The Renaissance Began in Florence, Italy Began in Florence, Italy Approximately 1330- 1550...

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The Renaissance Began in Florence, Italy Began in Florence, Italy Approximately 1330- 1550 Approximately 1330- 1550 Slide 2 Renaissance Renaissance literally means, rebirth Renaissance literally means, rebirth It was a rebirth of Classical art, architecture, literature, philosophy, etc. It was a rebirth of Classical art, architecture, literature, philosophy, etc. Classic = Ancient Roman, Ancient Greek Classic = Ancient Roman, Ancient Greek Slide 3 Petrarch 1378: Italian poet, Petrarch, was the first to indicate that he clearly felt he was living in a new age. 1378: Italian poet, Petrarch, was the first to indicate that he clearly felt he was living in a new age. This new age upheld the values of Greece and Rome, the only values worthy of man This new age upheld the values of Greece and Rome, the only values worthy of man Slide 4 Vasari 1538: Giorgio Vasari was the first to assign the term Renaissance to this time period. 1538: Giorgio Vasari was the first to assign the term Renaissance to this time period. Wrote, Lives of the Artists Wrote, Lives of the Artists Slide 5 Plague 1348: Black Death strikes Florence 1348: Black Death strikes Florence Bubonic Plague: swollen and inflamed lymph nodes in the armpits and groin Bubonic Plague: swollen and inflamed lymph nodes in the armpits and groin Carried by the fleas on rats Carried by the fleas on rats Slide 6 Plague Ring around the Rosie, Pocket full of posies Ashes, ashes We all fall down - Refers to the plague and its symptoms Boccaccio lived through the plague: "The first signs of the plague were lumps in the groin or armpits. After this, livid black spots appeared on the arms and thighs and other parts of the body. Few recovered. Almost all died within three days, usually without any fever." Boccaccio lived through the plague: "The first signs of the plague were lumps in the groin or armpits. After this, livid black spots appeared on the arms and thighs and other parts of the body. Few recovered. Almost all died within three days, usually without any fever." Slide 7 Plague Europeans trying to make up for the losses due to the plague Europeans trying to make up for the losses due to the plague General desire for happiness, achievement, fulfillment, and replenish population General desire for happiness, achievement, fulfillment, and replenish population Slide 8 Passion for Knowledge 1450s: First Printing Press invented by Johannes Gutenberg 1450s: First Printing Press invented by Johannes Gutenberg Allowed the passionate search for knowledge to flourish Allowed the passionate search for knowledge to flourish Slide 9 Passion for Knowledge The study of Humanities was stressed The study of Humanities was stressed Humanities = Grammar, rhetoric, visual arts, music, poetry, languages, history, religion, philosophy Humanities = Grammar, rhetoric, visual arts, music, poetry, languages, history, religion, philosophy Learning that has to do with human culture Slide 10 Passion for Knowledge Greek language was reintroduced Greek language was reintroduced Renaissance thinkers fell in love with Greek philosophy all over again: Socrates, Aristotle, Plato Renaissance thinkers fell in love with Greek philosophy all over again: Socrates, Aristotle, Plato Slide 11 Passion for Knowledge Socrates (469-399 B.C.E.) Socrates (469-399 B.C.E.) Deeply interested in the question, How should one live? and the condition of the soul Deeply interested in the question, How should one live? and the condition of the soul Slide 12 Passion for Knowledge Plato (428-348 B.C.E.) Plato (428-348 B.C.E.) Believed that true knowledge can never be achieved through the senses because some concepts cannot be perceived through senses; truth is found in the world of ideas Believed that true knowledge can never be achieved through the senses because some concepts cannot be perceived through senses; truth is found in the world of ideas Slide 13 Passion for Knowledge Aristotle (384-322 B.C.E.) Aristotle (384-322 B.C.E.) Platos most famous pupil. Platos most famous pupil. Disagreed with Plato: believed that knowledge came from experience and experimentation Disagreed with Plato: believed that knowledge came from experience and experimentation Very interested in making potential a reality Very interested in making potential a reality Slide 14 Passion for Knowledge Vesalius: revolutionized medical practices Vesalius: revolutionized medical practices Relied upon experimentation (dissection) Relied upon experimentation (dissection) Replaced cauterization of wounds with ligature (Stitches) Replaced cauterization of wounds with ligature (Stitches) Slide 15 Adventure Spirit of adventure + desire for achievement= conquer lands Spirit of adventure + desire for achievement= conquer lands Spain wished to retake lands lost