour

Product Manager Oscilloscopes

UWB AND BLUETOOTH LE SIGNAL ANALYSIS WITH R&S OSCILLOSCOPES

Rohde & Schwarz

OVERVIEW► R&S Oscilloscopes for Wireless Applications

► Basic Analysis with on-Board Tools

► Advanced Analysis with Application Software

RF measurements for automotive applications19

Rohde & Schwarz

R&S OSCILLOSCOPES FOR WIRELESS APPLICATIONSRF SIGNAL ANALYSIS


Bandwidth up to 16 GHz

•Full Coverage of X Band and partial coverage of Ku Band

•Enough bandwidth to analyze and debug frequency hopping scenarios

Advanced Trigger Capability

•Advanced detection of pulses/ pulse sequences

•All trigger types up to full bandwidth

Up to 4 phase coherent channels

• Accurate estimation of phase difference between acquired signals

• System-level debugging by combining multiple measurements

Excellent RF performance

•Flat frequency response (e.g. +/- 0.25 dB for RTP)

•Powerful FFT for spectral measurements

BASIC ANALYSIS WITH ON-BOARD TOOLS


Rohde & Schwarz

Basic

Analysis

Sampled

RF SignalDirect

Sampling

RF Signal

BASIC ANALYSIS WITH ON-BOARD TOOLS

Basic Time and Frequency Domain

Measurements

Waveform measurement functions

Spectrum, Occupied Bandwidth…


Rohde & Schwarz

EXAMPLE 1: BLUETOOTH LOW ENERGY


Width Trigger allows a stable and easy detection of the BL LE bursts

Rohde & Schwarz



In this scenario, it is often

required to focus on the

spectrum of the bursts, without

including the off times

Powerful FFT with intuitive settings

Rohde & Schwarz



FFT Gating allows to focus on

the signal portion of interest

Possibility to combine multiple

gates and plot the spectrum of

multiple portions of the same

input signal


Rohde & Schwarz



Easy-to-conftigure spectral measurements

Fast and intuitive configuration

of most common spectral

measurements (channel

power, occupied bandwidth…)

Rohde & Schwarz

EXAMPLE 2: 802.15.4z (UWB)



Same measurement

approach as for Bluetooth

Low Energy

Example shows an UWB

waveform @7.9872 GHz

(preamble only)

ADVANCED ANALYSIS WITH APPLICATION SOFTWARE


Rohde & Schwarz

VSE MATLAB

…

Digital

Downconv. AnalysisIQ Data

Sampled

RF SignalDirect

Sampling

RF Signal

SIGNAL ACQUISITION WITH K11


In-Depth Analysis of

the acquired IQ data

Downconversion and

Downsampling

K11

Rohde & Schwarz

EXTEND ANALYSIS FUNCTIONALITY WITH APPLICATION SOFTWARE

RF measurements for automotive applications

► R&S VSE software with a variety

of built-in measurements for

multiple standards

► MATLAB as generic tool for

analysis based on customized

algorithms

R&S®VSEVector signal explorer Software

MATLAB®

30

Rohde & Schwarz

VECTOR SIGNAL EXPLORER SOFTWARE (VSE)

31

Most relevant Options for UWB and BL LE

• VSE-K6 for pulse analysis with a large set of pulse measurements (rise/fall time, pulse width…)

• VSE-K70: generic digital demodulation tool with a large set of supported modulation formats (PSK, QAM, FSK…) and user-defined modulationschemes

RF measurements for automotive applications

Rohde & Schwarz

ANALYSIS OF UWB PULSES WITH VSE-K6 PULSE ANALYSIS OPTION


Pulse result table

Pulse parameters (amplitude, phase…)

Rohde & Schwarz

DEMODULATION OF BL LE BURSTS WITH VSE-K70 DIGITAL DEMODULATION OPTION


Result Summary

Decoded Bitstream

Constellation Diagram

Rohde & Schwarz

SPECTRAL EMISSION MASK OF UWB SIGNAL WITH VSE


Flexible configuration of limits and frequency ranges

THE SECOND LIFE OF ULTRA WIDEBAND COMMUNICATION€¦ · The second life of Ultra Wideband...

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Transcript of THE SECOND LIFE OF ULTRA WIDEBAND COMMUNICATION€¦ · The second life of Ultra Wideband...