The Role of Irrigation in Agricultural Development and...

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LOGO

The 62nd ICID IEC Meeting and 21st International Congress on Irrigation and Drainage

The Role of Irrigation in Agricultural Development and Poverty Alleviation

at Rural Community of Iran

The Role of Irrigation in Agricultural Development and Poverty Alleviation

at Rural Community of Iran

15-23 October 2011 , Tehran , IranPresented By: Enayatollah Farahani

IntroductionHistorically Iranian agricultural activities which started with rainfed cereal are over

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Historically, Iranian agricultural activities which started with rainfed cereal are overthan 8 Thousand years old. At the present it is extended to a wide variety ofagricultural products.

Climate and Agriculture of IranIranian territory is located at a semi-arid and deserted area except for a small area atnorth and north-eastern part of the country. The average precipitation throughout thecountry is about 256 mm, consequently agriculture of Iran is strongly dependant onwater resources and its development is tied to the development which in turn dependson construction of water works and utilities. Tables (1) & (2) show the climaticconditions and rainfall of Iran.


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Table (1): Climatic conditions of the country

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PercentageArea (Km2)Main climate

35.54573884Extra-arid

29.15472562Desert-arid

20.08325109Semi-arid

4.9080007Mediterranean

3.3755097Semi-humid

3.3658006Humid

3.3955386Very humid

1001620051Total


Table (2): rainfall

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Country area%Annual rainfall range (mm)

0.40>1000

9.14500-1000

29.23300-500

32.20150-300

29.30<150

( )


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Definition of povertyPoverty or wealth of a country depends strongly on the balance between production

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Poverty or wealth of a country depends strongly on the balance between productionand population rates. These conditions have been prevalent in recent decades incountries in general and in Iran particular.In most developing countries including Iran, due to climatic conditions and scarcerainfall and shortage of water resources, the maintenance and optimum consumptionof these resources have a crucial part in poverty alleviation in rural communities.Fortunately, Iran has a good record in this field. Iran during the half past century hasestablished vast number of hydraulic utilities and water works so that the amount ofwater allocated to agriculture sector has increased from 32.90 billion cubic meters inthe year 1340 to 82 billion cubic meters in recent years.It is worthwhile to mention that between years 1981 to 1991 the rate of populationgrowth reached 4 percent, this rate in recent years has fallen to 1.20 to 1.40 byapplying birth control programs.The effect of these changes are presented in Tables (3)


Table(3)-Change of population rate,

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2009200620011996199119741961Description

73727066593424Population (million people)

82.085.071.878.072.054.532.9Agricultural water consumption(billion m3)

8.1008.6007.1007.2986.9075.4392.493Irrigated cropped and orchard area (million ha)

74.00076.00052.71851.87035.28117.0007.139Total water production (million Ton)

water use for cropped area & production (1961-2009)


17.79318.89211.95411.4747.6574.9792.295Corn production from water produced (million Ton)

78.26883.36858.85358.18539.3417.8407.919Total production from rain fed & irrigated farms

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Per capita Agricultural Production and water Consumption Th t d f i lt l d ti it d i th l t h lf

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The water consumed for agricultural production per capita, during the last half century, despite population increase from 24 million people to 73 million people, has a little fluctuation due to water resources development projects , However with regard to gradual technological developments, production of irrigated crops and orchards has been increased from 297 kg to 1055 kg per capita. The share of irrigated cereal also has increased about two times despite tripled population.Also total amount of rainfed and irrigated crops per capita changed proportionally.

These changes are presented in table (4).


Table (4) -Water consumption and agricultural production per capita

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2009200620011996199119741961Description

1196118010231181122516031371Population(Million)

1196118010231181122516031371Agricultural water consumption per capita (m3)

10141053753786598500297Irrigated products per capita (Kg)

10721156841882667523329Total rain-fed & irrigated products per capita

260265171174129146125Irrigated cereal production per capita (Kg)

( ) p g p p p

g p p p ( g)

280311213225171202167Irrigated & rain-fed cereal production per capita (Kg)


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Optimal Use of Water Resources to Struggle Against Poverty Available water resources in Iran permit maximum allocation 100 million cubic meter

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Available water resources in Iran permit maximum allocation 100 million cubic meterof water to the agricultural sector. In this case about 10 to 11 million ha. of irrigatedcropped areas and orchards could be irrigated.On the other hand population will amount to about 90 million in 2025and continues to grow respectively with the present rate.

Table (5), show average water consumption per hectare and the proportion of growth production cubic meter of per water consumption in recent decades.