to Muslims during Crusades - Reconquista Spain wished to retake lands lost to Muslims during Crusades - Reconquista Achieved in 1492 Achieved in 1492 Expelled 200,000 Jews from reunited territories Expelled 200,000 Jews from reunited territories Slide 16 Adventure 1492: Spirit of adventure and achievement led to the founding of the Americas 1492: Spirit of adventure and achievement led to the founding of the Americas Slide 17 Adventure Americas were discovered by accident Americas were discovered by accident Trying to find an all- water-route to India for trade Trying to find an all- water-route to India for trade Turkey had raised their taxes Turkey had raised their taxes Slide 18 Adventure Christopher Columbus (1451- 1506) Christopher Columbus (1451- 1506) Born in Italy, moved to Portugal, sailed for Spain Born in Italy, moved to Portugal, sailed for Spain King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella funded his expedition King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella funded his expedition Slide 19 Adventure Columbus, Vasco da Gama, Amerigo Vespucci, Ferdinand Magellan, Cortes, Pizarro: All exploring/conquering for the 3-Gs: Columbus, Vasco da Gama, Amerigo Vespucci, Ferdinand Magellan, Cortes, Pizarro: All exploring/conquering for the 3-Gs: God, Glory, Gold God, Glory, Gold Slide 20 Adventure 1519: Hernan Cortes conquers Aztec empire (Yucatan Peninsula) 1519: Hernan Cortes conquers Aztec empire (Yucatan Peninsula) Slide 21 Adventure 1529: Francisco Pizarro conquers Inca empire (Peru, Chile) - Shown: Machu Picchu 1529: Francisco Pizarro conquers Inca empire (Peru, Chile) - Shown: Machu Picchu Slide 22 Crescent Moon & the Cross Crescent Moon: symbol of Islam Crescent Moon: symbol of Islam Cross: symbol of Christianity Cross: symbol of Christianity Common reference to the Crusades Common reference to the Crusades Over 10 Crusades Over 10 Crusades 1-4 Major 1st: 1095-1099 Last: 1420-1434 (Hussite Crusade) Slide 23 Crescent Moon & the Cross 1300s: Presence of Ottoman Turks in the Middle East threatened Venice, Genoa 1300s: Presence of Ottoman Turks in the Middle East threatened Venice, Genoa Slide 24 Crescent Moon & the Cross Byzantine Empire was sometimes called The East Roman Empire - inhabited by Greek-speaking Romans Byzantine Empire was sometimes called The East Roman Empire - inhabited by Greek-speaking Romans Capital: Constantinople (after Emperor Constantine the Great - C.E. 330) Capital: Constantinople (after Emperor Constantine the Great - C.E. 330) Slide 25 Crescent Moon & the Cross 1453: Constantinople conquered by Ottoman Turks 1453: Constantinople conquered by Ottoman Turks Renamed Istanbul in 1930 Renamed Istanbul in 1930 Slide 26 Crescent Moon & the Cross Hagia Sofia (Church of Holy Wisdom): Started as Eastern Orthodox Church, became Mosque at the fall of Constantinople, now museum - Istanbul Hagia Sofia (Church of Holy Wisdom): Started as Eastern Orthodox Church, became Mosque at the fall of Constantinople, now museum - Istanbul Slide 27 The Medici The Medici family was the most important family in Renaissance Florence The Medici family was the most important family in Renaissance Florence Family of Bankers, mafia- like (not overtly violent, but protective) Family of Bankers, mafia- like (not overtly violent, but protective) Funded many famous Renaissance artists Funded many famous Renaissance artists Slide 28 The Medici Most powerful bank in all of Europe Most powerful bank in all of Europe Influential from 1200s to 1600s Influential from 1200s to 1600s Many assassination attempts on family members Many assassination attempts on family members Slide 29 The Medici Most famous murder plot was the Pazzi Conspiracy Most famous murder plot was the Pazzi Conspiracy Pazzi family attacked Lorenzo & Giuliano in church on Easter Day, 1478 Giuliano was killed, Lorenzo escaped Giuliano was killed, Lorenzo escaped Slide 30 Notable Medici Members Salvestro de' Medici (1331 1388) dictator of Florence Salvestro de' Medici (1331 1388) dictator of Florence Salvestro de' Medici Salvestro de' Medici Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici (13601429) restored the family fortune and made the Medici family the wealthiest in Europe Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici (13601429) restored the family fortune and made the Medici family the wealthiest in Europe Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici Cosimo the Elder (1389 1464) founder of the Medici political dynasty Cosimo the Elder (1389 1464) founder of the Medici political dynasty Cosimo the Elder Cosimo the Elder Lorenzo the Magnificent (14491492) leader of Florence during the Golden Age of the Renaissance Lorenzo the Magnificent (14491492) leader of Florence during the Golden Age of the Renaissance Lorenzo the Magnificent Lorenzo the Magnificent Giovanni de' Medici (1475 1523) also known as Pope Leo X Giovanni de' Medici (1475 