THE RESEARCH PROFILE

of an EARTH SCIENTIST

Sue Bird; Elizabeth Crowley : January 2016

This Session

Bibliometrics Journal bibliometrics (e.g. impact factors, rankings

etc from Web of Knowledge & SCOPUS )

Personal metrics (e.g. h-index, altmetrics)

Open Access

Oxford Research Archive

Your research profile

Getting started

Decide on the type of publication

Canvas the options re. the available outlets

Explicitly factor-in the “tribal realities”

Know the ‘market’ -- other papers & publications on the topic.

Review who is on the editorial board… Who do you know?

Publication is difficult; it involves determination & persistence

Taking pride in your message is also profoundly important.

(from Publication strategies – Prof. G.L.Clark March 2012)

Bibliometrics

The branch of library science concerned with the application of mathematical and statistical analysis to bibliography; the statistical analysis of books, articles, or other publications. (Oxford English Dictionary Online)

In other words…data about publications, or citation frequency.

http:/ox.libguides.com/bibliometrics

ALTMETRICS

Alternative to traditional bibliometrics

(citation counts, impact factors, etc.)

Measures the impact of articles by counting mentions on social media sites and other web sources.

Altmetric.com is used by Scopus and PLoS to track ‘citations’ on social media sites, like Twitter & Facebook, science blogs, news sites and reference managers like Mendeley.

“Altmetric tracks the buzz around scholarly articles and datasets online”

http://www.altmetric.com/

More details about how Scopus use this in the

Snowball Metrics Recipe Book

http://www.snowballmetrics.com/

Metrics

viewed

12/01/2016

Metrics viewed 19/08/2013

(1 print citation)

Metrics as at

12/01/2016

PLOS ONE Metrics

Altmetrics

‘Open’ peer review & impact measurement

Citizen comment & hit numbers

New forms of performance appraisal

Less control by academics

Phantom peer reviewers

Self promotion by manipulation of citation banks & blogs

Horder, T “Brave new worlds” Oxford Magazine no. 336 pp. 1-3 Second week,

Trinity Term 2013

Altmetrics

Concept now extended into sites such as

ResearchGate

Journal Bibliometrics

Journal Citation Reports Impact Factor

Uses Thomson Reuters citation data (i.e. Web of Science)

The Impact Factor is calculated by dividing the number of citations in a particular year by the total number of articles published in the two previous years.

An Impact Factor of 1.0 means that, on average, the articles published one or two years ago have been cited only once. An Impact Factor of 2.5 means that, on average, the articles published in the last 2 years have been cited two and a half times.

Journal Bibliometrics

Quality of journal = rough & ready measure of

quality & prestige of research published there

So the higher the number the greater the

impact

Does that equate to greater prestige?

Surely different disciplines have different

publishing profiles

about.jcr.incites

Science Citation Subject Categories

Geosciences, Multidisciplinary Covers resources having a general or interdisciplinary approach to the study of the Earth and other planets. Relevant topics include geology, geochemistry/geophysics, hydrology, paleontology, oceanography, meteorology, mineralogy, geography, and energy and fuels. Resources having a primary focus on geology, or geochemistry & geophysics are placed in their own categories.

Geology Covers resources dealing with the physical history of the Earth, the rock of which it is composed, and the physical changes (not the physics) that the Earth has undergone or is undergoing. Resources in this category cover sedimentology, stratigraphy, hydrogeology, ore geology, structural geology, regional geology, and petrology. These resources are somewhat narrow in scope and are not given to the interdisciplinary study of the Earth Sciences

Geochemistry & Geophysics Covers resources focusing on either Geochemistry or Geophysics or both. Geochemistry covers resources that deal with the chemical composition and chemical changes in the Earth or other planets or asteroids. Topics include research on related chemical and geological properties of substances, applied geochemistry, organic geochemistry, and biogeochemistry. Geophysics covers resources on the application of the methods and techniques of physics to the study of the structure of the Earth and the processes affecting it. Topics addressed include seismology, tectonics, tectonophysics, geomagnetism, radioactivity, and rock mechanics.

