The Science of Psychology. What is something you believe to be true? How did you arrive at that...
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Transcript of The Science of Psychology. What is something you believe to be true? How did you arrive at that...
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The Science of PsychologyThe Science of Psychology
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What is something you believe to be true?
How did you arrive at that belief?
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Ways to Acquire KnowledgeWays to Acquire Knowledge Tenacity
Acceptance of knowledge because it has been repeated
Authority Acceptance of knowledge from
authorities
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Ways to Acquire KnowledgeWays to Acquire Knowledge Reason and Logic
Start with an assumption Logically deduce consequences based on
that assumption Experience
Gaining knowledge through direct experience
EmpiricismEmpiricism
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Ways to Acquire KnowledgeWays to Acquire Knowledge Science
Way of thinking about and observing the universe to learn truth
Determinism Discoverability
How does science solve the problems associated with other ways of acquiring knowledge?
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Characteristics of the Scientific Characteristics of the Scientific MethodMethod
Objectivity Empirical observation; quantifiable
measurements Confirmation of Findings
Replication: Others can repeat procedures to confirm original results
Peer Review: Process by which a paper is published after being critiqued by other scientists
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Characteristics of the Scientific Characteristics of the Scientific MethodMethod
Self-Correction Errors and faulty reasoning should be
corrected as they are discovered Falsifiability
Control Accounting for or preventing the effect
of unwanted factors Direct manipulation of factors of major
interest to determine their effects
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PseudosciencePseudoscience Associates with true science
Anecdotal evidence
Sidesteps disproof
Reductionistic
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Research MethodsResearch Methods
Nonexperimental Methods: Archival research Naturalistic
observation Surveys Case studies Correlational
research Experimental Method
Advantages Describe and
predict behavior Useful when ethical
considerations prevent true experimentation
Causality
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Experimentation in a NutshellExperimentation in a Nutshell Variable:Variable: Event or behavior that can assume at least
two values
Independent Variable (IV) The variable the experimenter manipulates
Physiological Experience Environmental Participant characteristics are often treated as IVs
Dependent Variable (DV) The variable that is measured
Can be measured lots of ways: Number correct Frequency Amount Duration
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Experimental ResearchExperimental Research For an experiment, you need at least
two conditions: Treatment condition
They receive the manipulation you created Control condition
They do not receive your manipulation
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Manipulation, Comparison,Manipulation, Comparison,and Controland Control
IVMusic
No Music
DV
Heart Rate