The Science of Therapeutic Modalities Legal Considerations Athletic Trainers vs. Physical...
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Transcript of The Science of Therapeutic Modalities Legal Considerations Athletic Trainers vs. Physical...
The Science of Therapeutic The Science of Therapeutic ModalitiesModalities
The Science of Therapeutic The Science of Therapeutic ModalitiesModalities
Legal ConsiderationsLegal ConsiderationsLegal ConsiderationsLegal Considerations
• Athletic Trainers vs. Physical TherapistsAthletic Trainers vs. Physical Therapists
• ChiropractorsChiropractors
• Athletic Trainers vs. Physical TherapistsAthletic Trainers vs. Physical Therapists
• ChiropractorsChiropractors
When Do You Use Therapeutic When Do You Use Therapeutic Modalities?Modalities?
When Do You Use Therapeutic When Do You Use Therapeutic Modalities?Modalities?
• For First Aid Immediately Following Injury For First Aid Immediately Following Injury
• Throughout The Injury Rehabilitation Throughout The Injury Rehabilitation ProcessProcess
• For First Aid Immediately Following Injury For First Aid Immediately Following Injury
• Throughout The Injury Rehabilitation Throughout The Injury Rehabilitation ProcessProcess
ChoicesChoicesChoicesChoices
• Athletic Trainers Have A Choice Of A Variety of Therapeutic Techniques
• Most All Athletic Trainers Eventually Choose To Use Therapeutic Modalities
• How You Choose To Use A Therapeutic Modality Is An Individual Decision
• The Choice Must Be Based On Theoretical Knowledge And Practical Experience
• Athletic Trainers Have A Choice Of A Variety of Therapeutic Techniques
• Most All Athletic Trainers Eventually Choose To Use Therapeutic Modalities
• How You Choose To Use A Therapeutic Modality Is An Individual Decision
• The Choice Must Be Based On Theoretical Knowledge And Practical Experience
Regardless of Choice Regardless of Choice Remember…..Remember…..
Regardless of Choice Regardless of Choice Remember…..Remember…..
• When Using a Therapeutic Modality In When Using a Therapeutic Modality In Rehabilitation It Should Be Used ONLY As Rehabilitation It Should Be Used ONLY As An Adjunct To Other Forms Of Therapeutic An Adjunct To Other Forms Of Therapeutic ExerciseExercise
• When Using a Therapeutic Modality In When Using a Therapeutic Modality In Rehabilitation It Should Be Used ONLY As Rehabilitation It Should Be Used ONLY As An Adjunct To Other Forms Of Therapeutic An Adjunct To Other Forms Of Therapeutic ExerciseExercise
How Do We Classify Modalities?How Do We Classify Modalities?How Do We Classify Modalities?How Do We Classify Modalities?
• Therapeutic Modalities Used By Athletic Therapeutic Modalities Used By Athletic Trainers Can Be Classified As Being….Trainers Can Be Classified As Being….– ElectromagneticElectromagnetic– AcousticAcoustic– MechanicalMechanical
• Therapeutic Modalities Used By Athletic Therapeutic Modalities Used By Athletic Trainers Can Be Classified As Being….Trainers Can Be Classified As Being….– ElectromagneticElectromagnetic– AcousticAcoustic– MechanicalMechanical
RadiationRadiationRadiationRadiation
• Process By Which Energy In Various Process By Which Energy In Various Forms Travels Through SpaceForms Travels Through Space
• Sunlight Is A Form Of Radiant EnergySunlight Is A Form Of Radiant Energy
• Many Modalities Produce Radiant EnergyMany Modalities Produce Radiant Energy
• Process By Which Energy In Various Process By Which Energy In Various Forms Travels Through SpaceForms Travels Through Space
• Sunlight Is A Form Of Radiant EnergySunlight Is A Form Of Radiant Energy
• Many Modalities Produce Radiant EnergyMany Modalities Produce Radiant Energy
RedRed
OrangeOrange
YellowYellow
GreenGreen
BlueBlue
VioletViolet
Electromagnetic RadiationsElectromagnetic Radiations
• Other Forms Of Radiation Other Than Other Forms Of Radiation Other Than Visible Light May Be Produced When An Visible Light May Be Produced When An Electrical Force Is AppliedElectrical Force Is Applied