Other areas of possible interest:-

Astronomy & Astrophysics ; Engineering, Geological ; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences ; Paleontology ; Mineralogy ; Mining & Mineral Processing ; Oceanography.

Journal Bibliometrics - SCOPUS

SJR (SCImago Journal Rank)

SJR is weighted by the prestige of a journal. Subject field, quality, and reputation of

the journal have a direct effect on the value of a citation.

SJR assigns relative scores to all of the sources in a citation network. Its

methodology is inspired by the Google PageRank algorithm, in that not all citations

are equal. A source transfers its own 'prestige', or status, to another source through

the act of citing it.

A source's prestige for a particular year is shared equally over all the citations it

makes in that year; this is important because it corrects for the fact that typical

citation counts vary widely between subject fields.

The SJR of a source in a field with a high likelihood of citing is shared over a lot of

citations, so each citation is worth relatively little. The SJR of a source in a field with

a low likelihood of citing is shared over few citations, so each citation is worth

relatively more. This tends to even out the differences in citation practice between

subject fields and facilitate direct comparisons of sources

http://www.scimagojr.com/

Journal Bibliometrics - SCOPUS

SNIP (Source Normalized Impact per Paper)

SNIP measures a source’s contextual citation impact by weighting citations

based on the total number of citations in a subject field.

SNIP especially considers :

Frequency at which authors cite other papers in their reference lists

Speed at which citation impact matures

Extent to which the database used in the assessment covers the field’s literature

Citation Potential within a subject field.

http://www.journalmetrics.com/snip.php

http://www.journalindicators.com/indicators

Personal metrics

H – index

The more you publish

The more you are cited

The higher your h-index

Sometimes asked for in funding applications

Interactions form the

basis of your RG Score.

Your score is currently inactive. To get started,

ask or answer questions in Q&A, or publish your

research to your profile.

Then grow your network so that researchers can

interact with your work.

David Pyle & the h-index

SCOPUS – 40 (157 articles from 1988- )

Thickness, volume and grainsize of tephra fall deposits – 364 cites

Web of Science – 39 (145 articles from 1988- ) Thickness, volume and grainsize of tephra fall deposits – 350 cites

Google Scholar – 47 (estimated from 312 returns

includes book citations, etc.) Thickness, volume and grainsize of tephra fall deposits – 477 cites

ResearchGate – RG score : 43.5 Thickness, volume and grainsize of tephra fall deposits – no metrics – not loaded

Conclusions on Metrics

Metrics are a TOOL

Provide indications not a definitive answer

Different answers from different sources

The terms are bandied about so useful to get your head round

them

Need to be careful about how each source calculates its

metrics

What about Open Access?

Funding? RCUK in origin?

Post April 2013?

Green route

v

Gold route

http://openaccess.ox.ac.uk

Open Access Requirements

Students receiving RCUK Training Grant Funding from

1st February 2014 are required to fulfill the OPEN

ACCESS requirements of the funding council involved

In the case of Ph.D. theses funded by Research Councils, metadata describing the

thesis should be lodged in the institution's repository as soon as possible after award

and a full text version should be available within a maximum of 12 months following

award. It is expected that metadata in institutional repositories will be compatible with

the metadata core set recommended by the ETHOS e-thesis online service.

openaccess.ox.ac.uk

http://www.rcuk.ac.uk/funding/grantstcs/

Open Access Requirements

HEFCE’s OA requirements take effect in relation to articles and

conference proceedings submitted for publication from 1 April

2016.

From that date onwards, journal articles and conference papers will

be eligible to be submitted in the next REF only if HEFCE’s OA

conditions are met

Note that it is at the time of the acceptance of the manuscript

openaccess.ox.ac.uk

HEFCE post-2014 REF

All roads lead to Open Access

Researchers can self-archive a copy of

their article in an appropriate subject

repository (such as ArXiv, CiteSeerx,

RePEc, SSRN) as well as the Oxford

University Research Archive (ORA)

Publishers may set an embargo

period. No fee is charged.

