The Rise of Adolf Hitler. In 1919 Germany is forced to accept the terms of the Treaty of Versailles...
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Transcript of The Rise of Adolf Hitler. In 1919 Germany is forced to accept the terms of the Treaty of Versailles...
The Rise of Adolf Hitler
• In 1919 Germany is forced to accept the terms of the Treaty of Versailles
• War Guilt Clause: blame
• Loss of land (colonies) and money (reparations)
• Disarmament
• Had to form a democracy: Weimar Republic
Setting the Stage: World War I
The Rise of the Nazi Party
• In 1920, Hitler helps form the Nazi Party
• Beer Hall Putsch: Hitler and and his Nazis try to overthrow the new democracy in a large beer hall in Munich
• 16 men are killed–Hitler flees and is later arrested on high
treason
The Rise of the Nazi Party
• While in prison, Hitler writes “Mein Kampf”
• Learns he must destroy democracy from within
• Serves 8 months and is released
Hitler Takes Control
• In 1925, Paul von Hindenburg elected President of the Weimar Republic
• By 1932, the Nazi party had become the largest party in the Reichstag
(38% majority)
• Hitler appointed chancellor in 1933– Second in command
Hitler Takes Control
• In February 1933, the Reichstag burns down– Blamed on Communists
• Reichstag responds by suppressing communists and others – Passed the “Enabling Act”transfers power to the
president
• In 1934, Hindenburg dies and Hitler is declared “The Fuhrer” (dictator)
Prelude to the Holocaust & WWII
• Anti-Semitism, or hatred of Jews, alreadyexisted in the hearts of many Europeans
• Nuremberg Laws were passed allowing the government to legally discriminate against Jews
Prelude to the Holocaust & WWII
• Examples of Nuremberg Laws:– Jews were stripped of German citizenship –Marriage between Jews and Germans was
forbidden– Jews were excluded from public office,
practicing law, medicine, and teaching – Jews had curfews, had to wear a yellow
star for public ID – Allowed for open and legal terrorism
against Jews
Prelude to the Holocaust & WWII
• Nuremberg Laws led to a three-step process:– Development of Jewish ghettos in cities– Concentration Camps became sites of
forced labor and murder– Genocidemass killing of over 6 million Jews
Kristallnacht
• 1938
• The Night of Broken Glass – Anti-Semitic riots in Germany and Austria
• 30,000 Jews rounded up and taken to concentration camps
• Homes, businesses, and synagogues destroyed
World War II Begins
• In 1939, Hitler invades Poland and starts WWII
• Continues efforts to unite all people of German blood or Aryans under the “Master Race”
• Empire is known as the Third Reich
Result?
• Hitler used democracy to destroy democracy. Once he became “der Fuhrer”, he ruled Germany as a ruthless dictator and used his power to take over several countries and murder millions