The Rise of Political Parties & the XYZ Affair
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Transcript of The Rise of Political Parties & the XYZ Affair
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The Rise of Political Parties& the XYZ Affair
Presentation created by Robert MartinezPrimary Source: America’s History (Henretta, Brody, Dumenil).Images as cited.
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The appearance of Federalists and Republicans marked a new stage in
American politics, the rise of the First Party System.
www.encyclopedia.com
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Although colonial legislatures had often divided temporarily into
factions based on family, ethnicity, or region, they did not form organized political parties.
faculty.polytechnic.org
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The new state and national constitutions made no provision for political parties. In
fact, most Americans thought parties unnecessary and even dangerous to the
government.
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Following classical republican principles, American leaders maintained that voters and
legislators should act independently in the interest of the public as a
whole.
www.loc.gov www.indiana.edu www.bluffton.edu
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Still the conflict in the 1790s over fiscal policies divided America’s
legislators, and popular sovereignty, which drew average citizens into
politics, fueled the division.
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Most merchants, creditors, and urban artisans supported Federalist
policies, as did wheat-exporting slaveholders.
www.waywelivednc.com
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The emerging Republican coalition was more diverse. It included southern tobacco and rice planters, western
farmers, Germans and Scots-Irish in the southern backcountry and subsistence
farmers in the Northeast.
rootsandall.blogspot.com
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Party identity crystallized in 1796. To prepare for the presidential election, Federalist and Republican leaders
called in the states to discuss policies and nominate candidates.
potus-geeks.livejournal.com
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Federalist candidates triumphed in the national elections of 1796,
winning a majority in Congress and electing John Adams to the
presidency.
mrcapwebpage.com stupidsenators.com
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Adams continued Hamilton’s pro-British foreign policy and reacted sharply to seizures of American
merchant ships by the French navy.
miniawi.blogspot.com
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When the French foreign minister Talleyrand solicited a loan and a bribe from American diplomats to stop the
seizures, Adams charged that Talleyrand’s agents, whom he dubbed
X,Y, and Z, had insulted America’s honor.
Talleyrandapushbible.com
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Responding to the XYZ Affair, the Federalist controlled Congress cut off trade with France in 1798 and
authorized American privateers to seize French ships.
www.ibiblio.org
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The party conflict that had begun over Hamilton’s financial policies now extended to foreign affairs.
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