• Other Forms Of Radiation Other Than Other Forms Of Radiation Other Than Visible Light May Be Produced When An Visible Light May Be Produced When An Electrical Force Is AppliedElectrical Force Is Applied
RedRedRedRed
OrangeOrangeOrangeOrange
YellowYellowYellowYellow
GreenGreenGreenGreen
BlueBlueBlueBlue
VioletVioletVioletViolet
InfraredInfraredInfraredInfrared
UltravioletUltravioletUltravioletUltraviolet
Electromagnetic RadiationsElectromagnetic Radiations
• In Addition, Other Forms Of Radiation In Addition, Other Forms Of Radiation Beyond Infrared And Ultraviolet Regions Beyond Infrared And Ultraviolet Regions May Be Produced When An Electrical May Be Produced When An Electrical Force Is AppliedForce Is Applied
• These Radiations Have Different These Radiations Have Different Wavelengths And Frequencies Than Those Wavelengths And Frequencies Than Those In The Visible Light SpectrumIn The Visible Light Spectrum
• In Addition, Other Forms Of Radiation In Addition, Other Forms Of Radiation Beyond Infrared And Ultraviolet Regions Beyond Infrared And Ultraviolet Regions May Be Produced When An Electrical May Be Produced When An Electrical Force Is AppliedForce Is Applied
• These Radiations Have Different These Radiations Have Different Wavelengths And Frequencies Than Those Wavelengths And Frequencies Than Those In The Visible Light SpectrumIn The Visible Light Spectrum
Collectively The Various Types Collectively The Various Types Of Radiation Form The Of Radiation Form The
Electromagnetic SpectrumElectromagnetic Spectrum
Collectively The Various Types Collectively The Various Types Of Radiation Form The Of Radiation Form The
Electromagnetic SpectrumElectromagnetic Spectrum
Electrical Stimulating CurrentsElectrical Stimulating CurrentsElectrical Stimulating CurrentsElectrical Stimulating Currents
Commercial Radio and TelevisionCommercial Radio and TelevisionCommercial Radio and TelevisionCommercial Radio and Television
Shortwave DiathermyShortwave DiathermyShortwave DiathermyShortwave Diathermy
Microwave DiathermyMicrowave DiathermyMicrowave DiathermyMicrowave Diathermy
InfraredInfraredInfraredInfraredLASERLASERLASERLASER
Visible LightVisible LightVisible LightVisible Light
UltravioletUltravioletUltravioletUltraviolet
Ionizing RadiationIonizing RadiationIonizing RadiationIonizing Radiation
{{{{
LongestLongestWavelengthWavelength
LongestLongestWavelengthWavelength
ShortestShortestWavelengthWavelength
ShortestShortestWavelengthWavelength
LowestLowestFrequencyFrequency
LowestLowestFrequencyFrequency
HighestHighestFrequencyFrequency
HighestHighestFrequencyFrequency
Wavelength And FrequencyWavelength And FrequencyWavelength And FrequencyWavelength And Frequency
• Wavelength-Distance Between Peak Of One Wave and Peak of the Next Wave
• Frequency-Number Of Wave Oscillations Or Vibrations Per Second (Hz, CPS, PPS)
• Velocity=Wavelngth X Frequency
• Wavelength-Distance Between Peak Of One Wave and Peak of the Next Wave
• Frequency-Number Of Wave Oscillations Or Vibrations Per Second (Hz, CPS, PPS)
• Velocity=Wavelngth X Frequency
Electromagnetic Radiations Electromagnetic Radiations Share Similar Physical Share Similar Physical
CharacteristicsCharacteristics
Electromagnetic Radiations Electromagnetic Radiations Share Similar Physical Share Similar Physical
CharacteristicsCharacteristics
• Produced When Sufficient Electrical Or Chemical Forces Are Applied To Any Material
• Travel Readily Through Space At An Equal Velocity (300,000,000 meters/sec)
• Direction Of Travel Is Always In A Straight Line
• Produced When Sufficient Electrical Or Chemical Forces Are Applied To Any Material
• Travel Readily Through Space At An Equal Velocity (300,000,000 meters/sec)
• Direction Of Travel Is Always In A Straight Line
Electromagnetic Radiations Share Similar Physical
Characteristics
Electromagnetic Radiations Share Similar Physical
Characteristics
• When Contacting Biological Tissues May Be…
• When Contacting Biological Tissues May Be…
Electromagnetic Radiations Electromagnetic Radiations Share Similar Physical Share Similar Physical
CharacteristicsCharacteristics
