The Scientific Method Mr. Luis A. Velazquez. What is the scientific method? Is a step by step...
-
Upload
joy-joyce-usilton -
Category
Documents
-
view
221 -
download
5
Transcript of The Scientific Method Mr. Luis A. Velazquez. What is the scientific method? Is a step by step...
![Page 1: The Scientific Method Mr. Luis A. Velazquez. What is the scientific method? Is a step by step process to understand nature. Scientists use an experiment.](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102923/551c3bc5550346a3488b4863/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Scientific MethodThe Scientific MethodMr. Luis A. Velazquez
![Page 2: The Scientific Method Mr. Luis A. Velazquez. What is the scientific method? Is a step by step process to understand nature. Scientists use an experiment.](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102923/551c3bc5550346a3488b4863/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What is the scientific method?
• Is a step by step process to understand nature.
• Scientists use an experiment to search for cause and effect relationships in nature.
• In other words, they design an experiment so that changes to one item cause something else to vary in a predictable way.
![Page 3: The Scientific Method Mr. Luis A. Velazquez. What is the scientific method? Is a step by step process to understand nature. Scientists use an experiment.](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102923/551c3bc5550346a3488b4863/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
What are the steps in the scientific method?
• Define the problem • Gather information • Make an hypothesis• Test your hypothesis• Review your results • Make a conclusion
![Page 4: The Scientific Method Mr. Luis A. Velazquez. What is the scientific method? Is a step by step process to understand nature. Scientists use an experiment.](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102923/551c3bc5550346a3488b4863/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
• In an experiment these changing quantities are called variables, and an experiment usually has three kinds:
• independent• dependent• control
What are variables?
![Page 5: The Scientific Method Mr. Luis A. Velazquez. What is the scientific method? Is a step by step process to understand nature. Scientists use an experiment.](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102923/551c3bc5550346a3488b4863/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The control variable
• Controlled variables are quantities that a scientist wants to remain constant, and he must observe them as carefully as the dependent variables. Why?
• Most experiments have more than one controlled variable.
• Some people refer to controlled variables as "constant variables."
![Page 6: The Scientific Method Mr. Luis A. Velazquez. What is the scientific method? Is a step by step process to understand nature. Scientists use an experiment.](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102923/551c3bc5550346a3488b4863/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The Independent Variable
• The independent variable is the one that is changed by the scientist.
• In an experiment there is only one independent variable.
![Page 7: The Scientific Method Mr. Luis A. Velazquez. What is the scientific method? Is a step by step process to understand nature. Scientists use an experiment.](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102923/551c3bc5550346a3488b4863/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The dependent variable
• The dependent variable changes in response to the change the scientist makes to the independent variable.
• The number of dependent variables in an experiment varies, but there is often more than one.
![Page 8: The Scientific Method Mr. Luis A. Velazquez. What is the scientific method? Is a step by step process to understand nature. Scientists use an experiment.](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102923/551c3bc5550346a3488b4863/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Examples:
• “For example, if you open a faucet (the _________ variable), the quantity of water flowing (__________ variable) changes in response-the water flow increases.”
![Page 9: The Scientific Method Mr. Luis A. Velazquez. What is the scientific method? Is a step by step process to understand nature. Scientists use an experiment.](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102923/551c3bc5550346a3488b4863/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
How to identify the dependent variable?
• To be predicted• The response variable• The outcome• A variable that is not under the
experimenter's control.
![Page 10: The Scientific Method Mr. Luis A. Velazquez. What is the scientific method? Is a step by step process to understand nature. Scientists use an experiment.](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102923/551c3bc5550346a3488b4863/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Difference between Variables
• Dependent– One or more– Output– Response var– Results and
data– Not controled
– Effects
• Independent– Only one– Input– Manipulated
var– Is under the
control of the Experimenter
– Cause
![Page 11: The Scientific Method Mr. Luis A. Velazquez. What is the scientific method? Is a step by step process to understand nature. Scientists use an experiment.](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102923/551c3bc5550346a3488b4863/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
• The cause• The input• The manipulated variable• The variable that is changed on
purpose in an experiment.