This is often known as the green route and

is the University’s preferred mechanism.

Does publisher

have a gold option?

Will article be

made available

with CC-BY?

Are APC Funds

available?

START: CHOOSE JOURNAL - USE

SHERPA FACT (BETA)

IMMEDIATE GOLD OA

Plus preservation copy in ORA

Accept* non-compliance with

funder OA policy with this

journal

AND

Deposit embargoed copy in

ORA for preservation purposes

(ID/OA**)

If available accept green embargo

OR

Accept * non-compliance with funder

OA policy with this journal

AND

Deposit copy in ORA for

preservation purposes (ID/OA**)

http://openaccess.ox.ac.uk/

openaccess@bodleian.ox.ac.uk

**Immediate Deposit/Optional Access

Accept* you cannot fully comply

with funder OA policy with this

journal

AND

Deposit embargoed copy in

ORA for preservation purposes

(ID/OA**)

*RCUK accepts that there will not be 100%

compliance and this is a 5-year journey

Y

Y

Y

Y

N N

N

Y N

N

Researcher Decision Tree – ‘Green’ or ‘Gold’? How to meet the UK Research Councils’ requirements on Open Access

Impact of Open Access

Need for more “fine grained assessment”

Track the impact of all types of output

e.g. Scholarly blogs, videos, podcasts as well as articles

Benjamin, S & Watson, V, 2013 “Embracing the change” Oxford

Magazine no. 336 pp. 4-5 Second week, Trinity Term

Why Open Access?

Gezahegn Yirgu works on rift related volcanism in Ethiopia but the University of Addis Ababa does not subscribe to e-journals from Elsevier such as Earth and Planetary Science Letters.

If David publishes his work on this topic using the open access route then Gezahegn will be able to keep abreast of new research in this area.

Advances in both remote sensing and modelling can improve our understanding of the behaviour of active volcanoes.

This may help with prediction & therefore help to limit loss of life, etc.

Will I have to pay?

Open Access Journals charge the author for publication. –

Can be as little as £560!!!

(but you can then deposit in O.R.A.)

Print / E-journals charge libraries a subscription – will also

charge authors for the Gold Route - frequently £2,000

Biogeosciences

What about Research Data?

http://researchdata.ox.ac.uk/

Research Data Management

ORA Data

ORA-Data now available

Researchers can cite ORA-Data as a suitable data

archive in grant applications

Charge for archiving: £140 (base cost) + £5 per Gb

(storage) one-off up front charge.

Researchers requiring immediate data deposit can

contact ORA staff who will deposit on their behalf

ORA Data

Connects data to research publications in O.R.A.

Automatically gathers metadata from each of the tools and

repositories it connects to

Assigns DOIs if necessary

Ensures the metadata complies with national DataCite

standards.

Gathered metadata will be available as linked data

Map this to the CERIF standard, (alerts can be issued to

compatible management systems when new project

outputs are made available.

RDM Support for Researchers

Visit the Research Data Oxford website:

researchdata.ox.ac.uk Contact ohn.southall@bodleian.ox.ac.uk

Email the support team:

researchdata@ox.ac.uk

Advice on handling your research data

Training in understanding RDM

Guidance on preserving and archiving data

Guidelines on meeting funder requirements

Advice on increasing research visibility and

impact

Support for data management planning

Research Data Management Support

Bodleian Data Library

What about O.R.A.?

Your Thesis

Requirement to deposit

in the

Oxford Research Archive

http://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/ora/

http://ox.libguides.com/ora

What exactly is ORA?

ORA is a permanent and secure online archive of research materials produced by members of the University of Oxford and is also the home of Oxford digital theses.

Dissemination Depositing research outputs in ORA maximises their visibility and makes them easily

accessible.

ORA is crawled by Google and results in high ranking hits

ORA maximises visibility of unpublished items such as reports, working papers and other works.