Electromagnetic Radiations Electromagnetic Radiations Share Similar Physical Share Similar Physical
CharacteristicsCharacteristics
• When Contacting Biological Tissues May Be…– Reflected
• When Contacting Biological Tissues May Be…– Reflected
Electromagnetic Radiations Electromagnetic Radiations Share Similar Physical Share Similar Physical
CharacteristicsCharacteristics
Electromagnetic Radiations Electromagnetic Radiations Share Similar Physical Share Similar Physical
CharacteristicsCharacteristics
• When Contacting Biological Tissues May Be…– Reflected– Transmitted
• When Contacting Biological Tissues May Be…– Reflected– Transmitted
Electromagnetic Radiations Electromagnetic Radiations Share Similar Physical Share Similar Physical
CharacteristicsCharacteristics
Electromagnetic Radiations Electromagnetic Radiations Share Similar Physical Share Similar Physical
CharacteristicsCharacteristics
• When Contacting Biological Tissues May Be…– Reflected– Transmitted– Refracted
• When Contacting Biological Tissues May Be…– Reflected– Transmitted– Refracted
Electromagnetic Radiations Electromagnetic Radiations Share Similar Physical Share Similar Physical
CharacteristicsCharacteristics
Electromagnetic Radiations Electromagnetic Radiations Share Similar Physical Share Similar Physical
CharacteristicsCharacteristics
• When Contacting Biological Tissues May Be…– Reflected– Transmitted– Refracted– Absorbed
• When Contacting Biological Tissues May Be…– Reflected– Transmitted– Refracted– Absorbed
Laws Governing The Effects of Laws Governing The Effects of Electromagnetic RadiationsElectromagnetic Radiations
Laws Governing The Effects of Laws Governing The Effects of Electromagnetic RadiationsElectromagnetic Radiations
• Arndt-Schultz PrincipleArndt-Schultz Principle– No Changes Or Reactions Can Occur In The No Changes Or Reactions Can Occur In The
Tissues Unless The Amount Of Energy Tissues Unless The Amount Of Energy Absorbed Is Sufficient To Stimulate The Absorbed Is Sufficient To Stimulate The Absorbing Tissues Absorbing Tissues
• Arndt-Schultz PrincipleArndt-Schultz Principle– No Changes Or Reactions Can Occur In The No Changes Or Reactions Can Occur In The
Tissues Unless The Amount Of Energy Tissues Unless The Amount Of Energy Absorbed Is Sufficient To Stimulate The Absorbed Is Sufficient To Stimulate The Absorbing Tissues Absorbing Tissues
Laws Governing The Effects of Laws Governing The Effects of Electromagnetic RadiationsElectromagnetic Radiations
Laws Governing The Effects of Laws Governing The Effects of Electromagnetic RadiationsElectromagnetic Radiations
• Law Of Grotthus-DraperLaw Of Grotthus-Draper– If The Energy Is Not Absorbed It Must Be If The Energy Is Not Absorbed It Must Be
Transmitted To The Deeper TissuesTransmitted To The Deeper Tissues– The Greater The Amount Absorbed The Less The Greater The Amount Absorbed The Less
Transmitted and Thus The Less PenetrationTransmitted and Thus The Less Penetration
• Law Of Grotthus-DraperLaw Of Grotthus-Draper– If The Energy Is Not Absorbed It Must Be If The Energy Is Not Absorbed It Must Be
Transmitted To The Deeper TissuesTransmitted To The Deeper Tissues– The Greater The Amount Absorbed The Less The Greater The Amount Absorbed The Less
Transmitted and Thus The Less PenetrationTransmitted and Thus The Less Penetration
Laws Governing The Effects of Laws Governing The Effects of Electromagnetic RadiationsElectromagnetic Radiations
Laws Governing The Effects of Laws Governing The Effects of Electromagnetic RadiationsElectromagnetic Radiations
• Cosine LawCosine Law– The Smaller The Angle Between The The Smaller The Angle Between The
Propagating Radiation And The Right Angle, Propagating Radiation And The Right Angle, The Less Radiation Reflected And The Greater The Less Radiation Reflected And The Greater The AbsorptionThe Absorption
• Cosine LawCosine Law– The Smaller The Angle Between The The Smaller The Angle Between The
Propagating Radiation And The Right Angle, Propagating Radiation And The Right Angle, The Less Radiation Reflected And The Greater The Less Radiation Reflected And The Greater The AbsorptionThe Absorption
