The Science of Chemistry
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Transcript of The Science of Chemistry
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The Science of Chemistry
Chapter 1, part B
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I. What is chemistry?A. Deals with the _______________ of
matterB. Physical states
1. ____________2. ____________3. ____________4. (___________)
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C. Chemical reactions1. Describe how __________ behaves
1. NaOH + HCl H2O + NaCl________ __________
2. Energy in reactions1. ___________ – energy is absorbed, and the
reaction feels cold2. ___________ – energy is released, and the
reaction feels warm
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D. Properties1. ________ – can be observed without
changing the substance2. ___________ – can only be observed by
chemical changeE. Changes
1. ________ – does not change the properties of the substance
2. _______ – changes the substance both chemically and physically
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Signs of chemical change1. Evolution of a _______ 2. Formation of a __________________ 3. The evolution of or absorption of
_________4. The emission of _______________5. A ___________ change
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II. What is matter?A. Anything that has
_____________________B. How do mass and weight differ?
1. mass is the ________________ in an object2. weight is the ____________on the mass of an object.
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III. What is the nature of matter?
A. ______________1. _________________of which all things
are made2. It would take nearly ________to form a
line 1 mm long!B. ______________
1. The more than ________ types of atoms2. Each has a unique set of
___________________________________________________________
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3. Each has a ______________________a. this symbol may be
_______letters in lengthb. the first letter is always
________________.C. _____________________
1. Two or more atoms combined in a ___________
2. Atoms may be of the ______________________
_________________________________________D. ______________
1. One of a number of different molecular forms of an elementEx.
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IV. How is matter classified?
A. ___________ – pure substances composed of atoms of ______________________elements
1. ____________ compounds – smallest particle is a molecule
2. ____________ compounds – composed of ions
1. ________________________________________________________________________________________
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3. __________ – a group of compounds w/ certain chemical properties
________________________________________________________________________________________________4. ___________ - a group of compounds w/ certain chemical properties (mostly opposite those of ______)
________________________________________________________________________________________________
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B. Organic or inorganic1. _____________ – contains ___________2. _____________ – does not contain
________C. Formulas
1. ___________ – _______________ a. Shows the ___of atoms but _____ how
they’re bonded2. ________ – shows the ____ of atoms
_____ how they’re bonded3. ____________– shows __________
arrangement4. __________ - also shows geometric
arrangement and most closely represents the ______________
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Formulas
__________ __________ __________
__________
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D. _________ – a collection of two or more pure substances ____________ mixed together
1. ________ – _____ mixture (18-karat gold, bronze)
2. _________ – components are ______ distributed (a solution is the best example of this type of mixture)
3. ________________– components are _________ distributed
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Matter
____________
___________ ___________
___________
___________
________ ________
____________
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E. How to distinguish mixtures and compounds
A. The properties of a mixture _______ properties of the substances of which it is composed.
B. Compounds often have __________________ to the elements of which they are composed.
C. Compounds have a ___________ composition by mass
D. Mixtures have ____________ composition
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Mixtures
Homogeneous
Components are _______
distributed
Properties are the ______
throughout
Heterogeneous
Components are _______
distributed
Properties are
__________ throughout
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Science StarterYou have 10 bags with 1000 coins
each. In one of the bags, all coins are forgeries. A true coin weighs 1 gram; each counterfeit coin weighs 1.1 gram. If you have an accurate scale, which you can use only once, how can you identify the bag with the forgeries? And what if you didn't know how many bags contained counterfeit coins?