1523) also known as Pope Leo X Giovanni de' Medici Giovanni de' Medici Giulio de' Medici (1478 1534) also known as Pope Clement VII Giulio de' Medici Cosimo I the Great (1519 1574) First Grand Duke of Tuscany who restored the Medici luster Cosimo I the Great Catherine de' Medici (1519 1589) Queen of France Catherine de' Medici Alessandro Ottaviano de' Medici (15351605) also known as Pope Leo XI Alessandro Ottaviano de' Medici Marie de' Medici (1573 1642) Queen and Regent of France Marie de' Medici Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici (16671743) the last of the Medici line Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici Slide 31 Artists Slide 32 Brunelleschi Il Duomo (1418-1434) Il Duomo (1418-1434) (the dome of Basilica di Santa Maria del Fiore) (the dome of Basilica di Santa Maria del Fiore) Slide 33 Brunelleschi Slide 34 Slide 35 Brunelleschi Slide 36 Brunelleschi Looked to the Roman Pantheon for inspiration Looked to the Roman Pantheon for inspiration Slide 37 Ghiberti Brunelleschi lost to Ghiberti for commission to complete the doors of Florentine Bapistry Brunelleschi lost to Ghiberti for commission to complete the doors of Florentine Bapistry Ghibertis Doors of Paradise Ghibertis Doors of Paradise Slide 38 Ghiberti Slide 39 Albrecht Durer (German) (German) Self Portrait at 22 Self Portrait at 22 Slide 40 Albrecht Durer Self Portrait at 26 Self Portrait at 26 Slide 41 Albrecht Durer Self Portrait at 28 Self Portrait at 28 Slide 42 Albrecht Durer Praying Hands Praying Hands Slide 43 Albrecht Durer Young Hare (1502) Young Hare (1502) Water color Water color Slide 44 Albrecht Durer Knight, Death, and the Devil (1513) Knight, Death, and the Devil (1513) Engraving on copper Slide 45 Boticelli Primavera (1482) Primavera (1482) Slide 46 Boticelli Birth of Venus (1483) Birth of Venus (1483) Slide 47 Donatello David (1433) Slide 48 Donatello Gattamelata (1445) Gattamelata (1445) Slide 49 Donatello Mary Magdalene (1455) Mary Magdalene (1455) Slide 50 Raphael School of Athens (1509-1511) School of Athens (1509-1511) Slide 51 Raphael Socrates Socrates Famous Greek philosopher Slide 52 Raphael Euclid Euclid Greek mathematician Father of Geometry Slide 53 Raphael Pythagoras Pythagoras Greek mathematician Greek mathematician Pythagorean theorem Pythagorean theorem Father of Numbers Father of Numbers Slide 54 Raphael Ptolemy Ptolemy Roman mathematician, astronomer, geographer Slide 55 Raphael Strabo? Strabo? Greek historian and geographer Greek historian and geographer Galileo? Galileo? Renaissance astronomer Renaissance astronomer Castiglione? Castiglione? Renaissance author Renaissance author Slide 56 Raphael Alexander the Great Alexander the Great Slide 57 Raphael Diogenes of Sinope Diogenes of Sinope Famous philosophical beggar in Ancient Greece Famous philosophical beggar in Ancient Greece Slide 58 Raphael Heraclitus Heraclitus Greek philosopher even before Socrates Image of Michelangelo Image of Michelangelo Slide 59 Raphael Plato (left) Plato (left) Aristotle (right) Aristotle (right) Both holding their own books Both holding their own books Both gesturing their own beliefs Both gesturing their own beliefs (Plato looks like Da Vinci) (Plato looks like Da Vinci) Slide 60 Raphael Raphael himself Raphael himself Looking at camera Seems to know a secret Slide 61 Slide 62 Raphael School of Athens is actually 1 wall of a room of Raphaels frescoes School of Athens is actually 1 wall of a room of Raphaels frescoes In the Apostolic Palace in Vatican City In the Apostolic Palace in Vatican City Slide 63 Raphael Triumph of Galatea (1513) Triumph of Galatea (1513) Slide 64 Raphael Slide 65 Raphael Sistine Madonna (1512-1514) Sistine Madonna (1512-1514) Slide 66 Michelangelo David (1501-1504) David (1501-1504) Slide 67 Michelangelo Sistine Chapel- Exterior Sistine Chapel- Exterior Slide 68 Michelangelo Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel (1508-1512) Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel (1508-1512) Slide 69 Slide 70 Slide 71 Slide 72 Slide 73 Michelangelo The Last Judgment (1534-1541) The Last Judgment (1534-1541) Slide 74 Leonardo da Vinci Vinci is a town in Italy Vinci is a town in Italy No one knows his last name No one knows his last name Name literally means, Leonardo from Vinci Name literally means, Leonardo from Vinci Slide 75 Leonardo da Vinci Leonardo was old enough to be Michelangelos father Leonardo was old enough to be Michelangelos father They hated each other They hated each other Slide 76 Leonardo Mona Lisa (1503- 1506) Mona Lisa (1503- 1506) Slide 77 Leonardo Assumed that this is a self portrait (1513) Assumed that this is a self portrait (1513) Slide 78 Leonardo The Last Supper (1495-1497) The Last Supper (1495-1497) Slide 79 Leonardo Slide 80 Leonardo Slide 81 Leonardo Slide 82 Leonardo Slide 83 Leonardo Slide 84 Leonardo Slide 85 Leonardo Slide 86 Leonardo Slide 87 Leonardo Vetruvian Man