SourceSource SourceSource
Laws Governing The Effects of Laws Governing The Effects of Electromagnetic RadiationsElectromagnetic Radiations
Laws Governing The Effects of Laws Governing The Effects of Electromagnetic RadiationsElectromagnetic Radiations
• Inverse Square LawInverse Square Law– The Intensity Of The Intensity Of
The Radiation The Radiation Striking A Surface Striking A Surface Varies Inversely Varies Inversely With The Square With The Square Of The Distance Of The Distance From The SourceFrom The Source
• Inverse Square LawInverse Square Law– The Intensity Of The Intensity Of
The Radiation The Radiation Striking A Surface Striking A Surface Varies Inversely Varies Inversely With The Square With The Square Of The Distance Of The Distance From The SourceFrom The Source
Source
1 Inch
2 Inch
Electromagnetic ModalitiesElectromagnetic Modalities• The Majority of Therapeutic Modalities Used
By Athletic Trainers Emit A Type Of Energy With Wavelengths And Frequencies That Can Be Classified As Electromagnetic Radiations
• The Majority of Therapeutic Modalities Used By Athletic Trainers Emit A Type Of Energy With Wavelengths And Frequencies That Can Be Classified As Electromagnetic Radiations
Electromagnetic Modalities Electromagnetic Modalities Include...Include...
Electromagnetic Modalities Electromagnetic Modalities Include...Include...
• Electrical Stimulating Currents
• Shortwave And Microwave Diathermy
• Infrared Modalities – Thermotherapy – Cryotherapy
• Ultraviolet Radiation Therapy
• Low-Power Lasers
• Magnet Therapy
• Electrical Stimulating Currents
• Shortwave And Microwave Diathermy
• Infrared Modalities – Thermotherapy – Cryotherapy
• Ultraviolet Radiation Therapy
• Low-Power Lasers
• Magnet Therapy
Electrical Stimulating Electrical Stimulating CurrentsCurrents
Electrical Stimulating Electrical Stimulating CurrentsCurrents
Electrical Stimulating CurrentsElectrical Stimulating CurrentsElectrical Stimulating CurrentsElectrical Stimulating Currents
• All Can Be Classified As All Can Be Classified As Transcutaneous Electrical Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulating CurrentsStimulating Currents
• Electrical Muscle Electrical Muscle Stimulators (EMS)Stimulators (EMS)
• Transcutaneous Electrical Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulators (TENS)Nerve Stimulators (TENS)
• Low Intensity Stimulators Low Intensity Stimulators (LIS / MENS)(LIS / MENS)
• All Can Be Classified As All Can Be Classified As Transcutaneous Electrical Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulating CurrentsStimulating Currents
• Electrical Muscle Electrical Muscle Stimulators (EMS)Stimulators (EMS)
• Transcutaneous Electrical Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulators (TENS)Nerve Stimulators (TENS)
• Low Intensity Stimulators Low Intensity Stimulators (LIS / MENS)(LIS / MENS)
Electrical Stimulating CurrentsElectrical Stimulating CurrentsElectrical Stimulating CurrentsElectrical Stimulating Currents
• Russian CurrentsRussian Currents• Interferential Currents Interferential Currents
• Russian CurrentsRussian Currents• Interferential Currents Interferential Currents
Electrical Stimulating CurrentsElectrical Stimulating CurrentsElectrical Stimulating CurrentsElectrical Stimulating Currents
• Russian CurrentsRussian Currents• Interferential Currents Interferential Currents • Low-Volt Currents Low-Volt Currents
(Iontophoresis)(Iontophoresis)
• Russian CurrentsRussian Currents• Interferential Currents Interferential Currents • Low-Volt Currents Low-Volt Currents
(Iontophoresis)(Iontophoresis)
Electrical Stimulating CurrentsElectrical Stimulating CurrentsElectrical Stimulating CurrentsElectrical Stimulating Currents
• Used Primarily For– Pain Modulation– Muscle Contraction– To Create Ion Movement
• Used Primarily For– Pain Modulation– Muscle Contraction– To Create Ion Movement
What Can Electrical Stimulating What Can Electrical Stimulating Currents Be Used For?Currents Be Used For?
