The Role of Social Sciences in the Arctic in the 21st Century Gail Fondahl, PhD President, IASSA The...
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The Role of Social Sciences in theArctic in the 21st Century
Gail Fondahl, PhDPresident, IASSA
The Arctic in the First Decade of the 21st Century: Between Competition and Cooperation23 November 2012 Wroclaw, Poland
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The Role of Social Sciences in the Arctic
Key Realizations• Fundamental causes and
consequences of change in the Arctic are social
• Solutions to deleterious effects of change are also social
• Integration of social and natural sciences is essential
Map of Today’s Talk• Key Changes in Arctic:
Social Science Dimensions• Key Arctic Social Science
Organizations
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It’s about climate change
– and more
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Climate change in the Arctic• Consequences of climate change
are primarily social
• Need to better understand – What factors influence individual &
collective responses – Political responses to climate change – Role of values, beliefs in perceptions
of climate change– Capacities to adapt (across space,
ethnicity, gender, etc)
SOCIAL SCIENCE ISSUES
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Beyond Climate Change:Rapid Socio-Economic Change
Demographic Change
Economic Change
Political Change
Cultural Change
Changes in Well-Being
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Who Lives in the Arctic?• Approx 4 M people • Approx 8% Indigenous (over
40 linguistic groups)
• Highly urbanized• A few large centres; rest of
population in very small, widely dispersed settlements
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Demographic Change
• Declining Population in Many Areas
• Outmigration of Young/Working Age
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Demographic Change
• Increased Urbanisation
• Growing Imbalance in Sex Ratio
• Growing Ethnic Diversity
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The Arctic Economy
International Resource Economy
Transfer Economy
Traditional Economy
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Key Changes in the Arctic Economy
Commoditization
Privatization
Geographical Concentration (continued)
Questions of Access, Benefits Distribution, Sustainability
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Changes in the Arctic Economy, cont’d
Global rise in raw materials prices
Increased demand from East Asia
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Increased Accessibility as a Driver of Change
Climate change, political change
Increased Shipping
Fisheries: Growth, Changes
Increased Mineral/Hydrocarbon Extraction
Increased Tourism
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Political Change
End of cold war = reduced military tensions, cooperation
Decreased tensions – and relative situation related to other areas of globe – impacting desirability of resources, transport
routes New governance regimes
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Culture Change
Mandatory Schooling, In-migration, Urbanisation, Wage Labor
Communications Technologies, Social Media
Mass Media/Global Culture
Cultural Stress
Cultural Adaptation, ‘Fusion’
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Well-Being: Improvements, Heightened Disparities
Improved Health Services
Introduction of New Diseases
High Rates of ‘Social Pathologies’, Mental Illnesses
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Arctic Social Sciences: Contributions
• Understanding drivers of change; complexities of processes
• Identification of trends; measuring human development in the Arctic
• Co-production of knowledge with local residents/stakeholders
• Building partnerships with natural scientists for integrated research
• Delivery of relevant knowledge to decision-makers, policy bodies, Arctic residents
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Arctic Social Sciences: Key International Organizations
• International Arctic Social Sciences Association
• International Arctic Sciences Committee– Social & Human Working
Group
• University of the Arctic• Arctic Council Sustainable
Development Working Group
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• Bottom-up• Circumpolar + • Encourages
interdisciplinary, trans-disciplinary research (including via ICASS)
• Members involved in key Arctic Social Science Projects
Canada19%
Denmark2%
Greenland2%
Finland4%
France4%
Germany2%
Iceland7%
Norway4%
Russia24%
Sweden3%
UK3%
USA19%
Other6%
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Steering Group
Chair: Peter Schweitzer Vice-Chair: Sylvie Blangy Vice-Chair: Gail Fondahl Past Chair: Louwrens Hacquebord
Scientific Foci
Histories and methodologies of arctic sciences and arts
Indigenous peoples and change: adaptation and cultural and power dynamics
Human health and well-being
Cross-cutting
Perceptions and representations of arctic science
Social & Human Sciences Working Group
Exploitation of natural resources: past, present, future
Perceptions and representations of the Arctic
Security, international law and cooperation
Collaborative community research on climate change
Human health, wellbeing and ecosystem change
Competing forms of resource use in a changing environment
People and coastal processes
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• Recognizes key social science projects– Arctic Human Development
Report-2– Arctic Social Indicators Project
• Observer status for key Arctic Organizations
• Social, Economic, Cultural Expert Group (under discussion)
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Arctic Social Sciences:Looking Forward
• How do we make decisions in the face of uncertainty?– Key information from social sciences
• Critical to addressing challenges – in changing human-environment relations– In changing spheres of economy, politics, culture
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Thank you