The Respiratory System Chapter 22
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Transcript of The Respiratory System Chapter 22
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The Respiratory System
Chapter 22
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Functions Surface for gas exchange Movement of air Protection of respiratory
pathways Sound production Assistance with olfaction
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Conduction Zone
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Respiration Zone
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Respiratory Membrane Simple squamous epithelia
Pneumocytes type 1 Pneumocytes type 2 (septal) Alveolar macrophages
Respiratory membrane Epithelia Endothelia Shared (fused) basement
mebrane
http://iws.collin.edu/mweis/Images/Histology/2402%20histology/Respiratory%20Histo/labeled%20resp%20histo/resp_phys_alveolus_typecells_histo_labeled.png
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Mechanics of Breathing(exchange of air between atmosphere and lungs)
Pulmonary ventalation maintains alveolar ventilation
Atmospheric pressure effects ventilation Boyles Law P=1/V (http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/k-12/airplane/aboyle.html)
Ventilation causes volume and pressure changes Intrapulmonary pressure Intrapleural pressure
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Mechanics of Breathing
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Physical Factors Airway resistance Alveolar surface tension Lung Compliance
change in lung volume/change in lung pressure
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Gas Exchange Dalton's Law =the partial pressure of a gas is the
pressure contributed to the mixture of gases Henry's Law =the amount of gas in solution is
directly proportional to the partial pressure Partial pressures gradients drive gas exchange Amount of gas in solution depends upon the
solubility
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Gas Transport Red blood cells are sacs of hemoglobin bound O2 CO2 uses 3 methods
Conversion to carbonic acid (HCO3-) =70% Bound to hemoglobin = 23% Dissolved in plasma =7%
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Gas Transport
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Control of Respiration
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Control of Respiration
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Control of Respiration
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Control of Respiration
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Respiratory Adjustments Exercise High Altitude Scuba Diving Hyperbaric Chambers