The Saigon CTT Semester 1 CHAPTER 5 Le Chi Trung.

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

Semester 1Semester 1

CHAPTER 5CHAPTER 5

Le Chi TrungLe Chi Trung

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

ContentContent

• Most common LAN media

• Making cable - LAB

• Layer 1 components and devices

• Collisions and collision domains

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

ScheduleSchedule

No Name Est time No Name15-May Chapter 4 Online Exam

5.1 The most common media 0:30:005.2 Cable specifications and termination 0:30:00

17-May 5.4 Layer 1 components and devices 0:30:005.3 The process of maring and testing cables 5.3.1 Basic Cable Tester

5.3.2 Straight-Thru Cable5.3.3 Rollover Cable5.3.4 Crossover Cable5.3.5 Cable Tester - Wire Map5.3.6 Straight-Thru Cable5.3.7 Cable Tester – Length

19-May 5.5 Collisions and collision domains in shared layer 1:00:005.6 The basic topologies used in networking 0:30:00

Summary Chapter 5 0:30:0022-May Chapter 5 Online Exam

DayLesson Lab

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

MOST COMMON LAN MEDIAMOST COMMON LAN MEDIA

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

Shielded twisted-pair (STP)Shielded twisted-pair (STP)

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

Shielded twisted-pair (STP)Shielded twisted-pair (STP)

• Protection from all types of external interference, include EMI and RFI.

• Cancellation: twisting of wires.

• Shielding.

• More expensive.

• Maximum cable length 100m.

• 150Ω for Token ring.

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

Unshielded twisted-pair (UTP)Unshielded twisted-pair (UTP)

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T


• Cancellation: twisted wire pairs.

• More prone to EMI/RFI than any other cable.

• Least expensive of all media, small diameter of cable, easy to install.


• 100Ω for Ethernet.

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T


Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

Screened Twisted-pair (ScTP – FTP)Screened Twisted-pair (ScTP – FTP)

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

Screened Twisted-pair (ScTP – FTP)Screened Twisted-pair (ScTP – FTP)

• Hybrid of UTP with STP.



Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

Coaxial CableCoaxial Cable

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T


• Technology is well known (Cable TV).

• The shield can help reduce the amount of outside interference.

• Longer cable runs than UTP & STP.

• Maximum cable length :

– Thin cable : 185 m.

– Thick cable : 500 m.


Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T


Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

Fiber Optic CableFiber Optic Cable

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T


• Medium capable of light transmissions.

• Higher data rates (>100Mbps).

• NO EMI and RFI.

• Very expensive.

• Difficult to install.

• Maximum cable length :

– Single Mode : 3000 m.

– Multi Mode : 2000 m.

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T


Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

Single mode and multi modeSingle mode and multi mode

• Single: Light to travel in a straight line.

• Multi: Light to travel multiple paths.

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

Wireless CommunicationWireless Communication

• No wires.

• Challenges : – Distance.

– Obstacle.

– Bandwidth allocation.

– Security.

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

Electromagnetic CalculatorElectromagnetic Calculator

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

MovieMovie

Fiber Optic

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

Media specificationsMedia specifications

ISO: International Standards Organization.

IEEE:Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers.

UL: Underwriters Laboratories.

EIA: Electronic Industries Alliance.

TIA: Telecommunications Industry Association.

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

StandardStandard

• Standards are sets of rules or procedures that are either widely used, or officially specified.

• The OSI model standards ensured compatibility and interoperability between the various types of network technologies that were produced by the many companies around the world.

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

Cable and wiring cable standardCable and wiring cable standard

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

TIA/EIA-568-A: TIA/EIA-568-A: StandardStandard

Telecommunications cabling standard:

• Horizontal cabling.

• Telecommunications closets.

• Backbone cabling.

• Equipment rooms.

• Work areas.

• Entrance facilities.

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

TIA/EIA-568-A: TIA/EIA-568-A: TerminologiesTerminologies

• We will focus on standards for data horizontal cabling.

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

TIA/EIA-568-A:TIA/EIA-568-A: Twisted-pair cablesTwisted-pair cables

• Category 1 is used for telephone and is not suitable for transmitting data.

• Category 2 is capable of transmitting data at speeds up to 4 Mbps.

• Category 3 is used in Ethernet, and can transmit data at speeds up to 10 Mbps.

• Category 4 is used in Token Ring, and can transmit data at speeds up to 16 Mbps.

• Category 5 can transmit data at speeds up to 100 Mbps.

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

TIA/EIA-568-A:TIA/EIA-568-A: Horizontal cablingHorizontal cabling

Two cables at each work area:

• Voice:

– Unshielded twisted-pair, UTP cable.

• Data:

– Shielded twisted-pair, STP cable.

– Unshielded twisted-pair, UTP cable.

– Filer-optic cable.

– Coaxial cable.

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

TIA/EIA-568-A:TIA/EIA-568-A: PurposePurpose

• To specify a generic telecommunications cabling system.

