THE RISE OF FASCISM AND THE CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II EUROPE 1921-1939.
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Transcript of THE RISE OF FASCISM AND THE CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II EUROPE 1921-1939.
FASCISM• Gov’t system • State control over all
aspects of life
• Strident Nationalism
• Dictator Leadership
• Harsh Suppression of all Opposition
• Severe Social and Economic regementation
Tools of FascismTools of Fascism
• Strict control of the Media (Censorship)Strict control of the Media (Censorship)
• Extreme use of PropagandaExtreme use of Propaganda
• Secret Police Secret Police
The Rise of Benito Mussolini • Italy in social chaos
• Fear of Bolsheviks (Communists)
• Economic Depression
• Mussolini builds the legend of “Il Duce” (The Leader) – title he bestows upon himself
• A man who never slept, was always right, and could solve all the problems of politics and economics.
Causes for Fascism in GermanyCauses for Fascism in Germany• Mass Suffering from Mass Suffering from
terms of Versailles Treatyterms of Versailles Treaty
• Severe Economic Severe Economic DepressionDepression
• Germans are a Dejected Germans are a Dejected PeoplePeople
• German People starving German People starving for a change – want a for a change – want a leaderleader
The Rise of Hitler• Joins German Workers Party in
1919
• Re-Names it National Socialist German Workers Party (Nazi)
• Swastika adopted as Party Symbol
• Appointed Chancellor in 1933
• German President Hindenburg dies in 1934 – Hitler declares himself “Reichsfuhrer” (national leader)
Hitler’s Nazi Culture • Based on Hitler’s “Mein
Kampf” (My Struggle)
• Written (dictated) while in prison
• Writes of Childhood, Race, Politics, Goals of Nazis, Future of Germany – return to glory
• Aryan Race – best of all humans (Master Race)
• Cites Jewish and Slavic Peoples (Polish, Russian, Czechs) as inferior and the enemy
• Blames Jews for Germanic Hardships
The Road to War Hitler infuses German people with nationalism and pride
Massive propaganda campaign – Nazi Party rallies, speeches, censorship
Violates Versailles Treaty
Begins German Re-armament
Gets German Economy going
Mirrors USA New Deal – building Germany internal improvements
Axis Powers Created 1937
• Germany, Italy, Japan sign alliance treaty
• Italy invades Ethiopia
• Japan invades Manchuria and China
Hitler’s Unification Plans Hitler’s Unification Plans
• Unite Germanic Peoples of Unite Germanic Peoples of Europe – Create the Third Europe – Create the Third Reich (Third German Reich (Third German Empire)Empire)
• Begins reclaiming and Begins reclaiming and invading “German” landsinvading “German” lands
• League of Nations League of Nations powerless to stop Hitler – powerless to stop Hitler – won’t go to warwon’t go to war
Hitler’s Aggression in EuropeReclaiming German lands Reclaims Rhineland (WW I lost territory) & Saar and Ruhr Valleys (coal rich France exploiting) Forces Anschluss (union) with Austria in 1938 Invades Sudetenland (German areas in Czechoslovakia)
Germans and the SovietsGermans and the Soviets• Germany signs non-
aggression pact with Soviets
• Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact
• Soviet leader Joseph Stalin deals up Eastern Europe with Hitler
• Another Embarrassment to Britain and France
Appeasement Strategy• England and France cut a deal
with Hitler – give in to Hitler
• Let Hitler have what he has taken if he’ll stop there
• Betrayal of Czechoslovakia
• Becomes the Munich Agreement
• Britain Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain: “There will be peace in our time”
• Proved to be a flop and a huge embarrassment
Hitler Violates Munich AgreementHitler Violates Munich Agreement
• Takes over the rest of CzechoslovakiaTakes over the rest of Czechoslovakia• Invades Poland on Sept. 1, 1939Invades Poland on Sept. 1, 1939• Britain and France declare war on Germany Britain and France declare war on Germany
(alliance with Poland)(alliance with Poland)
Where is the USA??? (Again)Where is the USA??? (Again)
• IsolationistIsolationist
• Great DepressionGreat Depression
• Neutral???Neutral???