What Can Electrical Stimulating What Can Electrical Stimulating Currents Be Used For?Currents Be Used For?
• Pain Modulation– Stimulation of sensory cutaneous nerves (Gate
Control) at high frequency i.e. TENS– Production of B-endorphins at lower frequency
i.e. Electroacutherapy
• Pain Modulation– Stimulation of sensory cutaneous nerves (Gate
Control) at high frequency i.e. TENS– Production of B-endorphins at lower frequency
i.e. Electroacutherapy
What Can Electrical Stimulating What Can Electrical Stimulating Currents Be Used For?Currents Be Used For?
What Can Electrical Stimulating What Can Electrical Stimulating Currents Be Used For?Currents Be Used For?
• Producing Muscle Contraction, Relaxation, And Tetany– Depends On Type Of Current
• Alternating (AC)• Direct (DC)• Polyphasic (Interferential)
– Depends On Frequency (Russian Currents)
• Producing Muscle Contraction, Relaxation, And Tetany– Depends On Type Of Current
• Alternating (AC)• Direct (DC)• Polyphasic (Interferential)
– Depends On Frequency (Russian Currents)
Therapeutic Uses Of Electrically Induced Muscle Contraction
Therapeutic Uses Of Electrically Induced Muscle Contraction
• Muscle Re-education– Biofeedback
• Uses Surface EMG To Measure, Process, And Feedback Reinforcing Information Via Auditory Or Visual Signals
• Helps Athlete Develop Greater Voluntary Control In Terms Of Either Neuromuscular Relaxation Or Muscle Re-education
• Muscle Re-education– Biofeedback
• Uses Surface EMG To Measure, Process, And Feedback Reinforcing Information Via Auditory Or Visual Signals
• Helps Athlete Develop Greater Voluntary Control In Terms Of Either Neuromuscular Relaxation Or Muscle Re-education
Therapeutic Uses Of Electrically Therapeutic Uses Of Electrically Induced Muscle ContractionInduced Muscle Contraction
Therapeutic Uses Of Electrically Therapeutic Uses Of Electrically Induced Muscle ContractionInduced Muscle Contraction
• Muscle Re-education
• Muscle Pumping Contractions To Reduce Edema
• Retardation Of Atrophy
• Muscle Strengthening
• Increasing Range Of Motion
• Muscle Re-education
• Muscle Pumping Contractions To Reduce Edema
• Retardation Of Atrophy
• Muscle Strengthening
• Increasing Range Of Motion
What Can Electrical Stimulating What Can Electrical Stimulating Currents Be Used For?Currents Be Used For?
What Can Electrical Stimulating What Can Electrical Stimulating Currents Be Used For?Currents Be Used For?
• Facilitating Soft Tissue And Bone Healing Through Biostimulative Effects– Subsensory Microamperage Currents (LIS)
• Facilitating Soft Tissue And Bone Healing Through Biostimulative Effects– Subsensory Microamperage Currents (LIS)
What Can Electrical Stimulating What Can Electrical Stimulating Currents Be Used For?Currents Be Used For?
What Can Electrical Stimulating What Can Electrical Stimulating Currents Be Used For?Currents Be Used For?
