The Second American Revolution
description
Transcript of The Second American Revolution
![Page 1: The Second American Revolution](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816957550346895de104ee/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Second American Revolution
![Page 2: The Second American Revolution](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816957550346895de104ee/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
From Liberty to Freedom
![Page 3: The Second American Revolution](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816957550346895de104ee/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
• 1840, 1840: Liberty Party
• 1848: Free Soil Party
![Page 4: The Second American Revolution](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816957550346895de104ee/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Antislavery vs. Abolitionism
• Seemingly narrow distinction• Fear of slavery’s expansion• Competition for land, labor
![Page 5: The Second American Revolution](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816957550346895de104ee/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
A World of Nationalism
• Democratic, nationalist movements fail in Europe (1848)
• Can democracy survive in US?
![Page 6: The Second American Revolution](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816957550346895de104ee/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Mo Land, Mo Problems
• Sen. Henry Clay’s Compromise of 1850• California=free• Fugitive slave law• Popular sovereignty
![Page 7: The Second American Revolution](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816957550346895de104ee/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Disunion?
• South insists of slave expansion• Led by ailing SC Sen. John Calhoun
![Page 8: The Second American Revolution](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816957550346895de104ee/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
• Pres. Zachary Taylor dies• New Pres. Millard Fillmore supports Compromise
![Page 9: The Second American Revolution](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816957550346895de104ee/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: The Second American Revolution](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816957550346895de104ee/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Temporary Fix
• Fugitive Slave Act outrages North• Abolitionists resist, free captured slaves– Ex: Syracuse, NY (1851)
![Page 11: The Second American Revolution](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816957550346895de104ee/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Popular Sovereignty?
• Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)• Repeals Missouri Compromise– “dreary region of despotism, inhabited my
masters and slaves” – Rep. Joshua Giddings & Sen. Salmon Chase
![Page 12: The Second American Revolution](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816957550346895de104ee/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
• Pottawatomie Massacre (1856)• Pro, anti battle in “Bleeding Kansas”
![Page 13: The Second American Revolution](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816957550346895de104ee/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
• Dred Scott vs. Sandford (1857)• Only white people=citizens• Blacks “had no rights which the white man was bound
to respect”
![Page 14: The Second American Revolution](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816957550346895de104ee/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Here Comes the Railsplitter
![Page 15: The Second American Revolution](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816957550346895de104ee/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Abraham Lincoln
• 1809-1865• Poor family from KY• Self-taught lawyer• Whig Congressman• Opposed Mexican War & expansion of slavery
![Page 16: The Second American Revolution](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816957550346895de104ee/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
• New Republican Party opposes Dred Scott decision
• Lincoln’s Senate run in 1858• Nuanced stance– Anti-slavery– But willing to compromise– Equal opportunity
![Page 17: The Second American Revolution](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816957550346895de104ee/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
The Approach of War
• John Brown’s raid on Harper’s Ferry (1859)• Divides nation• South horrified
![Page 18: The Second American Revolution](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816957550346895de104ee/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
“I, John Brown, am quite certain that the crimes of this guilty land will never be purged away but with blood…”
![Page 19: The Second American Revolution](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816957550346895de104ee/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: The Second American Revolution](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816957550346895de104ee/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
We’re Out!
• South Carolina secedes, 12/20/1860• Months til inauguration• Pres. James Buchanan powerless
![Page 21: The Second American Revolution](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816957550346895de104ee/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: The Second American Revolution](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816957550346895de104ee/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
• “the great truth that the negro is not equal to the white man”
• “slavery, subordination to the superior race is his natural and normal condition”
-- Confederate VP Alexander Stephens
![Page 23: The Second American Revolution](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816957550346895de104ee/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Lincoln’s Tightrope
• How to avoid civil war?• Union must not fire “first shot”
![Page 24: The Second American Revolution](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816957550346895de104ee/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
• Fort Sumter, 4/12/1861• CSA fires on supply ship to Union base• NC, AR, TN, VA join CSA
![Page 25: The Second American Revolution](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816957550346895de104ee/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
A “Modern” War
• New technology– guns, submarines, telegraph– trench warfare
• 620,000 dead• Propaganda• Photography
![Page 26: The Second American Revolution](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816957550346895de104ee/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: The Second American Revolution](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816957550346895de104ee/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: The Second American Revolution](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816957550346895de104ee/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
The Facts
• North=more resources• 2 x population of South• South has slave labor• Cotton?
![Page 29: The Second American Revolution](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816957550346895de104ee/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Long, Slow, and Painful
• Expected to be short conflict• Union has to invade South
![Page 30: The Second American Revolution](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816957550346895de104ee/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Progress?
• Early success in West– Capture of New Orleans
• War of attrition– South fights mostly defensive war– Strikes into North
![Page 31: The Second American Revolution](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816957550346895de104ee/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
The Horror of War
• Antietam, MD – 4,000 in 1 day• Gettysburg, PA – biggest ever battle in N.
America• North makes little progress
![Page 32: The Second American Revolution](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816957550346895de104ee/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
What Was the War All About?
• Slaves flee to Union lines• Slaves as “contraband”• Abolition in DC
![Page 33: The Second American Revolution](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816957550346895de104ee/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Emancipation Proclamation
• 1/1/1863• Frees 3 million slaves in the South• No compensation
![Page 34: The Second American Revolution](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816957550346895de104ee/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Now a War for Freedom
• North enlists black troops• Initially, didn’t want to alienate white soldiers
or border states
![Page 35: The Second American Revolution](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816957550346895de104ee/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
• Army: 180,000 • Navy: 24,000• Mostly ex-slaves• Unequal treatment
![Page 36: The Second American Revolution](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816957550346895de104ee/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Breakthrough
• 1864 election approaches• Lincoln puts Grant in charge• Pushes into South• Massive casualties– Ex: 60,000 Union dead vs. 30,000 Southern in 6
weeks
![Page 37: The Second American Revolution](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816957550346895de104ee/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Endgame
• William Tecumseh Sherman burns Atlanta• Lincoln reelected (1864)