How to identify the independent variable?
![Page 12: The Scientific Method Mr. Luis A. Velazquez. What is the scientific method? Is a step by step process to understand nature. Scientists use an experiment.](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102923/551c3bc5550346a3488b4863/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
• if we want to measure how much water flow increases when we open a faucet, it is important to make sure that the water pressure (the controlled variable) is held constant.
• That's because both the water pressure and the opening of a faucet have an impact on how much water flows.
• If we change both of them at the same time, we can't be sure how much of the change in water flow is because of the faucet opening and how much because of the water pressure.
• Most experiments have more than one controlled variable.
![Page 13: The Scientific Method Mr. Luis A. Velazquez. What is the scientific method? Is a step by step process to understand nature. Scientists use an experiment.](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102923/551c3bc5550346a3488b4863/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
The SI Unit SystemThe SI Unit SystemMr. Luis A. Velazquez
![Page 14: The Scientific Method Mr. Luis A. Velazquez. What is the scientific method? Is a step by step process to understand nature. Scientists use an experiment.](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102923/551c3bc5550346a3488b4863/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
PREFIX SYMBOL FACTOR
yotta Y 1024
zetta Z 1021
exa E 1018
peta P 1015
tera T 1012
giga G 109
mega M 106
![Page 15: The Scientific Method Mr. Luis A. Velazquez. What is the scientific method? Is a step by step process to understand nature. Scientists use an experiment.](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102923/551c3bc5550346a3488b4863/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
PREFIX SYMBOL FACTOR
kilo K 103
hecto H 102
deka D 101
deci d 10-1
centi c 10-2
milli m 10-3
micro 10-6
nano n 10-9
pico p 10-12
femto f 10-15
atto a 10-18
zepto z 10-21
yocto y 10-24
![Page 16: The Scientific Method Mr. Luis A. Velazquez. What is the scientific method? Is a step by step process to understand nature. Scientists use an experiment.](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102923/551c3bc5550346a3488b4863/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Prefix• Kilo 10x 10 x 10 = 1000 = 103
• Hecto 10 x 10 = 100 = 102
• Decka 10x1 = 10 = 101
• deci 1/10 = 0.1 = 10-1
• centi 1/100 = 0.01 = 10-2
• milli 1/1000 = 0.001 = 10-3
1x1 = 1 = 100
![Page 17: The Scientific Method Mr. Luis A. Velazquez. What is the scientific method? Is a step by step process to understand nature. Scientists use an experiment.](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102923/551c3bc5550346a3488b4863/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
How to remember?
• King • Henry • Died
• Drinking• Chocolate • Milk
Basic unit
K
H
D
dc
m
mass, length, volume
![Page 18: The Scientific Method Mr. Luis A. Velazquez. What is the scientific method? Is a step by step process to understand nature. Scientists use an experiment.](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102923/551c3bc5550346a3488b4863/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Kilo
Hecto
Decka
deci
centi
milli
Basic Unit
Grams, Liters, meter
Left
Right
![Page 19: The Scientific Method Mr. Luis A. Velazquez. What is the scientific method? Is a step by step process to understand nature. Scientists use an experiment.](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102923/551c3bc5550346a3488b4863/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Practice Problems
Kilograms are bigger than Grams So you need to multiply this means you
move the decimal to the right How many times? 3
5 Kg =_______ g
Answer 5000
5000
![Page 20: The Scientific Method Mr. Luis A. Velazquez. What is the scientific method? Is a step by step process to understand nature. Scientists use an experiment.](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102923/551c3bc5550346a3488b4863/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Practice Problems
centigrams are smaller than grams So you need to divide this means you
move the decimal to the left
How many times?2
.045 cg =_______ g
Answer .00045
.00045
![Page 21: The Scientific Method Mr. Luis A. Velazquez. What is the scientific method? Is a step by step process to understand nature. Scientists use an experiment.](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102923/551c3bc5550346a3488b4863/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Practice Problems
Dekagrams are bigger than grams So you need to multiply this means you
move the decimal to the right
How many times?1
36 Dg =_______ g
Answer 360
360
![Page 22: The Scientific Method Mr. Luis A. Velazquez. What is the scientific method? Is a step by step process to understand nature. Scientists use an experiment.](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102923/551c3bc5550346a3488b4863/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Practice Problems
milligrams are smaller than Kilograms So you need to divide this means you
move the decimal to the left
How many times?6
7 mg =____________ Kg
Answer 0.000007
0.000007
![Page 23: The Scientific Method Mr. Luis A. Velazquez. What is the scientific method? Is a step by step process to understand nature. Scientists use an experiment.](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102923/551c3bc5550346a3488b4863/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Practice Problems
Liters are bigger than milliliters So you need to multiply this means you
move the decimal to the right.