• Producing a Net Movement Of Ions Through The Use Of Continuous Low-voltage Currents That Elicit A Chemical Change In The Tissues (Iontophoresis)
• Producing a Net Movement Of Ions Through The Use Of Continuous Low-voltage Currents That Elicit A Chemical Change In The Tissues (Iontophoresis)
Shortwave And Microwave Diathermy
Shortwave And Microwave Diathermy
DiathermyDiathermyDiathermyDiathermy• High Frequency
Electromagnetic Energy
• Cannot Depolarize Nerve or Muscle
• Both SWD and MWD Used Primarily To Generate Heat In The Tissues
• SWD Also Used For Nonthermal Effects
• High Frequency Electromagnetic Energy
• Cannot Depolarize Nerve or Muscle
• Both SWD and MWD Used Primarily To Generate Heat In The Tissues
• SWD Also Used For Nonthermal Effects
Shortwave DiathermyShortwave DiathermyShortwave DiathermyShortwave Diathermy
• Generators Induce Magnetic And/Or Electrical Fields
• May Be Either Continuous Or Pulsed– Continuous SWD Produces High Frequency
Vibration Of Molecules In Tissues Generating Heat
– Pulsed SWD Causes Repolarization In Damaged Cells Correcting Dysfunction
• Generators Induce Magnetic And/Or Electrical Fields
• May Be Either Continuous Or Pulsed– Continuous SWD Produces High Frequency
Vibration Of Molecules In Tissues Generating Heat
– Pulsed SWD Causes Repolarization In Damaged Cells Correcting Dysfunction
When Should Diathermy Be Used?
When Should Diathermy Be Used?
• If The Skin Or Some Underlying Soft Tissue Is Tender And Will Not Tolerate Pressure
• In Areas Where Subcutaneous Fat Is Thick And Deep Heating Is Required– Pulsed SWD Produces The Same Magnitude And
Depth Of Muscle Heating as 1MHz Ultrasound (Draper, JAT 1997)
• When The Treatment Goal Is To Increase Tissue Temperatures In A Large Area
• If The Skin Or Some Underlying Soft Tissue Is Tender And Will Not Tolerate Pressure
• In Areas Where Subcutaneous Fat Is Thick And Deep Heating Is Required– Pulsed SWD Produces The Same Magnitude And
Depth Of Muscle Heating as 1MHz Ultrasound (Draper, JAT 1997)
• When The Treatment Goal Is To Increase Tissue Temperatures In A Large Area
InfraredInfrared ModalitiesInfraredInfrared Modalities
• Cold = Cryotherapy
• Heat = Thermotherapy
• Cold = Cryotherapy
• Heat = Thermotherapy
CryotherapyCryotherapy
What Should Cryotherapy Be Used For?
What Should Cryotherapy Be Used For?
• To Decrease Local Temperature
• To Decrease Local Metabolism
• To Decrease Blood Flow (Vasoconstriction)
• To Decrease Venous And Lymphatic Flow
• To Decrease Nerve Conduction Velocity
• To Decrease Muscle Excitability
• Analgesia
• To Decrease Local Temperature
• To Decrease Local Metabolism
• To Decrease Blood Flow (Vasoconstriction)
• To Decrease Venous And Lymphatic Flow
• To Decrease Nerve Conduction Velocity
• To Decrease Muscle Excitability
• Analgesia
Cryotherapy TechniquesCryotherapy Techniques
• Ice Bags or Ice PacksIce Bags or Ice Packs• Ice Bags or Ice PacksIce Bags or Ice Packs
Cryotherapy TechniquesCryotherapy Techniques
• Ice Bags or Ice PacksIce Bags or Ice Packs• Ice MassageIce Massage
• Ice Bags or Ice PacksIce Bags or Ice Packs• Ice MassageIce Massage
Cryotherapy TechniquesCryotherapy Techniques
• Ice Bags or Ice PacksIce Bags or Ice Packs• Ice MassageIce Massage• Fluori-methane Fluori-methane
(Spray and Stretch)(Spray and Stretch)
• Ice Bags or Ice PacksIce Bags or Ice Packs• Ice MassageIce Massage• Fluori-methane Fluori-methane
(Spray and Stretch)(Spray and Stretch)
Cryotherapy TechniquesCryotherapy Techniques
• Ice Bags or Ice PacksIce Bags or Ice Packs• Ice MassageIce Massage• Fluori-methane Fluori-methane
(Spray and Stretch)(Spray and Stretch)• Contrast BathContrast Bath
• Ice Bags or Ice PacksIce Bags or Ice Packs• Ice MassageIce Massage• Fluori-methane Fluori-methane
(Spray and Stretch)(Spray and Stretch)• Contrast BathContrast Bath
ThermotherapyThermotherapy
What Should Thermotherapy Be Used For?
