The Reign of Terror Summer 1793 – Summer 1794. Opposition to the Revolution March 1793: A draft of...
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Transcript of The Reign of Terror Summer 1793 – Summer 1794. Opposition to the Revolution March 1793: A draft of...
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The Reign of TerrorSummer 1793 – Summer 1794
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Opposition to the Revolution• March 1793: A draft
of 300,000 is called for and The Vendee Rebellion erupts.
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The Committee of Public Safety
• In April 1793 France is at war with most of Europe
• France institutes a draft. In response, the West rebels and the economy suffers.
• The Mountain creates the Committee of Public Safety, 12 deputies that have executive power.
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Summer 1793May: Founding of the Society of Revolutionary Republican Women
June: Sans-culottes invade the Convention and force the arrest of the Girondins. Federalist revolts follow.
July: Jean-Paul Marat assassinated by Charlotte Corday
August: levee en masse instituted
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The Death of Marat
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Maximilian RobespierreAdmired Rousseau’s ideas
Worked as a lawyer and helped the poor.
Known as the incorruptible
If virtue be the spring of a popular government in times of peace, the spring of that government during a revolution is virtue combined with terror: virtue, without which terror is destructive; terror, without which virtue is impotent. Terror is only justice prompt, severe and inflexible; it is then an emanation of virtue; it is less a distinct principle than a natural consequence of the general principle of democracy, applied to the most pressing wants of the country ... The government in a revolution is the despotism of liberty against tyranny
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Fall 1793Sept
the CoPS takes complete control
The Beginning of the Terror
Law of Suspects passed
price controls enacted
October:Dechristianization
executions of Marie Antoinette, de Gouges,
and the Girondists
closure of women’s clubs
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peak of the executions, military and economic improvement
moderates begin calls for relaxing the terror
Winter ’93 - ’94
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Spring ‘94March: execution of the CordeliersApril: execution of Danton and DesmoulinsMay: the Cult of the Supreme Being is established
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Summer ‘94June: Law of 22 Prairial
July: 71 Girondin deputies reinstated
26th: Robespierre threatens unnamed deputies in a speech and is shouted down
27th: Robespierre is arrested
28th: He is executed
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The Thermidorean Reaction(1794-1795)
• The Thermidorian Reaction was a moderation of the revolution
• Reprisal violence was common and the Jacobin club was closed
• The new constitution created a bi-cameral legislature with the five-person Directory as the executive. Favored the bourgeoisie.