THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION (1550 – 1700) In the mid-1500s, scientists begin to question accepted...
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THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION(1550 – 1700)In the mid-1500s, scientists begin to question accepted beliefs and make new theories based on experimentation
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The Roots of Modern Science• Between 600 B.C. and 200 A.D. • Greek scientist used reason,
or LOGICAL THOUGHT, to develop ideas on how the world worked. This was called RATIONALISM
• GEOCENTRIC THEORY is the belief that the sun, the moon, and the other planet revolved around the Earth.• Geo = Earth • Centric = Center• Aristotle
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GREEK MATHEMATICS (before the Scientific Revolution)
• Pythagoras (mathematician)• The Pythagorean Theorem is named after him
• HARMONY – the idea of things combining well with each other to form a whole
• Euclid (mathematician)• Agreed with what Pythagoras said and he studied shapes (like circles and triangles)
• He was the one of the founders of geometry
• Al-Khwarizmi developed algebra
Pythagorean Theorem
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GREEK MEDICINE(before the Scientific Revolution)
• Hippocrates (doctor) is known as the father of modern medicine
• Galen (doctor) studied anatomy and was known to dissect people to gain knowledge of medicine and the human body• ANATOMY – the structure of living things• DISSECTION – cutting open plants and animals to look at their parts
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More Roots of Modern Science
• A New Way of Thinking• Renaissance prompts new ways of thinking (1300-1600)
• SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION —new way of viewing the natural world—based on observation and inquiry
• New discoveries, overseas exploration open up thinking
• Scholars make new developments in astronomy and mathematics.
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NICOLAUS COPERNICUS• Developed the HELIOCENTRIC THEORY
(Belief that the planets revolve around the sun)
•Later scientist Johannes Kepler mathematically prove Copernicus to be correct
Nicolaus Copernicus
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GALILEO GALILEI• Challenged classical ideas
the brought him in conflict with the church.
• Makes key advances in astronomy; creates the refractor telescope to look at the stars
• Supported Copernicus’ heliocentric theory
• Did live experiments to prove his points (like dropping two objects of different weights at the same time)
Galileo Galilei
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Conflict with the Church
• Church attacks Galileo’s work, fears it will weaken people’s faith
• Pope forces Galileo to declare his and other new findings are wrong
Cristiano Banti's 1857 painting Galileo facing the Roman Inquisition
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SIR ISAAC NEWTON•Developed the LAW OF UNIVERSAL GRAVITATION (all physical objects were affected by gravity that tends to draw objects toward each other)
Isaac Newton in 1689
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The Scientific Method
Francis Bacon (1561-1626) René Descartes (1595-1650)
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SIR FRANCIS BACON &RENE DESCARTES
• Thinkers Bacon and Descartes help to create scientific method
• Bacon urges scientists to experiment and observation before drawing conclusions to understand the world
• Descartes advocates questioning of the recognized authorities (the church) and that everything should be doubted until proven through reason
• “I think therefore I am”
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THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD(Sir Francis Bacon and Rene
Descartes)• A Logical Approach•Believes that scientists should use experiments and observation rather than abstract reasoning to understand the world.
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Inventions of the Scientific Revolution
MicroscopeThermometer
Calculator
Refractor Telescope
Submarine