How many times?3
9 L =_______ mL
Answer 9000
9000
![Page 24: The Scientific Method Mr. Luis A. Velazquez. What is the scientific method? Is a step by step process to understand nature. Scientists use an experiment.](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102923/551c3bc5550346a3488b4863/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Answer tofollowing Problems
• 35L = .035 KL• 46 g = .46 Hg• 0.000015mg = .0000000015 Dg• 9.53 mm = .00953 m• 7.908 cL = .07908 L• 0.521 Hm = 5210
cm
![Page 25: The Scientific Method Mr. Luis A. Velazquez. What is the scientific method? Is a step by step process to understand nature. Scientists use an experiment.](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102923/551c3bc5550346a3488b4863/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
• 35L = .035 KL Liter are smaller than Kiloliters so
you divide or move your decimal to the left.
You move your decimal to the left three times
The answer is .035 KL
![Page 26: The Scientific Method Mr. Luis A. Velazquez. What is the scientific method? Is a step by step process to understand nature. Scientists use an experiment.](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102923/551c3bc5550346a3488b4863/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
• 46 g = 0 .46 Hg
Grams are smaller than Hectograms so you divide or move your decimal to the left.
You move your decimal to the left two times .
The answer is 0.46Hg or .46 Hg
![Page 27: The Scientific Method Mr. Luis A. Velazquez. What is the scientific method? Is a step by step process to understand nature. Scientists use an experiment.](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102923/551c3bc5550346a3488b4863/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
0.000015mg = .0000000015 Dgmilligrams are smaller than Decagrams
so you divide or move you decimal to the left.
You move your decimal to the left four times.
The answer is .0000000015 Dg
![Page 28: The Scientific Method Mr. Luis A. Velazquez. What is the scientific method? Is a step by step process to understand nature. Scientists use an experiment.](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102923/551c3bc5550346a3488b4863/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
9.53 mm = .00953m millimeters are smaller than meter
so you divide or move you decimal to the left.
You move your decimal to the left three times
The answer is .00953 meters
![Page 29: The Scientific Method Mr. Luis A. Velazquez. What is the scientific method? Is a step by step process to understand nature. Scientists use an experiment.](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102923/551c3bc5550346a3488b4863/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
• 7.908 cL = .07908L centiliters are smaller than Liters
so you divide or move you decimal to the left.
You move your decimal to the left two times.
The answer is .07908 Liters
![Page 30: The Scientific Method Mr. Luis A. Velazquez. What is the scientific method? Is a step by step process to understand nature. Scientists use an experiment.](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102923/551c3bc5550346a3488b4863/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
0.521 Hm = 5210 cm
Hectometer are bigger than centimeters so you multiply or move you decimal to the right.
You move your decimal to the right four times.
The answer is 5210 cm