What Should Thermotherapy Be Used For?
• To Increase Local Temperature• To Increase Local Metabolism• To Increase Blood Flow (Vasodilation)• To Increase Venous And Lymphatic Drainage• To Increase Elasticity of Muscles & Ligaments• To Increase Nerve Conduction Velocity• To Increase Muscle Excitability• Analgesia
• To Increase Local Temperature• To Increase Local Metabolism• To Increase Blood Flow (Vasodilation)• To Increase Venous And Lymphatic Drainage• To Increase Elasticity of Muscles & Ligaments• To Increase Nerve Conduction Velocity• To Increase Muscle Excitability• Analgesia
Thermotherapy TechniquesThermotherapy TechniquesThermotherapy TechniquesThermotherapy Techniques
• Hydrocollator PacksHydrocollator Packs• Hydrocollator PacksHydrocollator Packs
Thermotherapy TechniquesThermotherapy TechniquesThermotherapy TechniquesThermotherapy Techniques
• Hydrocollator PacksHydrocollator Packs• WhirlpoolsWhirlpools
• Hydrocollator PacksHydrocollator Packs• WhirlpoolsWhirlpools
Thermotherapy TechniquesThermotherapy TechniquesThermotherapy TechniquesThermotherapy Techniques
• Hydrocollator PacksHydrocollator Packs• WhirlpoolsWhirlpools• Paraffin BathsParaffin Baths
• Hydrocollator PacksHydrocollator Packs• WhirlpoolsWhirlpools• Paraffin BathsParaffin Baths
Thermotherapy TechniquesThermotherapy TechniquesThermotherapy TechniquesThermotherapy Techniques
• Hydrocollator PacksHydrocollator Packs• WhirlpoolsWhirlpools• Paraffin BathsParaffin Baths• FluidotherapyFluidotherapy
• Hydrocollator PacksHydrocollator Packs• WhirlpoolsWhirlpools• Paraffin BathsParaffin Baths• FluidotherapyFluidotherapy
Ultraviolet Light TherapyUltraviolet Light Therapy
What Can Ultraviolet Therapy Be Used For?
What Can Ultraviolet Therapy Be Used For?
• Causes Chemical Changes In Skin That Have A Bactericidal Effect
• Effects Are Primarily Superficial In Nature (<2mm)
• To Treat A Variety Of Skin Lesions Including Acne, Folliculitis, Pityriasis, Tinea, Septic Wounds
• Seldom Used In Treatment Because Of Availability Of Topical Agents
• Causes Chemical Changes In Skin That Have A Bactericidal Effect
• Effects Are Primarily Superficial In Nature (<2mm)
• To Treat A Variety Of Skin Lesions Including Acne, Folliculitis, Pityriasis, Tinea, Septic Wounds
• Seldom Used In Treatment Because Of Availability Of Topical Agents
LASER TherapyLASER Therapy
What Are Low-Power Lasers Used For?
What Are Low-Power Lasers Used For?
• Helium-Neon (HeNe) & Gallium-Arsenide (GaAs)
• Produces No Thermal Effects
• Soft-tissue And Fracture Healing
• Pain Management
• Not Approved By FDA For Therapeutic Use
• Helium-Neon (HeNe) & Gallium-Arsenide (GaAs)
• Produces No Thermal Effects
• Soft-tissue And Fracture Healing
• Pain Management
• Not Approved By FDA For Therapeutic Use
Magnet TherapyMagnet Therapy
Magnet TherapyMagnet Therapy
• Despite Popularity No One Really Knows How They Work!!
• Generally Thought To Be Safe
• Despite Popularity No One Really Knows How They Work!!
• Generally Thought To Be Safe
What Are Magnets Used For?What Are Magnets Used For?
