The The RenaissanceRenaissancePower of the MonarchPower of the Monarch

Unit # 4 – Lesson 4

AgendaAgendaWarm UpReviewChurch v. CrownSovereignty of the Monarchy

Tuesday, March 11Tuesday, March 11Page 67

◦ Bell Ringer: What keeps people honest?◦ Objective: Analyze how sovereignty of monarch was

established◦ Homework: Reading/Questions – “I am the state”

Page 68◦ Attach reading: French Absolutism

Page 69◦ Attach reading: “English Monarch and the rise of

Parliament” Page 70

◦ Attach Reading “English Monarchy continues”Page 71

◦ Attach homework: “I am the state” If you write large, give yourself extra pages – ie,

68a, 69b

HousekeepingHousekeepingRemember to be keeping up with

your homework – it can be turned in late!◦-10% per day

Thursday tutorialWear your badgeUnit # 2 Packet due FridayTEST ON Thursday!!!!!!!

◦Vocab and Study Guide due Thursday, too

Page 67 – ReviewPage 67 – ReviewDescribe what is going on during this

period…

Religion

Art

Literature

Humanism

Hint: Think about the who, what, where, when, why

and how of these topics

Who has more power:Who has more power:The church or the The church or the crown?crown?On page 67, choose one (church

or crown)◦List 3 reasons WHY that one has the

most power◦Base your response off what we

have learned in class thus farNow we are going to talk about

this struggle from the side of the MONARCHS!

On page 67…On page 67…Define Monarch

◦You can use previous notes or the textbook

◦Or … you can use your memory!

French Monarchy: French Monarchy: Absolutism Absolutism Page 68Throughout the 1500s and 1600s, absolutism, when kings or queens have complete control over government and the lives of their subjects, was the most widespread political system in use in Europe and parts of Asia.

Religious wars between Catholics and Protestants tore France apart in the late 1500s.  In the 1640s, under Louis XIV, who assumed absolute power with the help of Cardinal Richelieu, France became the most powerful state in Europe.  Louis, known as "The Sun King," ruled for 72 years.  His claim to power was furthered by Jacques Bousset, who argued that Louis was god's representative here on earth

For the rest of his long reign, Louis XIV retained absolute power. He began a tradition of absolute monarchy in France that would last for more than a century. Louis demanded that he be in charge of all the military, political, and economic initiatives. The religion of his subjects was also under his direct control. By drawing so much power to himself and the central government, Louis deprived nobles of influence. They declined further in status when Louis built an enormous palace at Versailles, a few miles outside of Paris, and required that his nobles visit him there regularly. Nobles gained prestige by becoming servants in the king’s Versailles court instead of fighting or building local influence far from Paris. In addition, Louis urged nobles to develop expensive new habits of dressing and gambling. As the nobles thus grew poorer, they had to depend on the Kings generosity to survive.

Questions1. What is absolutism?2. What did Louis have power over?3. What was his relationship with the nobles?4. How did his giving nobles money increase

Louis power?

French Monarchy: French Monarchy: Absolutism Absolutism Page 68

Answer these questions in your notebook on page

68

What is absolutism?Chosen by god

What did Louis have power over?King had absolute power over France

What was his relationship with the nobles?Nobles borrowed money from the king

How did his giving nobles money increase Louis power?Nobles debt gave King the upper hand

Task: Make an illustration of absolutism

French Monarchy: French Monarchy: Absolutism Absolutism Page 68

Absolute MonarchyAbsolute MonarchyHow does this image

demonstrate an absolute monarch?

To have supreme and independent authority over a geographic area.

IN OTHER WORDS, supreme and independent power or authority in government as possessed or claimed by a state or community.

IN OTHER WORDS, ruling party that is completely free of outside control.

French Monarchy: French Monarchy: Sovereignty Sovereignty Page 69

VersaillesVersailles

During this time, the King of France had absolute power.

Write a short note to France.◦ Predict what is going to happen to the

government.Start with “Dear France,”

Make a prediction…Make a prediction…Page 68

The word 'parliament', derived from the French parlement, or Latin parliamentum, meant, in essence, 'discussion'. English kings had always discussed the affairs of the realm with their subjects, but under the Norman and Angevin kings these meetings had been described by contemporaries as 'councils'. Nevertheless, the use of the term 'parliament' signaled that important changes were happening. The council, made up of the king's closest advisors, would always remain at the heart of parliament, but from the 1240s the assembly began to acquire characteristics which made it clearly distinguishable from these older gatherings.

