20060217-9470_CCH_large.jpg USGS hvo.wrgs/kilauea/update/archive
The Science of Prediction Monitoring Volcanic...
Transcript of The Science of Prediction Monitoring Volcanic...
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The Science of PredictionMonitoring Volcanic Activity
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Ground Deformation
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Monitoring Mount St. Helens
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Signs of Volcanic Activity
• Eruption history
• Volcanic gas emission
• Heat and hydrothermal activity
• Earthquakes
• Ground deformation –uplift and / or sinking
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Monitoring
Scientists use tools, many of which can be set up and left, to monitor volcanoes.
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Monitoring
Instruments radio their data to a field station or volcano observatory.
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Eruption History
Lava flows
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Eruption History
Lava flows on a map -Kilauea historical lava flows 1983 -2014
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Eruption History
Lava flows - Kilauea 2018• May 3-4th, Earthquakes ranging from 5.0-6.9
magnitude struck the main island.11 new fissures opened up on the island, spewing slow-
moving lava. The lava lake was also reported to be dropping, moving
closer to water belowNeighborhoods and the National Park were evacuated
• May 17th, Kilauea erupts• May 21st, lava from the eruption reaches the Pacific
Ocean
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Eruption History
Pyroclastic flows
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Eruption History
Hydrothermal explosions
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Volcanic Gases
Gas emissions
Vesicular basalt
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Volcanic Gases
Steam plume
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Volcanic Gases
Collecting gas samples
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Volcanic Gases
• Death by gases
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Volcanic Gases
Rate of SO2 emission, Mount St. Helens
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Heat and Hydrothermal Activity
5
2
3
41 1
Plumbing ofhydrothermal systems
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Earthquakes
Formation of earthquakes by rising magma
Magma rises into reservoir beneath volcano
Rising magma and volcanic gases exert pressure
High pressure causes breaks rocks, triggering earthquakes
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Earthquakes
Detecting earthquakes
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Earthquakes
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Ground Deformation
Satellite measurement of ground deformation 1996 to 2000
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Ground Deformation
Measuring ground deformation
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Ground Deformation
Deformation at Mount St. Helens
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The Science of Prediction
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Your Task
• You will begin as part of one of three research teams Eruption history, hydrothermal activity, seismic activity
• You will then split up and join with other members of the research team to form a project team studying ground deformation data.
• Your team’s goal: use the information you learn as well as Google Earth technology to decide the most appropriate place to build a new research center in Yellowstone National Park Consider geologic impacts, environmental regulations, tourism, etc
• Accomplishing this task over the next two weeks will earn you 30 points towards your lab grade.
• The winning proposal, as voted on by other classes, will earn 20 extra credit points towards your quiz grade.