Table (5)-Average water consumption per capita & crop products

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2025202020152009200620011996199119741961Description

100.095.090.085.085.071.878.072.354.532.9Water Consumption(Billion M3)

10.000-11.0009.7009.0008.6008.6007.1007.2986.9075.4342.493

Irrigated Farms & Orchards

(Million ha)

1.2001.1001.0000.9500.9500.7340.6650.4810.3120.217Crude product/water

consumption(kg/M3)

Average water

( ) g p p p p p

90909794100001013110131980710688106191002513196Average water consumption

(M3/ha)Estimated country's out look program for development. (2005-2025)


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Fight Against Poverty

Irrigation & civil

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reducing average water consumption

gworks Necessary

But Not Enough

increasing crude production per consumption

per hectarep pcubic meter of water consumption,



M I t t

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Better management of

il bl

More ImportantThan

Irrigation

Look for technical solutions that work within a clearly definedavailable

resourses within a clearly defined socio-economic context so that they can be mobilized in a case specific approach


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Suggestion

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Promoting a holistic approachto poverty alleviation

Placing emphasis on multi sector programmes that generate

Broad and deep impacts at the community level

StablishingStablishingSustainable Sustainable Civil societyCivil societyOrganizationOrganizationy

Striving to be a dedicated market Developer committed to the emergence of professional

Organization Organization



A Proper Pattern A Proper Pattern

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Old Existing farming joint Stock cooperative

KhezriEslam AbadNill AbadGolpeygan


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Introducing Golpaygan farming Joint Stock Cooperative

f

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1968Between Golpayegan And Esfehan

(9 km after Golpaygan 155Km to Esfehan) LocationModerate : (Average Annual precipitation 220mm ,

Tempreture varies from -26 to +38 )Climate

Year of stablishment

Area 5424 HaWater Resources 5 wells at 1968 and 65 at the present


Table (6)-Golpayegan Farming Joint stock cooperative Crop

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Area (ha)Yield (Kg-ha)Yield (ton)Crop55058183200Wheat

45044402000Barley

2009000180 Alfalfa

160300004800Potato

100400004000S B t

( ) p y g g p pPattern and Production

100400004000Sugar Beet

2007000014000Corn Forage

45--Orchard


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Golpayegan Farming Joint stock cooperative Infrastructure

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Irrigation Improvement Irrigation Improvement

Add Your Title here1

Water resource Development :

-ground water recharge

2Increasing Conveyance efficiency by :

-canal lining

3Increasing Application efficiency by :

-Installation modern by run off-construction small reservoir

-conveyance water by pipe

pressurized system such as :

-Sprinkler-Center pivot-Trickle



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Animal HusbandryAnimal Husbandry

Add Your Title here4

Cattle Breeding with 1800 milch cows :

5Sheep breeding with 3300 sheeps :

6Aquaculture :

-Daily milk production =21 tons

-Annual lamb production = 1570 -annual fish

production= 450 tons


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Miscellaneous and Processing IndusteriesMiscellaneous and Processing Industeries

Add Your Title here7-Adminestration and Finantial Section

8Dairy Factory:

9Animal seeding production factory:

Section-Mechanisation unit and service Station

-Daily Production=50 tons

-Daily Plate Production =8 tons-Daily Powdr Production = 5 tons


Golpayegan Farming Joint stock cooperative Net Worth Statement

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Benefit(Rials)

Cost(Rials)

Income(Rials)

Description

11,684,464,62225,722,030,68137,406,495,303Agriculture

4,175,531,46936,595,087,45040,770,618,919Animal husbandry (Cattle)

810,650,6932,959,993,6073,770,644,300Animal husbandry (Sheep)

137 158 282530 350 218667 508 500Fish Farming

Table (7)-Financial invoice in year 2008

137,158,282530,350,218667,508,500Fish Farming

16,807,805,06665,807,461,95682,615,267,022 Total


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New Existing farming joint Stock cooperative

Mehdi AbadSib ChahKhooshabSahl Abad


Sahl Abad Farming Joint stock cooperative

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Location of Selected Pattern The selected area for development of Sahl-Abbad and Firooz- Abbad villages islocated at Sahl-Abbad plain of Nahbandan province of Southern Khorasan in Iran.(The attached map)This area is in poor and limited conditions from the view point of

climate, land and water resources.


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Sahl Abad Farming Joint stock cooperative L ti

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Location



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Land Ownerships and Social StructureThe population in Sahl-Abbad and Firooz-Abbad villages is 454 persons in 117

families, of which 92 families are economically active.From economical point of view residents can be classified as:

operators, owners of agricultural farm landsoperators, owners of water & landoperators, owners of waterresidents without water & land resourcesresidents without water & land resources

From land ownership point of view, %26 own about 1-3 ha., %7 own about 3-5 ha. %5own 5-10 ha, %46 own about 10-50 ha. & %16 own about 50-100 ha. Howeverlimited available water resources is not proportional to the lands ownership and infact many of these families struggle with poverty.