Meeting research funder requirements ORA supports compliance with research funders' policies for open access to research literature

Long-term curation Deposited items are held in the Bodleian Libraries archival store

Every item is assigned a persistent URL which will not 'die‘

http://ora.ox.ac.uk

ORA for PG Research Theses

When & how to deposit your thesis

Copyright & IPR & how they affect deposit &

access

Fonts & file formats

Access to your thesis

http://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/ora/oxford_etheses

/training_on_ora_for_theses_for_pg_research_

students

YOU AS THE AUTHOR

Get Your Grey Matter Noticed !

You’ve written your thesis & now there are journal articles to be abstracted from your work.

These need the high visibility of O.R.A. & Open Access

Checklist: Which version is allowed in ORA?

Check publisher’s copyright license

Check publisher embargo periods

Use Symplectic to deposit easily in ORA

Symplectic at Oxford

Symplectic route to ORA

What is an ORCID number?

Open Researcher and Contributor IDentifier

An ORCID number provides researchers with a

way to unambiguously identify themselves

Each researcher is given a unique, persistent (and

free!) ORCID number when they set up a profile

The number can be attached to –

Publications

Datasets

Grants

http://ox.libguides.com/orcid

Signing up for ORCID @ Oxford

Visit https://register.it.ox.ac.uk/self/orcid

Use your SSO to generate your unique ORCiD

number

Sign-up and enter education and publication

information

Researcher advantages

Clearly identify publications

Easily display an on-line publications list and CV information using ORCID

Help improve researcher altmetrics

Identify all research outputs – data, software, grants, patents etc.

ORCID @ OXFORD

Academic viewpoint

Concerns about introducing too many parameters that

are of limited 'value' (journal impact and journal rankings

are not 'useful' metrics for measuring scientific output).

Very keen for students to realise their responsibility under

open access (data and publications) and archiving.

Would there be any chance of mentioning 'new' metrics

(altmetrics), and personal metrics (individual citation

reports; difference between scopus, web of science,

google scholar) and implications for 'how' people publish

Useful book in RSL

Scientific writing and communication : papers, proposals, and presentations / Angelika Hofmann 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, September 2014 [Q 223 HOF ]

Covers:-

Basic principles of scientific writing style and composition

Applications

Research papers

Review articles

Grant proposals

Research statements, resumes

Conference presentations & posters

http://ox.libguides.com/

Reputation is a social game

It’s all based on articles published in academic

journals and how these publications have been

perceived by peers. The traditional journal

system is centuries old. The Journal Impact

Factor (JIF) – one of the most widely used

metrics for the measurement of scientific

reputation – has been around since 1961. This

method and others have been quite helpful in

the past to figure out who the real aces are,

given that scientific fields are often fragmented

into countless subdivisions

A major reason is the way how

scientific reputation is measured

today. The old methods just

aren’t fit for the web. Apart from

being last century, additional

reasons we have to part ways

with old metrics and establish a

new scientific track record.

For years scientists have

complained about how their

reputation is measured. Some

methods simply don’t reflect and

do justice to individual

achievements. A good example is

the JIF. This is the ratio between

the citations of a journal and the

sum of articles published in this

journal in the previous two years.

The JIF is issued by Thomson

Reuters yearly, and is meant to

serve as an indicator for the

prestige of a journal. Instead it’s

often used as a proxy for

scientists’ reputations. Even

Thompson Reuters cautions

against using the method as a

point of reference for individual

accomplishments. The company

writes on its website: “Again, the

impact factor should be used with

informed peer review. Citation

frequencies for individual articles

are quite varied.” Nevertheless,

the JIF is widely regarded as an

indicator for scientists’ credibility

For instance, the H-Index ties reputation to the

researcher more closely and is based on the

number of citations of single papers. One

problem remains though: these methods only

take into account what’s printed in journals, and

it can take years until an article is cited and

turns into a source for reputation

What we need now are metrics that count

everything a scientist does, no matter if it’s

published on paper or online

Publishing science online ideally isn’t only a

researcher’s paradise, but also serves the

general public.