The renaissance of Canadian wood products and...
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WOOD 120 October 2015
The renaissance of Canadian wood products and advanced building systems
Chris Gaston, PhD
TM
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2Chris Gaston October 2015
Overview
• Canadian fibre supply
– land base, production and trade
• End-use markets
– Lumber, wood based panels and engineered wood products / composites• Residential, R&R, non-residential and industrial
– Bio-energy and bio-chemicals
• The renaissance of our industry!– Product and system evolution / revolution
• The Green Economy (?)
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3Chris Gaston October 2015
Overview of the Canadian forest sector
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4Chris Gaston October 2015
Forests of Canada
• 397.3 M hectares– 150.6 M certified
– 37.3 M national parks
• 2010 (hectares):– 0.69 M harvest
– 12.7 M lost to insects
– 2.6 M lost to fires
• 67% coniferous, 16% mixed wood and 11% hardwood
• 93% publicly owned
• 30% of the world’s boreal forest
Source: The State of Canada’s Forests, 2012 Annual Report
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5Chris Gaston October 2015
Forest industry in Canada—key facts
• Forest Sector Revenues (2010)
– Forestry and logging $ 7.8 Billion
– Pulp & paper $25.8
– Wood products $20.2
$53.8
• Contribution to GDP: $24 Billion
• Balance of Trade (2010): $17 Billion
• Average Wages per Employee (2011): $52,673 – 16% above the national average
• Direct jobs (2011): 233,900
• Job losses since 2006: 86,900
• Research and development (2011)
– Wood Products Manufacturing: $95 Million
– Pulp and Paper: $56
– Forestry and Logging: $ 6
Source: FPAC; The State of Canada’s Forests, 2012 Annual Report
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6Chris Gaston October 2015
Structural changes in (or affecting) supply
• US housing collapse
• Drop in newsprint consumption
• Rise in lower grade demand (China, bioenergy)
• Rise in CDN $ value against US currency
• Annual allowable cut drops– Recently Ontario and Quebec; pending in BC with the MPB)
• Increasing fiber costs
• Decreasing fiber quality
• Increasing natural
disturbances
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7Chris Gaston October 2015
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8Chris Gaston October 2015
Wood supply cost in Canada
Source: International Wood Markets Group, February 2007
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9Chris Gaston October 2015
Global fibre supply changes
Source: Pöyry
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10Chris Gaston October 2015
Canada forest products exports
Source: Global Trade Atlas
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11Chris Gaston October 2015
Canada lumber production
Source: Global Trade Atlas
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12Chris Gaston October 2015
Canada lumber exports
Source: Global Trade Atlas
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13Chris Gaston October 2015
Some context: wood-use in the U.S.
Source: RISI, Boston, Massachusetts
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14Chris Gaston October 2015
U.S. housing starts
Source: US Bureau of the Census
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15Chris Gaston October 2015
‘Stick-built’ platform frame construction
The average cost of rough framing, sheathing, soffit, and door / window installation is as low as $8 per sq. ft.($16,000 for a 2,000 sq. ft. home)
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16Chris Gaston October 2015
‘Pre-fab’ platform frame construction
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17Chris Gaston October 2015
Move to 6-story multi-family
Source: WoodWorks
Library Square, Kamloops, BC, 2010
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18Chris Gaston October 2015
Source: Adera, Vancouver, BC
Residential, University of BC
Move to 6-story multi-family
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19Chris Gaston October 2015
Six story hybrid wood-concrete
Source: FPI, Quebec
Quebec, QC2010
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20Chris Gaston October 2015
Six story hybrid wood-concrete
Source: FPI, Quebec
Concrete cores/walls to
resist lateral loads
Glulam post & beam
+ Three levels of parking (concrete)
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21Chris Gaston October 2015
Five story hybrid wood-concrete
Source: Perkins + Will
Earth Sciences Building, UBC
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22Chris Gaston October 2015
Five story hybrid wood-concrete
Source: Perkins + Will
Earth Sciences Building, UBC
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23Chris Gaston October 2015
Consumer reaction to Canadian softwoods
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24Chris Gaston October 2015
‘Tall Buildings’
Source: Michael Green Architecture
Wood Innovation Design Centre, Prince George, BC
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25Chris Gaston October 2015
‘Tall Buildings’
Source: http://www.vancitybuzz.com/2014/09/ubc-wooden-building/
Proposed 18-storey wood hybrid, UBC
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26Chris Gaston October 2015
‘Tall buildings’
Source: Michael Green Architecture
“We are in a unique moment in architectural and building engineering history when shifting world needs has asked us to question some of the fundamentals of how we have built for the last century and how we will build in the next.”
Michael Green
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27Chris Gaston October 2015
Wood Works 2014 Design Awards
Project of the Canadian Wood Council
Source: http://wood-works.ca/bc/
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28Chris Gaston October 2015
Wood Works 2014 Design Awards
Residential Wood DesignSilver Lake House, WashingtonHewitt+Company Architecture Inc.
Source: http://wood-works.ca/bc/
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29Chris Gaston October 2015
Wood Works 2014 Design Awards
Multifamily Residential Wood DesignRed Sky Townhomes, Whistler, B.C.aka architecture + design inc.
