THE ROARING TWENTIES CHAPTER 13.1-13.3 CHAPTER 14.1.
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Transcript of THE ROARING TWENTIES CHAPTER 13.1-13.3 CHAPTER 14.1.
THE ROARING TWENTIES
CHAPTER 13.1-13.3
CHAPTER 14.1
Definition of Roaring Twenties:
Time of rapid change in American society
Result of the industrialization, immigration and urbanization of the late 1800s and early 1900s
Accelerated by World War One and its effect on the lives of millions
Conflict of the Twenties:
The 1920s brought a clash in values, moral, standards and beliefs between two groups
One group wanted to try to maintain TRADITIONAL VALUES
The other group wanted to move on with new MODERN VALUES
Occurred in all aspects of the nation
Warren G. Harding (1921-1923)
“Return to Normalcy” Campaign Slogan in 1920 electionEasily won election by Americans who wanted life to return to pre-war stability in all areasScandal-ridden administration
www.historyplace.com
Republican
Calvin Coolidge (1923-1929)
Harding’s VP
Nicknamed “Silent Cal”
Restore the dignity and respect to the presidency
Emphasis on the economic aspects of the 1920s
POLITICAL TENSIONS
Chapter 14.1
#1 – Return to Isolationism
Fordney-McCumber Tariff
Washington Naval Conferences (disarmament)
Dawes Plan
Kellogg-Briand Pact
#2 – Red Scare
2nd Russian Revolution (communism)Return to NativismNational Origins Act (immigration Quotas)Violations of American Freedoms1. Schenck v. USThe Court, in a unanimous opinion written by Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., held that Schenck's criminal conviction was constitutional. The First Amendment did not protect speech encouraging insubordination, since, "when a nation is at war many things that might be said in time of peace are such a hindrance to its effort that their utterance will not be endured so long as men fight, and that no Court could regard them as protected by any constitutional right." In other words, the court held, the circumstances of wartime permit greater restrictions on free speech than would be allowable during peacetime.In the opinion's most famous passage, Justice Holmes sets out the "clear and present danger" test:
"The question in every case is whether the words used are used in such circumstances and are of such a nature as to create a clear and present danger that they will bring about the substantive evils that Congress has a right to prevent."
This case is also the source of the phrase "shouting fire in a crowded theater," paraphrased from Holmes' assertion that "the most stringent protection of free speech would not protect a man in falsely shouting fire in a theatre and causing a panic."
2. Gitlow v. New York3. Palmer Raids4. Sacco and VanzettiCrackdown on Strikes and Unions decline (Coolidge quote)
SOCIAL TENSIONS
Chapter 13.1
Chapter 13.2
Chapter 13.3
#3 – Women
19th Amendment
Continued struggle for better job and educational opportunities
New styles
New behaviors
New attitudes
Moral crisis?
www.ilstu.edu
www.viewimages.com
#4 - Demographics
1920 – country more urban than rural
Growth of suburbs as transportation improved (who lived there?)
Great Migration continues
Changes in immigration – Mexican barrios
Conflict in values between rural and urban
#5 Mass Media
PRINT MEDIA
Newspapers Chains
Magazines
MOVIES
Talkies in 1927
More attendance
ADVERTISING
Features v. Feelings
RADIO
KDKA in 1920 By 1929, 10 million radios in homes
Radio networks (NBC)
RESULT: development of a national culture
#6 – National Heroes
Fascination with heroes who showed traditional American values like bravery and modestyAlso fascination with heroes who met new challenges with new vitality
EXAMPLES:Charles LindberghAmelia EarhartSports Heroes- Jack Dempsey- Jim Thorpe- Babe Ruth- Gertrude Ederle
(great increase in participation in sports by all Americans)
The Birth of HollywoodCecil B. DeMilleThe Jazz Singer http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=7573925532937499784&q=the+jazz+singer+al+jolson+blue+skies&total=6&start=0&num=10&so=0&type=search&plindex=0
Charlie Chaplin http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-3546286786451793985&q=charlie+chaplin&total=3101&start=0&num=10&so=0&type=search&plindex=0
The Jazz AgeLouis Armstrong http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-4723033145351775113&q=Louis+Armstrong&total=3193&start=0&num=10&so=0&type=search&plindex=0
George Gershwin http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=1840873352114175839&q=George+Gershwin&total=887&start=0&num=10&so=0&type=search&plindex=0
Georgia O’Keeffe
#7 – The Arts – “Jazz Age”
New “American" music
Featured new sounds based on:
1. improvisation
2. syncopation
Born in the Delta region of Mississippi
Spread with the Great Migration from New Orleans to Chicago and New York City www.albany.edu
Other Artistic Developments
LOST GENERATION
Writers disillusioned by WWI
Reject materialism
Reject pop culture
Examples:- Ernest Hemingway- F. Scott Fitzgerald
HARLEM RENAISSANCE
Major cultural center in 1920s
Not just Jazz but also literature
Examples:- Langston Hughes- Countee Cullen
Painting . . .
New artists also emerged to reflect the clash in values of the time
Edward Hopper
Georgia O’Keeffe
www.artknowledgenews.com
www.greenville.k12.sc.us
#8 - Prohibition
18th AmendmentVolstead ActEnforcement differences (rural v. urban)BootleggingSpeakeasiesOrganized CrimeAl Capone in Chicago
www.legendsofamerica.com
www.ausu.auc.ca
#9 – Racial Tensions
people.cohums.ohio-state.edu
#9 - Racial Tensions
Moved for two reasons1. job opportunities2. escape southern violenceRed Summer – 1919KKK Northern Revival (not just race)NAACP grows Garvey Movement (“Black is Beautiful”)
#10 – Religion
Fundamentalism
Evolution
Scopes “Monkey” Trial (1925)
Rise of the Radio Preachers
- Billy Sunday
Clarence Darrow
William Jennings Bryan
www.answers.com
ECONOMIC TENSIONS
To be continued in Unit 9 – The Great Depression and the New Deal