• To provide direction for the design of telecommunications equipment and cabling products.

• To enable the planning and installation of the structured cable system, that is capable of supporting diverse telecom.

• To establish technical criteria for various types of cable and connecting hardware.

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

ReviewReview

• Types of networking media may be used to connect computers.

• TIA/EIA-568-A is the most widely used standards.

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

MAKING CABLE - LABMAKING CABLE - LAB

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

Making cablesMaking cables

• Making Ethernet 10Base-T cables:

– Straight-thru cable: PC-to-HUB.

– Crossover cable: PC-to-PC.

• Making console cables:

– Rollover cable:

• Serial port-to-console port of Cisco equipments.

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

10Base-T:10Base-T: NICNIC network port network port

1: Transmit

2: Transmit

3: Receive

4: Not used

5: Not used

6: Receive

7: Not used

8: Not used

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

10Base-T:10Base-T: HUBHUB network port network port

1: Receive

2: Receive

3: Transmit

4: Not used

5: Not used

6: Transmit

7: Not used

8: Not used

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

10Base-T: 10Base-T: T568-BT568-B

1: White Orange

2: Orange

3: White Green

4: Blue

5: White Blue

6: Green

7: White Brown

8: Brown

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

10Base-T: 10Base-T: T568-AT568-A

1: White Green

2: Green

3: White Orange

4: Blue

5: White Blue

6: Orange

7: White Brown

8: Brown

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

10Base-T: 10Base-T: Straight-thru cableStraight-thru cable

1: White Orange

2: Orange

3: White Green

4: Blue

5: White Blue

6: Green

7: White Brown

8: Brown

1: White Orange

2: Orange

3: White Green

4: Blue

5: White Blue

6: Green

7: White Brown

8: Brown

PC HUB

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

10Base-T: 10Base-T: Crossover cableCrossover cable

1: White Green

2: Green

3: White Orange

4: Blue

5: White Blue

6: Orange

7: White Brown

8: Brown

1: White Orange

2: Orange

3: White Green

4: Blue

5: White Blue

6: Green

7: White Brown

8: Brown

PC PC

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

10Base-T: 10Base-T: Cut a length of cableCut a length of cable

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

10Base-T: 10Base-T: Strip off the jacketStrip off the jacket

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

10Base-T: 10Base-T: Separate the wiresSeparate the wires

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

10Base-T: 10Base-T: Untwist the wiresUntwist the wires

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

10Base-T: 10Base-T: Organize and flatten wiresOrganize and flatten wires

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

10Base-T: 10Base-T: Clip the wiresClip the wires

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

10Base-T: 10Base-T: Insert wires into RJ-45 plugInsert wires into RJ-45 plug

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

10Base-T: 10Base-T: Push the wires inPush the wires in

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

10Base-T: 10Base-T: Inspect the color codeInspect the color code

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

10Base-T: 10Base-T: Crimp down the wiresCrimp down the wires

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

10Base-T: 10Base-T: Inspect both endsInspect both ends

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

10Base-T: 10Base-T: Test the quality of cableTest the quality of cable

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

Preparation for LABPreparation for LAB

• 5.3.2: Straight-through cable.

• 5.3.3: Crossover cable.

• 5.3.5: Cable tester – wire map.

• Lab companion:

– 5.3.2.

– 5.3.3.

– 5.3.5.

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

ReviewReview

• Making 10Base-T straight-thru cable.

• Making 10Base-T crossover cable.

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

LAYER 1 LAYER 1

COMPONENTS AND DEVICESCOMPONENTS AND DEVICES

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

Ethernet, a LAN technology Ethernet, a LAN technology

10Base-2: 50Ω Thin cable, 185m.

10Base-5: 50Ω Thick cable, 500m.

10Base-T: 100Ω UTP cable, 100m.

10Base-F: Fiber optic cable, 1000m.

100Base-TX: 100Ω UTP/STP cable, 100m.

100Base-T4: 100Ω UTP (4p) cable, 100m.

100Base-FX: Fiber optic cable, 400m.

1000Base-T: 100Ω UTP/STP cable, 100m.

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

Ethernet 10Base-T Ethernet 10Base-T

• The Ethernet 10Base-T technologies carry Ethernet frames on twisted-pair wirings.

• The Ethernet 10Base-T cables are terminated with RJ-45 connectors.

• The Ethernet 10Base-T technologies use HUB as concentrator.

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

10Base-T: 10Base-T: Layer 1 componentsLayer 1 components

• Passive components:– Cables

– Patch panels

– Plugs

– Jacks

• Active components:– Transceivers

– Repeaters

– Hubs

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

10Base-T:10Base-T: CAT5 cables CAT5 cables

• The 10Base-T standard cable.

• UTP cable.

• The twisting of wires limits interference.

• Maximum length 100m.

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

10Base-T:10Base-T: CAT5 cables CAT5 cables

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

10Base-T:10Base-T: RJ-45 plugs RJ-45 plugs

• Connector, Terminator.