Source: http://wood-works.ca/bc/
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30Chris Gaston October 2015
Wood Works 2014 Design Awards
Commercial Wood DesignSalmon Arm Savings & Credit UnionRatio Architecture
Source: http://wood-works.ca/bc/
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31Chris Gaston October 2015
Wood Works 2014 Design Awards
Interior Beauty DesignForest House, Bowen Island, B.C.JWT Architecture and Planning
Source: http://wood-works.ca/bc/
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32Chris Gaston October 2015
Wood Works 2014 Design Awards
Institutional Wood DesignYunesit'in Health Centre, Hanceville, B.C.David Nairne + Associates Ltd.
Source: http://wood-works.ca/bc/
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33Chris Gaston October 2015
Wood Works 2014 Design Awards
Western Red CedarLiard River Hot Springs, Liard River, B.C.Formline Architecture + Urbanism
Source: http://wood-works.ca/bc/
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34Chris Gaston October 2015
Wood Works 2014 Design Awards
EngineerBow River Bridge in Banff, AlbertaFast + Epp Structural Engineers
Source: http://wood-works.ca/bc/
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35Chris Gaston October 2015
Wood Works 2014 Design Awards
Wood ChampionPeter Busby Perkins + Will
Source: http://wood-works.ca/bc/
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36Chris Gaston October 2015
Wood pellets
Source: www.pellet.org
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37Chris Gaston October 2015
Bio-pathways
Source: http://fpac.ca/
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38Chris Gaston October 2015
Bio-pathways
Source: FPInnovations
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39Chris Gaston October 2015
Bio-pathways II—value pathways in construction
• Market Leader Interviews– Architects feel very strong
social / environmental responsibility
• Survey state of market-ready and emerging technologies / products
• Address business models of innovation– How to foster new product
development
Source: http://fpac.ca/
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40Chris Gaston October 2015
Value pathways in construction
Forest Industry Transformation (IFIT) program provided$190 million in 2010/2014 to help with the “valley of death”.
Source: http://cfs-scf.nrcan-rncan.gc.ca/selective-cuttings/51
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41Chris Gaston October 2015
Examples of new tech / product development
• Past
– Heavy focus on commodities
– Heavy focus on manufacturing cost reductions
– More limited:• Wood modification
• Engineered wood products
• Present / future
– Growing interest in engineered wood products and systems
• Solid and Composites
– Bio-energy
– Bio-chemicals
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42Chris Gaston October 2015
Treated lumber
Source: US Borax
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43Chris Gaston October 2015
Thermally modified wood
Source: ThermoWood
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44Chris Gaston October 2015
Chemically modified (acetylated) wood
Source: Accsys Technologies
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45Chris Gaston October 2015
Non structural composites
Source: Trex
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46Chris Gaston October 2015
Decking
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47Chris Gaston October 2015
Decking
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48Chris Gaston October 2015
Decking
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49Chris Gaston October 2015
Decking
At stake for the U.S. market?
$4-5 billion annually
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50Chris Gaston October 2015
Profiled decking
Source: FPInnovations
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51Chris Gaston October 2015
Profiled decking
Source: FPInnovations
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52Chris Gaston October 2015
Sound abatement panels
Source: FPInnovations
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53Chris Gaston October 2015
Glulam
Source: Chantiers Chibougamau
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54Chris Gaston October 2015
Glulam
Source: Nordic, Structurlam, Western Archrib
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55Chris Gaston October 2015
Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL)
Source: FPInnovations
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56Chris Gaston October 2015
Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL)
Source: FPInnovations, Quebec City office/laboratory
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57Chris Gaston October 2015
Cross laminated timber
Source: FPInnovations
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58Chris Gaston October 2015
Cross laminated timber
Source: KLH
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59Chris Gaston October 2015
Cross laminated timber
8-Storey buildings, Växjö, Sweden
9-Storey building, London, UK
Source: KLH
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60Chris Gaston October 2015
Cross laminated timber
Source: KLH
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61Chris Gaston October 2015
Kobe-level seismic test
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62Chris Gaston October 2015
Cross laminated timber
FPInnovations has carried out a number of studies to develop seismic factors for CLT as a lateral load resisting system.
Source: FPInnovations
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63Chris Gaston October 2015
Courtesy of McFarland Marceaua r c h i t e c t s l t d
UBC Bio-energy R&D Project
Cross laminated timber
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64Chris Gaston October 2015
Parallel and laminated strand lumber (PSL. LSL)
Source: FPInnovations, Weyerhaeuser
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65Chris Gaston October 2015
Joists
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66Chris Gaston October 2015
Dascanova
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67Chris Gaston October 2015
Wood fibre insulation
Source: http://www.gutex.de/en/Products/Installation_and_Product_Information/#
Steico, Actis, Pavatex, Gutex and others
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68Chris Gaston October 2015
Biodiesel
Rudolf Diesel
Rudolf Diesel's designed his demonstrated engine in Germany in 1893 running on nothing but peanut oil.
Linoleum
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69Chris Gaston October 2015
Biodiesel
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70Chris Gaston October 2015
Biochemicals / bioproducts
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71Chris Gaston October 2015
Star Trek replicator
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72Chris Gaston October 2015
3-D printing
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73Chris Gaston October 2015
3-D printing
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74Chris Gaston October 2015
The ultimate goal
Transportation Fuels
Other Fuels and Products
Chemicals, Plastics, Rubber
Petroleum End-uses
70%
26%
4%
Revenues
43%
42%
15%
Source: T. Werpy, 2009 BioWorld Conference (Modified by Tom Brown)
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75Chris Gaston October 2015
Questions?
Chris Gaston
+1 604 827 1417