The Russian The Russian RevolutionRevolution

Effects of WWI on RussiaEffects of WWI on Russia

The War caused massive economic The War caused massive economic problemsproblems– Lacked sufficient food, arms, and roadsLacked sufficient food, arms, and roads

Russian population lost faith in the Russian population lost faith in the czarist regimeczarist regime

The Duma demanded reformsThe Duma demanded reforms Nicholas tried to dissolve the DumaNicholas tried to dissolve the Duma Nicholas lost control of the armyNicholas lost control of the army

Europe During WWIEurope During WWI

February RevolutionFebruary Revolution

Occurred because of lack of food and Occurred because of lack of food and fuel throughout Russiafuel throughout Russia

Many demonstrators began to riotMany demonstrators began to riot When the government tried to put When the government tried to put

down the revolts by using the troops, down the revolts by using the troops, the troops sided with the the troops sided with the demonstrators demonstrators

This event was also known as the This event was also known as the March Revolution because of Russia’s March Revolution because of Russia’s use of the Gregorian calendar use of the Gregorian calendar

February RevolutionFebruary Revolution

Fall of the CzarFall of the Czar Because Nicholas lost control of the Because Nicholas lost control of the

Duma and the Army he had no real Duma and the Army he had no real control left in the countrycontrol left in the country

The Duma refused to disbandThe Duma refused to disband The Russian Army began to side with The Russian Army began to side with

the demonstratorsthe demonstrators Nicholas abdicated his throne in Nicholas abdicated his throne in

March of 1917March of 1917– Nicholas abdicated the throne for AlexeiNicholas abdicated the throne for Alexei

The Russian royal family was taken The Russian royal family was taken prisonerprisoner

Provisional GovernmentProvisional Government

After Nicholas abdicated the Duma After Nicholas abdicated the Duma assumed control of Russiaassumed control of Russia

The Duma was made up of a majority The Duma was made up of a majority of conservative membersof conservative members

Ran the Government until a Ran the Government until a constitutional assembly could be constitutional assembly could be elected to create a constitutionelected to create a constitution

Came to be hated because they Came to be hated because they chose to continue the warchose to continue the war

Lenin and the BolsheviksLenin and the Bolsheviks

Another group working for more Another group working for more radical changesradical changes

The group known as the Petrograd The group known as the Petrograd Soviet of Workers’ and Soldiers’ was Soviet of Workers’ and Soldiers’ was stirring up troublestirring up trouble– Soviet in Russian means CouncilSoviet in Russian means Council– Made up of workers and soldiersMade up of workers and soldiers

This group was headed by people This group was headed by people believing in Socialist ideasbelieving in Socialist ideas– Believed in political and economical Believed in political and economical

equalityequality

The Petrograd SovietThe Petrograd Soviet

The SovietThe Soviet

Within the Soviet there were two Within the Soviet there were two groups, the Mensheviks and the groups, the Mensheviks and the BolsheviksBolsheviks– Mensheviks were a liberal minority group Mensheviks were a liberal minority group

that advocated gradual reform and that advocated gradual reform and opposed the Bolsheviks opposed the Bolsheviks

– Bolsheviks were radicals or revolutionaries Bolsheviks were radicals or revolutionaries who were the radical majority of the Soviet, who were the radical majority of the Soviet, opposed the Mensheviksopposed the Mensheviks

Both fought for power of the SovietBoth fought for power of the Soviet

Vladimir LeninVladimir Lenin

Vladimir LeninVladimir Lenin Lenin was the leader of the Bolshevik Lenin was the leader of the Bolshevik

partyparty Lenin had vowed to avenge his Lenin had vowed to avenge his

brother’s deathbrother’s death– Lenin’s brother was executed for Lenin’s brother was executed for

conspiring to overthrow the Czarconspiring to overthrow the Czar Lenin joined the revolutionary party Lenin joined the revolutionary party

and was exiled for his involvement in and was exiled for his involvement in revolutionary activitiesrevolutionary activities

Was later sent back to Russia by the Was later sent back to Russia by the Germans to weaken the Czars Germans to weaken the Czars support during WWIsupport during WWI

Lenin Cont.Lenin Cont.

Lenin was a Marxist and his ideas Lenin was a Marxist and his ideas formed the basis for communismformed the basis for communism

On November 7, 1917 the Bolsheviks On November 7, 1917 the Bolsheviks overthrew the provisional government overthrew the provisional government and took control of Russiaand took control of Russia

This event is known as the October This event is known as the October Revolution or November RevolutionRevolution or November Revolution

Bolsheviks changed their name to the Bolsheviks changed their name to the Communist PartyCommunist Party

Peace and Civil WarPeace and Civil War

Lenin and the new communist Lenin and the new communist government were desperate for peace government were desperate for peace they signed a treaty with the Central they signed a treaty with the Central PowersPowers– Treaty of Brest-Litovsk gave up a large Treaty of Brest-Litovsk gave up a large

amount of Russian lands to Germanyamount of Russian lands to Germany Lenin then looked to solve Russia’s Lenin then looked to solve Russia’s

problems but supporters of the problems but supporters of the Monarchy revoltedMonarchy revolted

The Russian Civil War broke out pitting The Russian Civil War broke out pitting the Communist/Soviet Reds against the the Communist/Soviet Reds against the supporters of the Monarchy or Whitessupporters of the Monarchy or Whites

Foreign Involvement during the Foreign Involvement during the Russian Civil WarRussian Civil War

Peace and Civil War Cont.Peace and Civil War Cont. The Communist executed the Czar The Communist executed the Czar

and his family to prevent them from and his family to prevent them from falling into the hands of the Whites falling into the hands of the Whites and putting them back in powerand putting them back in power

The Civil War lasted for 3 yearsThe Civil War lasted for 3 years– The allies were angered by the Russians The allies were angered by the Russians

signing a treaty with the Central Powers signing a treaty with the Central Powers and supported the White Armyand supported the White Army

– Even supplied the Whites with weapons, Even supplied the Whites with weapons, troops, and moneytroops, and money

By 1921 the communists had won and By 1921 the communists had won and established the Union of Soviet established the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics or the Soviet unionSocialist Republics or the Soviet union