The religion based on Muhammad’s teachings and ideas that began spreading throughout Arab tribes in the

A.D. 600s.

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Muhammad was born in 570 A.D. in Saudi Arabia.

Muhammad was kind and his nickname was the “truthful one”. He was orphaned and his uncle raised him.Muhammad then became a successful merchant and married a wealthy widow.

Muhammad was upset about the cruelty of his people:• The way they killed baby girls to control the number

of women.• The mistreatment of the slaves.

However, he felt as if some part of his life was missing. So he went on a retreat…

Muhammad went to Mount Hira to pray in a small cave. He knew about Judaism and Christianity and wanted a deeper meaning for himself.

Muhammad had a very strong sense of right and wrong and wanted change. He had no idea that his prayers would lead to a new religion.

Islam began in 610 A.D.  

When Muhammad claimed that the Archangel Gabriel appeared in the cave.

 

Archangel Gabriel

The Crescent Star of Islam

• Archangel Gabriel is an angel who is thought to serve as a messenger from God. • He exists in multiple religions, including Christianity, Judaism, and Islam. •In Islam, he is the medium through which God revealed the Koran to Muhammad.

Archangel Gabriel

The Koran is the holy book of Islam. 

It contains the messages from the Archangel

from the past 22 years.

•Prior to moving to Medina, people moved in Mecca. 

•Mecca had 360 shrines to different gods.People didn’t like the idea of just one god. They thought that more gods gave them a better chance of getting answers to their prayers, so they became outcasts.

•They moved to Medina in 622 A.D.•Medina became the center of Islamic civilization.

Mecca

•By the time Muhammad died, he had united many people in the Arabian Peninsula. •It is said that Muhammad met Archangel Gabriel again at the end of his life. •The angel led the prophet to a mysterious animal called a burag. •This event is called the Night Journey. Muslims all over the world celebrate this event.

Depicted in the picture in the right is Muhammad ascending to the heavens on the burag, which appears to have a human face, angel wings, and a horse’s body.

• Muslims believe in the Five Pillars of Islam. Muslims must do these five things:

• The first, Shahadah, is a declaration of faith.

• The second pillar, Salaat, means that Muslims must pray five times a day.

• Zakaat, the third pillar, means to give to the poor.

• Muslims fast during the month of Ramadan.

• The last pillar is Haj, a pilgrimage to Mecca.

A supplicating pilgrim at Masjid Al Haram.

All Muslims want to go to Mecca (birthplace of Muhammad).

Pilgrimage To The Kaaba

Pilgrims wear white robes in Mecca to show equality in Allah’s eyes.

Ka’bah, or Kaaba, is a small brick building covered with a black cloth. The Kaaba represents monotheism.

Muslims say their prayers in mosques, but some carry a prayer rug to pray anywhere.

Mosque of Muhammad Ali stands within the walls of the Citadel in Cairo .

•Mosques are the spiritual centers of their communities.•Muslims follow certain rules while inside their mosques.

•Some mosques are made especially for women.•Muslims face Mecca when they pray. A niche on the wall shows the direction of Mecca.

Mosque Lamp

Muslims teach their children not to: •steal•cheat•lie•kill

•gamble•drink alcohol•betray their country•commit adultery

•Ramadan is a period of time where Muslims fast from sunrise to sunset. It is celebrated in the 9th month of the Islamic calendar.•Hajj is a religious pilgrimage to Mecca. It is celebrated in the last month of the Islamic calendar. During Hajj Muslims travel from Mecca, Medina, Mina, the Plain of Arafat, and Muzdalifah.

•At the end of the fast of Ramadan, Muslims hold a festival in celebrationcalled Id al-Fitr.•At the end of the pilgrimage of Hajj, Muslims celebrate Id al-Adha.

Muslims stone the three pillars. Each of the pillars signify the Devil and they throw pebbles at it.

570 A.D.Muhammad, “the truthful one”, born in Saudi Arabia.

610 A.D.Islam began, Muhammad reports receiving a revelation from God.

622 A.D.The first Muslims and Muhammad moved to Medina (Hijrah occurs).

632 A.D.1. Muhammad passed away. 2. Abu Bakr becomes the first Muslim Caliph.

635 A.D. - Arabs establish the major trading center of Basra on the Persian Gulf.

642 A.D.Muslims begin to build the Amr Mosque in Cairo.

661 A.D.The Islamic split between the Sunni and the Shi’ah doctrines occurs.

691 A.D.Muslims complete the Dome Of The Rock in Jerusalem.

711 A.D. 1. Tariq leads an expedition to Spain2. The Moors bring rice, saffron, and sugar to Spain.

732 A.D.The Franks defeat the Moors at the Battle Of Tours.

785 A.D.The Moors begin to build the Mosque Of Cordoba.

793 A.D.The city of Baghdad establishes a paper mill.

810 A.D.Al-Khwarizmi first uses the term al-jabr (algebra).

900 A.D.Writers start collecting the tales for The Thousand And One Nights.

942 A.D.Arabs bring kettle drums and trumpets to Europe.

950 A.D.Cordoba becomes the center of Arab learning and commerce in Spain.

970 A.D.A public hospital is founded in Baghdad.

1000 A.D.Leif Ericsson explores the North American Coast.

1030 A.D.Ibn Sina publishes The Canon Of Medicine.

1071 A.D.The Turks defeat the Byzantines at the Battle Of Manzikert.

1154 A.D.Al-Idrisi publishes his books of maps.

1206 A.D.Temujin is proclaimed Genghis Khan.

1215 A.D.The Magna Carta is signed.