The Renaissance context. Harrowing of Hell 1,000 A.D. Apocalypse not!
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Transcript of The Renaissance context. Harrowing of Hell 1,000 A.D. Apocalypse not!
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The Renaissance
context
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Harrowing of Hell
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1,000 A.D.
Apocalypse not!
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Mosque at Cordoba,
Spain
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Greeks versus Christians
The Greeks The Christians
Naturalism Supernaturalism
Reason Faith
Science Dogma
Self-confidence Helplessness
Achievement Renunciation
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Thomas Aquinas(1225-74)
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Bourges Cathedral
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Perspective
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Michelangelo
David
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MichelangeloBuonarroti
(1475-1564)
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Pope Innocent III (1160-
1216) on the human body:
“Impure begetting, disgusting means of nutrition in his mother's womb, baseness of matter out of which man evolves, hideous stink, secretion of saliva, urine, and filth.”
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Lorenzo d’Medici
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Niccolo Machiavelli(1469-1527)
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Raphael, The School of Athens
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Christopher Columbus1451-1506
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Martin Luther
Luther on Aristotle: “Aristotle is truly a devil, a
horrid calumniator, a wicked sycophant, a prince
of darkness, a beast, a most horrid imposter on mankind, one in whom there is scarcely any
philosophy, a public and professed liar, a goat, and his followers are locusts, caterpillars, frogs, and
lice.”
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Leonardo da Vinci,
Vitruvian Man(c.1492)
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Andreas Vesalius
(1514-1564)
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Vesalius, base of the
brain
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Vesalius, Fabrica(1543)
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William Harvey
(1578-1657)
Circulation of the blood announced 1616.
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Ptolemy’s model of the
universe
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Nicolas Copernicus
d. 1543
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Heliocentric
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Retrograde motion explained!
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Copernicus,De
revolutionibus orbium
celestium(1543)
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Giordano Bruno
d. 1600
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Tycho Brahe
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Johannes Kepler
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Galileo Galilei(1564-1642)
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Galileo script
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Scholastic methodology and astronomy:"There are seven windows given to animals in the domicile
of the head. … From this and many other similarities in nature, such as the seven metals, etc., which were tedious
to enumerate, we gather that the number of planets is necessarily seven. Moreover these [alleged satellites of Jupiter] are invisible to the naked eye, and therefore can
exercise no influence on the earth, and therefore would be useless, and therefore do not exist. Besides, [from the
earliest times, men] have adopted the division of the week into seven days, and have names them after the seven
planets. Now, if we increase the number of the planets, this whole and beautiful system falls to the ground."
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Pope Urban VIII (became Pope in
1623)
Galileo when older
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Catholic Church, Codex of 1616
"Propositions to be forbidden:
“that the sun is immovable at the center of the heaven; that the earth is not at the center of the heaven, and is not immovable; but moves by a double motion."
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Religion in Europe,
1600
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Artist’s rendition of Galileo on trial
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Galileo Galilei died 1642,
Italy
Isaac Newton born 1642,
England
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Galileo's "Letter to Christina" (1615)Starting premise:God wrote two books: The book of Scripture and the book of Nature
On Scripture: On Nature:
If interpret literally, Scripture written to Scripture says little Scripture is about God created God gave mancontradictions common man's level about nature spiritual matters nature senses & reason
Don't interpret God intends for usliterally to use senses & reason
Sometimes interpret Scripture is not interested to understand natureScripture metaphorically in nature/physical matters
Scripture is not Two truths cannot Science is authoritativeauthoritative on contradict each other on naturenature
Purpose of philosophers Do not censoris to show harmony of scienceScripture and science
Philosophy's methodis investigation and debate
Reason and consent,not faith and force
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Gutenberg Bible
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Gutenberg