• Pain Modulation
• Facilitate Strength
• Explanations– Increased Circulation– Increased Temperature– Changes In pH– Reestablishing Normal Polarity Within The
Injured Cell
• Pain Modulation
• Facilitate Strength
• Explanations– Increased Circulation– Increased Temperature– Changes In pH– Reestablishing Normal Polarity Within The
Injured Cell
Therapeutic UltrasoundTherapeutic Ultrasound
Unlike Other Modalities Ultrasound Is Acoustic Energy
Unlike Other Modalities Ultrasound Is Acoustic Energy
UltrasoundUltrasound
• Frequently Classified With Diathermy As A “Deep Heating” Modality
• Mechanical Vibration• Sound Wave Trans-
formed From High Frequency Electrical Energy
• Frequently Classified With Diathermy As A “Deep Heating” Modality
• Mechanical Vibration• Sound Wave Trans-
formed From High Frequency Electrical Energy
Acoustic EnergyAcoustic Energy
• Cannot Travel Through Space
• Relies On Molecular Collision For Transmission
• More Dense Medium = Higher Velocity Of Travel
• Depth Of Penetration Greater Than Any Form Of Electromagnetic Energy
• Cannot Travel Through Space
• Relies On Molecular Collision For Transmission
• More Dense Medium = Higher Velocity Of Travel
• Depth Of Penetration Greater Than Any Form Of Electromagnetic Energy
What Should Ultrasound Be Used For?
What Should Ultrasound Be Used For?
• Thermal Effects Particularly In Deeper Tissues
• Non-Thermal Effects
– To Enhance Healing At Cellular Level
• Thermal Effects Particularly In Deeper Tissues
• Non-Thermal Effects
– To Enhance Healing At Cellular Level
Mechanical ModalitiesMechanical Modalities
Intermittent CompressionIntermittent Compression
Intermittent CompressionIntermittent Compression
• Mechanical Units That Create External Pressure
• Facilitates Venous And Lymphatic Reabsorbtion Of Edema
• Helps Decrease Pain & Increase ROM
• Mechanical Units That Create External Pressure
• Facilitates Venous And Lymphatic Reabsorbtion Of Edema
• Helps Decrease Pain & Increase ROM
TractionTraction
What Should Traction Be Used For?
What Should Traction Be Used For?
• To Treat A Variety Of Cervical And Lumbar Spine Problems
– Creates Separation Of Vertebrae
– Alters Proprioceptive Discharge Of Spine
– Stretches Connective Tissue
– Stretches Muscle
– Improves Blood And Lymphatic Flow
– Decreases Pressure On Disk
• To Treat A Variety Of Cervical And Lumbar Spine Problems
– Creates Separation Of Vertebrae
– Alters Proprioceptive Discharge Of Spine
– Stretches Connective Tissue
– Stretches Muscle
– Improves Blood And Lymphatic Flow
– Decreases Pressure On Disk
Traction TechniquesTraction Techniques
• Manual TractionManual Traction• Manual TractionManual Traction
Traction TechniquesTraction Techniques
• Manual TractionManual Traction• Traction MachinesTraction Machines
• Manual TractionManual Traction• Traction MachinesTraction Machines
Traction TechniquesTraction Techniques
• Manual TractionManual Traction• Traction MachinesTraction Machines• Wall-Mounted Wall-Mounted
TractionTraction
• Manual TractionManual Traction• Traction MachinesTraction Machines• Wall-Mounted Wall-Mounted
TractionTraction
Traction TechniquesTraction Techniques
• Manual TractionManual Traction• Traction MachinesTraction Machines• Wall-Mounted Wall-Mounted
TractionTraction• Inversion TractionInversion Traction
• Manual TractionManual Traction• Traction MachinesTraction Machines• Wall-Mounted Wall-Mounted
TractionTraction• Inversion TractionInversion Traction
Massage TechniquesMassage Techniques
MassageMassage
• Many Massage Techniques– Hoffa Massage– Acupressure/Shiatsu– Connective Tissue– Myofascial Release– Rolfing– Trager
• Many Massage Techniques– Hoffa Massage– Acupressure/Shiatsu– Connective Tissue– Myofascial Release– Rolfing– Trager
What Should Massage Be Used For?
What Should Massage Be Used For?
• Massage Has Effects On:– Circulation And
Lymphatic Flow– Nervous System– Muscles– Myofascia
• Massage Has Effects On:– Circulation And
Lymphatic Flow– Nervous System– Muscles– Myofascia
– Skin– Scar Tissue– Psychological
Responses– Relaxation– Pain
– Skin– Scar Tissue– Psychological
Responses– Relaxation– Pain