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Water & Soil ResourcesTotal land area of Sahl-Abbad and Firooz-Abbad village is more than 2000 ha. The area of these villages is 700 ha. of which only half is under cultivation. The water resources of these lands consist of two Qanats and 13 wells with the irrigation capacity of approximately 440 lit/s, which due to economical problems, about 300 liters of this capacity is used with low efficiency.



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Development Studies and services Studies and development services of This area include the following :

Pedology studies Recognizing limits and capacities of development Engineering services and land consolidation of farm lands for an area of 740 haAppropriate combination of water resources in line with improving irrigation methods and increasing irrigation efficiency. Integrating farm land as favorable economic unitsg gExecuting development projects.Organizing operational system under a farming joint stock cooperative.


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Irrigation methods and the efficiency of water useIrrigation methods before executing the project were generally flood irrigation and in some cases Border Irrigation and the efficiency estimated to be %33. In development plan, while utilizing the capacity of water resources and considering local conditions, localized irrigation method is selected to irrigate farms and drip irrigation method for orchards. Localized irrigation is among pressurized irrigation methods which does not completely moisten soil surface but only moistens that part of soil where the root is located. In this method evaporation from soil surface reduces to the minimum and runoff losses becomes zero, thus irrigation efficiency increasesto the minimum and runoff losses becomes zero, thus irrigation efficiency increases to %65-%85.



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Cropped Area & ProductionBy implementation of the project and developmental services (2005-2006), thecropped area and production rates have changed as shown in the table (6).


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Table (8)-cropped area & production comparisonAfter executing the project (phase 1)Before executing the project

Products Main production FunctionCultivated field Main productionFunctionCultivated field

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a p oduc o(ton)

u c okg-ha.

Cu a ed e d(ha)

a p oduc o(ton)

u c okg-ha.

Cu a ed e d(ha)

58642001403002500120wheat

28938007697220044Barley

305576053195500039lucerne/alfalfa

25844380059---High yield feed

173832800537282800026Beetroot

---1.818006Cotton

109205053---Soya

---55745074Kitchen garden

---0.00441Saffron

---0.4204201Barberry

234(1)2000117-15Pistachio

--44---Tree planting

5817-5951888-327Total(1) Estimates are after fertility



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Production Economics

For the command area, before executing the project, the value of farm products was estimated to be 2820 million rials. Production costs include seed, fertilizer services, machinery services, water supply and distribution costs and miscellaneous services, and at last, the manpower and wages. After executing the project, machinery services expanded, agricultural services developed, and lands were exploited in favorable economic units by applying integrated management.Table (7) presents production values before and after executing the project in

l l t d fi d icalculated fixed prices.Table( 8 ) present economical condition


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Table (9)-Production value comparison in fixed prices(Figures are in million Rials)

After executing the projectBefore executing the project

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After executing the project Before executing the projectproducts

Added valueNet valueGross valueAdded valueNet valueGross value

1365.11327.21707.4633.1535.9879wheat592.2575.1785.5179.9148.2261Barley177.0129.3427.416650.2273lucerne/ alfalfa608.45501033.7---High yield feed664.1482.9799.7262.8122.4325Beetroot

--50.49.467Cotton175.9133326---Soya

---799.34391005Kitchen garden-----Very littleothers

7887.17097.3(1)8190--Pistachio11469.810294.913289.72091.51305.12820Total


Table(10)-Economical conditions changes for the development pattern (figures are in million Rials)

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(figures are in million Rials)Average

householdincome

Addedvalue

Net value

Grossvalue

ProductionTon

Cultivated farmsDescription

14.22091130528201888327Before executing the project

100100100100100100Index

111.91146910294132655817595Results of project implementation(phase 1)

788548788470308182Ch 788548788470308182Changes

141.21447312991167457341740After project implementation(phase 2)

995692995393338226Changes


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Figure (1) - Irrigation by flooding method in land belonging to well No.2 of Sahl-Abbad (before development program)

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Figure (2) - Flush Irrigation method in landbelonging to well No.2 of Sahl-Abbad (before development program)

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Figure (3) - Integrated mechanized wheat crops in Sahl-Abbad (After development project)

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Figure (4) - Integrated cropping in Sahl-Abbad (After development project)

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Figure (5) - Large farms & change in Irrigation method inSahl-Abbad (After development project)

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Figure (6) - integrated farm of corn silage in Sahl-Abbad (After development project)

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