• Standard 10Base-T terminator is the RJ-45 plugs (Registered Jack 45).

• Similar to phone plug except the RJ-45 has 8 pins instead of 4 pins.

• Reduces noise, reflection & mechanical stability problems.

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

10Base-T:10Base-T: RJ-45 plugs RJ-45 plugs

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

10Base-T:10Base-T: RJ-45 jacks RJ-45 jacks

• RJ-45 Jacks have 8 conductors that match the RJ-45 plugs.

• On the other side of the RJ-45 jack is a punch down block where wires are separated out.

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

10Base-T:10Base-T: RJ-45 jacks RJ-45 jacks

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

10Base-T:10Base-T: Patch panels Patch panels

• Patch panels are used to group a work area’s connections.

• One side has a place for each RJ-45 plug.

• The back side has punch down blocks that provide connectivity.

• Rack mounted.

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

10Base-T:10Base-T: Patch panels Patch panels

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

10Base-T:10Base-T: Transceiver Transceiver

• Transceiver is an short for transmitter and receiver.

• Transceivers are media converters:

– RJ-45 – AUI.

– RJ-45 – BNC.

– RJ-45 – Optical.

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

10Base-T:10Base-T: Transceiver Transceiver

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

10Base-T:10Base-T: Repeater Repeater

• Regenerates signals:

– Enables cables to extend farther to reach longer distances.

– Increase number of nodes that can be connected to a network.

• Cannot filter traffic.

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

10Base-T:10Base-T: Hub Hub

• Multi port repeater.

• Allows many devices to be inter-connected.

• Center of a star topology network.

• Cannot filter traffic.

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

10Base-T:10Base-T: Hub Hub

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

ReviewReview

• All of layer 1 devices:

– Create or act on the bits.

– Recognize no frame, no address, no data.

• Many network problems are traceable to bad RJ-45 terminations, jacks, punch-downs, repeaters, hubs, or transceivers.

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

COLLISIONS COLLISIONS

AND AND

COLLISION DOMAINSCOLLISION DOMAINS

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

Types of NetworksTypes of Networks

Shared media environment

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

Types of NetworksTypes of Networks

Packet switching vs. Circuit switching

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

CollisionsCollisions

• More than one node attempts to transmit at the same time.

• Collisions occur in broadcast topology:– Ethernet LAN technology.

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

CollisionsCollisions

• A collision happens when two bit are on a point of media at the same time.

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

Ethernet technology: Ethernet technology: Collision DetectCollision Detect

• Allow only one data packet to access the cable at any one time.

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

Collisions domainCollisions domain

• Collision Domains are the area where collisions occur.

• Layer 1 devices will not solve collision problems.

• Layer 1 devices simply extend collision domains.

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

Collisions domain: Collisions domain: Share accessShare access

• Limits the number of computers

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

Collisions domain: Collisions domain: RepeaterRepeater

• Propagate collisions

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

Collisions domain: Collisions domain: HUBHUB

• Propagate collisions

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

Collisions domainCollisions domain

• All of layer 1 interconnections are part of the collision domain.

• Extending a network with a repeater or a hub, results in a larger collision domain.

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

4 repeater rule4 repeater rule

• Ethernet technology.

• No more than 4 repeaters or hubs can be between any two computers on collision domain.

• Maximum round trip time:

– Max RTT = 512 bit time = 51.2s.

• Max RTT = wait for next transmission.

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

4 repeater rule4 repeater rule

• 5.4.3.2.1 Rule

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

5-4-3-2-1 rule5-4-3-2-1 rule

• 5 sections of the network.

• 4 repeaters or hubs.

• 3 sections of the network are "mixing" sections (with hosts).

• 2 sections are link sections (for link purposes).

• 1 large collision domain.

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

Collision Domain SegmentationCollision Domain Segmentation

• Layer 1 devices will not segment a collision domain. Why?

• Segmentation is the process of dividing a collision domain into two or more collision domains.

• The only way to segment a collision domain is to use a device that can filter network traffic.

• What devices are capable of filtering?

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

Segmenting Collision DomainSegmenting Collision Domain

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

Packet Flow: Packet Flow: Layer 2 DeviceLayer 2 Device

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

Packet Flow:Packet Flow: Layer 3 Device Layer 3 Device

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

Segmenting Collision DomainSegmenting Collision Domain

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

Teaching TopologyTeaching Topology

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

Basic TopologiesBasic Topologies

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

TopologiesTopologies

• Mathematical perspective– Map of node and links

• Physical perspective– Plan for wiring the physical devices

• Logical perspective– How information flows through a network

Homework

Th

e S

aig

on

CT

T

ReviewReview

• Collision.

• Collision domain.

• How to separate collision domain.

The Saigon CTT Semester 1 CHAPTER 5 Le Chi Trung.

Documents

Transcript of The Saigon CTT Semester 1 CHAPTER 5 Le Chi Trung.