The Roman Empire Decline of the Republic And Rise of the Empire /.
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Transcript of The Roman Empire Decline of the Republic And Rise of the Empire /.
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The Roman Empire
Decline of the RepublicAnd
Rise of the Empire
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Decline of the Republic
• Decline of the Republic • ~ 120BC some leaders attempt to give land to plebeians (Tiberius Gracchus)
• Patricians fight back• 75 years of civil war– Generals gather private
armies, fight for control– Senate loses power
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Military Changes
• The army was no longer a citizen army• Now it was a professional army• Men joined to become rich and powerful• Loyalty was to a general, not to Rome• The senate passed a law– The army could never enter the city of Rome– Generals are very powerful and the senate feared
this new power
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Julius Caesar
• Rise of Julius Caesar • Caesar make an alliance• Joins Pompey and
Crassus• Helped each other gain
power• Caesar elected to
consul in 59 B.C.
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Julius Caesar
• Rise of Julius Caesar • Rome on the brink of collapse
• Julius strong military general
• 58-51BC lead army to conquer Gaul– Captured large amounts
of gold– 55 BC Bridge Across the
Rhine River• Troops very loyal
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Julius Caesar
• Rise of Julius Caesar
• Death of a Dictator
• 49BC returns to Italy– Fights with armies of the
Senate– Caesar wins, becomes
Dictator for Life in 44BC
– Ruled with great power, took much of the Senate’s power for himself (King)
– Assassinated by Senators March 15, 44BC
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The Empire• Octavian (Augustus) • Another civil war after
Julius, 13 years• Adopted son of Caesar• 27BC Given title Augustus
by senate– First true emperor of Rome
• Shows respect for senate, doesn’t “power grab”
• Time of peace and prosperity
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The Empire
• Notable Emperors • Nero (54-68)– “Nero fiddled while
Rome burned”– Murders family– Tyrant, Persecution of
Christians• Trajan (98-117)– Expanded Empire to its
largest– Public Building Projects– Social welfare
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The Empire
• Notable Emperors • Hadrian (117-138)– Consolidated border– Hadrian’s Wall– Reorganizes army so
soldiers defend home provinces
– Champion of education
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Ruling the Empire
• Governing Conquered People
• Usually remained free• Divided into provinces– Ruled by governor,
supported by army• Rome did not force
their way of life on them– Happy people= taxes
and commerce– Many adopted Roman
ways in the end. (Why?)
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Daily Life
• Citizenship • City of Rome was overpopulated– Originally, only residents
of city were true Romans
• Census – official count of people– Registering=citizenship– Men declare families,
slaves, wealth.– If failed to register, could
lose property or become slave
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Daily Life
• Citizenship
• Social Classes
• Women, slaves, and ex-slaves could not become citizens
• Huge gap between rich and poor
• Rich – lavish houses, country estates, feasts and parties
• Poor – crowded apartments, no water
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Daily Life
• Circuses • Poor sometimes riot– Usually over lack of
food, particularly wheat
• Emperors put on shows Circus) to make people happy, entertain– Free grain provided– Fights, public executions
• Gladiators, exotic animals
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Daily Life
• Family Life • Traditional values• Government support– Land and money if
family had children– Directed at upper class
• Paterfamilias – “father of the family”– Often 3 generations
under 1 roof– Had absolute power
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Daily Life
• Family Life • Women– Married into families– Freedom based on
husband’s wealth• Could work, own things
• Slavery– Very common – Generally well cared for– Possible to buy freedom
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