THE ROAD TO WAR1850-1860

OBJ: TO VIEW THE EVENTS LEADING TO THE CIVIL WAR AS POSSIBLE CAUSES FOR CONFLICT AND HOW DO THOSE EVENTS LINE UP WITH HISTORIOGRAPHY

WHAT WAS ALL THE NOISE ABOUT?• COMPROMISE 1850/FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW

• CRITICS: EMERSON, GARRISON, STOWE

• 300/332 RUNAWAYS RETURNED

• UNCLE TOM’S CABIN – MARCH 1852

• RAISED QUESTION, “IS SLAVERY JUST?”

• PERSONAL LIBERTY LAWS IN NORTH – FSA VIOLATED STATE SOVEREIGNTY, GUARANTEE ALL RIGHT TO JURY TRIAL (PUT DEFS IN NOTES)

• ELECTION 1852 – ANY ISSUE OTHER THAN SLAVERY

• WHIGS: WINFIELD SCOTT

• DEMS: FRANKLIN PIERCE

• MOST 1 SIDED ELECTION SINCE 1820

YOUNG AMERICA & FOREIGN POLICY• CLAYTON BULWER TREATY 1850 –

CANAL & NICARAGUA

• W. WALKER IN NICARAGUA

• CUBA & OSTEND MANIFESTO 1852 (LEAKED ‘54)

• CANADA – FAILED

• GADSDEN PURCHASE 1853

• JAPAN 1853 + COMMODORE M. PERRY

• EDO BAY, TRADE CONCESSIONS THEN TREATY 1858

• RECIPROCITY TREATY W/ UK IN CANADA ‘54

• ATTEMPTS IN HAWAII UNSUCESSFUL

COLLAPSE OF 2 PARTY SYSTEM & BIRTH OF REPUBLICANS

• KANSAS NEBRASKA ACT – S.A. DOUGLAS

• DESTROYED MO. COMP & COMP 1850

• ENDED NORTHERN SUPPORT ON FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW & MORE PERSONAL LIBERTY LAWS

• MIDTERM ELECTIONS ‘54 – DEMS LOSE 66 SEATS IN HOUSE, FOUNDATION FOR REPUBLICAN PARTY, SOUTH SOLIDLY DEM.

• KILLED ANY CHANCE WITH CUBA – SECRET NEGOTIATIONS LEAKED AMIND KS-NE BLOWOUT

• N. CONVINCED SOUTH WANTS TO EXTEND SLAVERY

• WHIGS DIVIDED: S. WHIGS NOW DEMS & N. WHIGS IN SEARCH OF A PARTY

• REPUBLICANS: N. WHIGS & FREE SOIL

• KNOW NOTHINGS, AMERICAN PARTY: COTTON WHIGS & ANTI-IMMIGRANT

• POPERY, FOREIGN DESPOTISM, ALIEN CULTURE

BLEEDING KANSAS• FLAWS IN BILL ALLOWED KS TO BECOME A

BATTLEFIELD

• N.E. EMIGRANT AID SOCIETY – SEND IN THE ABOLOTIONISTS

• BORDER RUFFIANS – MISSOURI SLAVEHOLDERS, VOTE EARLY & OFTEN

• LECOMPTON V. TOPEKA: 1ST ELECTIONS

• 2 CAPITALS: 1 FRAUDULENT & 1 ILLEGAL

• JOHN BROWN RAIDS IN LAWRENCE & POTTAWATOMIE CREEK, KS

• PIERCE ADMINISTRATION TO BLAME

• “Tragic Prelude” by John Steuart Curry

MEANWHILE, IN CONGRESS….

1856

CRIME AGAINST KANSAS: SPEECH BY SUMNER, MA. REPUBLICAN

DEBATE OVER KANSAS ADMITTANCE TO UNION

BLAMED S.A. DOUGLAS & A. BUTLER

BROOKS TOOK OFFENSE

SUMNER BROOKS AFFAIR GALVANIZED THE NORTH

AMIDST ALL OF THIS…AN ELECTION - 1856

• “FREE SOIL, FREE SPEECH, FREMONT” R.

• TEN-CENT JIMMY, J. BUCHANAN – D.

• MILLARD FILLMORE – KNOW NOTHING