The real driving force behind this development was parliament's role in granting taxation to the king. Henry III was the first monarch to ask his subjects for taxation on a regular basis, because the income from crown lands was no longer sufficient on its own to fund the king's military expenditure. English monarchs like Henry III were then forced to invite more nobles/elite into parliament to raise more funds. Parliament therefore became synonymous with an enlarged gathering of the kingdom's political elite.

In the reign of Edward I (1272-1307) parliament became a more consistent part of political life, brought together as and when the king required it, which usually was when the crown needed taxation.

English Monarchy: English Monarchy: Rise of Rise of Parliament Parliament

English Monarchy: English Monarchy: Rise of Rise of Parliament Parliament Page 69

Questions1. Why did King Henry ask for taxation from his

subjects? 2. When did the parliament normally get

together?

English Monarchy: English Monarchy: Rise of Rise of Parliament Parliament Page 69• Why did King Henry ask for taxation from his

subjects?He need money for military expenditures

• When did the parliament normally get together?When Henry needed money

English Monarchy: English Monarchy: Parliament Parliament Page 69Task: Task:

Using this Using this historical historical

image image analyze analyze

the the distributiodistributio

n of n of power in power in

England – England – Who had Who had

the the power?!power?!

The incessant warfare between England and Scotland, and then France, in the 14th century cemented the place of a new group called the commons in parliament. This group was established as the crown regularly looked to members of Parliament to provide the funds necessary for defense and military campaigning.

At the start of Edward III's reign (1327-1377) the commons contained two distinct elements - the 'knights of the shire', who represented the counties, and the 'burgesses', who represented towns or cities.The knights were usually members of the landed gentry while the burgesses mostly rich merchants or lawyers.

Two representatives from each constituency were expected to attend each parliament. This meant that 74 knights could in theory be returned from 37 counties, and as many as 170 burgesses could be returned from a variable number of boroughs.

By the mid-14th century, parliament was passing a wide range of new laws, which had been suggested by members of Parliament. Typically these related to the kingdom's trade, commerce, defense, law and order.

At this time there was a growing awareness of the distinctive qualities it lent to the English political system. The great political writer of the 15th century, Sir John Fortescue, was able to muse on the differences between the English and French monarchies, stating that whereas the king of France could rule his people by such laws as he made himself and set upon them taxes without their assent, the king of England by contrast could not rule his people 'by laws other than those the people had assented to'.Parliamentary legislation was no longer enacted in the name of the king and council, but by 'authority of parliament', and the assembly itself was no longer seen as the superior court of the king, but as the 'high court of the realm'.

English Monarchy English Monarchy ContinuesContinues

TaskComplete a timeline of 5 critical events during the rise of England’s parliament.

English Monarchy: English Monarchy: Parliament Parliament Page 70

During this time, the King of England still had most of the power; however, we see that shift throughout history.

Write a short note to Prince William and Princess Katherine.◦ Their child is the heir to the

British Crown◦ Tell this child whether or not

it has any power in England.Start with “Dear Baby,”

Make an assertion…Make an assertion…Page 70

After Mazarin’s death in 1661, Louis XIV broke with tradition and astonished his court by declaring that he would rule without a chief minister., and making his motto “nec pluribus impar” (not equal to many). He viewed himself as the direct representative of God, endowed with a divine right to wield the absolute power of the monarchy. To illustrate his status, he chose the sun as his emblem and cultivated the image of an omniscient and infallible “”Sun King” around whom the entire realm orbited. While some historians question the attribution, Louis is often remembered for the bold and infamous statement “I am the State”.Homework Questions:

How does sovereignty and Louis quote “ I am the state” relate?

How does this passage illustrate absolutism? Choose 2-3 specific things that Louis XIV does to demonstrate his power.

Homework: “I am the state”Homework: “I am the state”

Exit TicketExit TicketLooking back to earlier in class…Who has more power: the church

or the crown?◦Answer in a complete sentence with

2-3 reasons WHY you chose the church or the crown