The Rise of the Atlantic Economy

Unit 3Chapters 5

Note to Students

• This PowerPoint was created using a combination of your textbook as well as other sources/texts.

• In order to shorten the length of the PPT, I have left out numerous details. – Students are responsible for getting these details

from the text and class discussions.• I suggest that students print this PPT and use it to

take notes from the text, ID Cards, and class discussions.

Expansion of the European Economy

• Age of Exploration leads to expansion of the European economy– Decline of Italy– Rise of Spain, England, France, and Netherlands as

economic centers• Stimulation of the economy led to – Bills of Exchange– Banking

Age of Exploration

• Portugal and Spain lead the “Age of Exploration”• Portuguese Exploration– Henry the Navigator– Bartholomew Dias– Vasco da Gama

• Spanish Exploration– Christopher Columbus– Conquistadors

• Hernan Cortes• Francisco Pizarro

Machu PicchuBuilt by the Incan Empire

The Colonial Economy

• Europeans established colonies • Mercantilism: the colonies were exploited for the

benefit of the mother country– Used resources from colonies to increase treasury of gold

and silver• Haciendas and/or plantations formed for agricultural

production– Sugar most important ag. commodity

• Mines created to extract precious metals– Gold and SILVER (Potosi in S. Am)

Population Growth

• Europe’s population increased in the 16th century– Increased agricultural production– “Enclosure” led to private property• Good for those with land, bad for those without

– New food crops from the Americas• Corn, potatoes, tomatoes, squash, beans, peppers

The Price Revolution

• Price Revolution– Prices were on the rise in Europe• Increase in population led to higher demand for basic

necessities• Influx of silver from the Americas led to inflation

State Building

• The nations of western Europe begin to develop stronger, more centralized government systems.– Spain– England– France– Netherlands

Spain

• Before 1400’s, Spain was divided into several different kingdoms– Mostly Christian in the

Northern areas– Muslims controlled

Southern Spain

Spain

• 1469: Ferdinand and Isabella marry to unite most of the Iberian Peninsula– Refer to ID Cards for Chapter 5

• “Reconquista” begins• Spanish Inquisition

Spain

• Charles V (grandson of Ferdinand and Isabella) controlled a HUGE amount of territory.– Refer to ID Cards for

Chapter 3• Charles’ reign– 1519-1556

Empire of Charles V

Spain

• In 1556, Charles V abdicated the Hapsburg throne.– His brother, Ferdinand I,

took over the HRE– His son, Philip II,

assumed the throne of Spain

Spain

• Although Spain had the largest empire in Europe and pulled huge quantities of silver out of mines in the Americas, Spain still had money problems– Spent money defending against Ottoman aggression

in the Mediterranean• Battle of Lepanto (1571)

– Spain spent much of its silver buying luxury good from Asia

– Price Revolution harmed Spain’s economy

Policies of Philip II of Spain

• Reign of Philip II: 1556-1598– See the ID Card for Philip II for more information

• Philip II reigned during a time when Spain was at the height of its power, but he also oversaw Spain’s dramatic decline.– Defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588– Economic problems (costly wars, poor economic

policy, etc)– Dutch Revolt– Conflict with France and England

Cultural Achievements in Spain

• Don Quixote by Cervantes• Art:– El Greco

Homework for Tuesday (9/25)

• Numbered heads together….1. What caused the Dutch Revolt?2. What impact did the Dutch Revolt have on

Spain?3. Trace the economic development of the

Dutch Netherlands in the 16th and 17th centuries.

4. Trace the cultural achievements of the “Golden Age of the Dutch Republic”.

France

• Bourbon Family – Replaced the Valois as

the ruling family– Came to power with

Henry IV• Edict of Nantes (1598)

• Refer back to ID Cards from Chapter 4

France

• Louis XIII ascended to throne after his father’s assassination– Ruled from 1610-1643

• Cardinal Richelieu served as Louis XIII’s royal advisor.– Refer to ID Cards for Chapter 4

England• War of the Roses– Civil war between the Yorks and Lancasters

• Henry Tudor established the Tudor Dynasty in England– Henry Tudor known as Henry VII– Defeated Richard III in 1485

• Be careful not to confuse the Henrys of England with the Henrys of France.– Refer to the government charts posted online under “He

was King of which country????”

England

• Henry VIII– Reigned from 1509-1547

• Founder of the Anglican Church– Also known as the

Church of England• Refer to ID Card and

text for additional detail.

England

• Edward VI– Reigned from 1547-1553

• Mary Tudor– Reigned from 1553-1558

England• Elizabeth I– Reigned from 1558-1603

Defeat of the Spanish Armada

Elizabethan Renaissance

• Queen Elizabeth was known for patronage of the arts

• William Shakespeare (playwright)– Famous works: Romeo and Juliet, Julius Caesar,

Macbeth, Hamlet, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, The Taming of the Shrew, King Lear, Othello,

England

• 1603: Elizabeth I died without an heir• James VI of Scotland (her cousin) inherited the

throne– He became known as James I of England– The Stuarts took the place of the Tudors as the

ruling family of England