The reduction of complexity by means of indicators – Case studies in the environmental domain
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OECD World Forum “Statistics, Knowledge and Policy”, Palermo, 10-13 November 2004Walter Radermacher: The reduction of complexity by means of indicators
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OECD World Forum on Key Indicators
Statistics, Knowledge and Policy
Palermo, 10-13 November 2004
OECD World Forum on Key Indicators
Statistics, Knowledge and Policy
Palermo, 10-13 November 2004
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OECD World Forum “Statistics, Knowledge and Policy”, Palermo, 10-13 November 2004Walter Radermacher: The reduction of complexity by means of indicators
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The reduction of complexity by means of indicators –
Case studies in the environmental domain
by Walter RadermacherFederal Statistical Office of Germany
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OECD World Forum “Statistics, Knowledge and Policy”, Palermo, 10-13 November 2004Walter Radermacher: The reduction of complexity by means of indicators
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Involved actors:
1.1 Construction of Indicators
ScienceStatistics Users(e.g. Politics)
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OECD World Forum “Statistics, Knowledge and Policy”, Palermo, 10-13 November 2004Walter Radermacher: The reduction of complexity by means of indicators
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Indicators are in trade-off between …
Statisticalmeasurability
Scientific consistency
Political relevance
1.2 Construction of Indicators
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OECD World Forum “Statistics, Knowledge and Policy”, Palermo, 10-13 November 2004Walter Radermacher: The reduction of complexity by means of indicators
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2.1 From a detailed picture of reality…
Teatro Massimo
in Palermo
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OECD World Forum “Statistics, Knowledge and Policy”, Palermo, 10-13 November 2004Walter Radermacher: The reduction of complexity by means of indicators
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2.2 … you can zoom out…
Teatro Massimo
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OECD World Forum “Statistics, Knowledge and Policy”, Palermo, 10-13 November 2004Walter Radermacher: The reduction of complexity by means of indicators
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2.3 … to get a very general view.
Teatro Massimo
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OECD World Forum “Statistics, Knowledge and Policy”, Palermo, 10-13 November 2004Walter Radermacher: The reduction of complexity by means of indicators
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3.1 Work system of the actor “statistics”
macro indicatorsaccounts, detailed indicators
basic data
Statistics
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OECD World Forum “Statistics, Knowledge and Policy”, Palermo, 10-13 November 2004Walter Radermacher: The reduction of complexity by means of indicators
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Statistics Science Politics
macroindicators
accounts,detailed indicators
basic data
theoreticalconcept
basic research
model
politicalprogramme
politicaltopic
individualactions
3.2 Work systems of Statistics, Science and Politics
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OECD World Forum “Statistics, Knowledge and Policy”, Palermo, 10-13 November 2004Walter Radermacher: The reduction of complexity by means of indicators
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Example: green GDP
→ process of indicator-building runs once:concept defines basic research, statistics collect
the data, basic data are “summed up” to form the green GDP
→ middle level is irrelevant→ no valuation or assessments by politics
4.1 Dominance of Science
Risk: theoretically developed model solution, not suitable for practice
→ foundation: neo-classical concept (as theoretical concept),
world can be explained by economic theory→ indicators as a substitute of evaluation
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OECD World Forum “Statistics, Knowledge and Policy”, Palermo, 10-13 November 2004Walter Radermacher: The reduction of complexity by means of indicators
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Statistics Science Politics
macroindicator
basic data
theoreticalconcept
basic research
4.2 Dominance of Science
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OECD World Forum “Statistics, Knowledge and Policy”, Palermo, 10-13 November 2004Walter Radermacher: The reduction of complexity by means of indicators
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Example: topic-specific indicators (“pollutant of the day”)
→ process of indicator-building runs once:departing from political goal, individual actions and regulatory steps are initiated, the effects have to be
covered by basic data and represented by a topic indicator
→ top level is irrelevant→ no assessment by science
4.3 Dominance of Politics
Risk: change of political goals, short-lived indicators, inconsistency
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OECD World Forum “Statistics, Knowledge and Policy”, Palermo, 10-13 November 2004Walter Radermacher: The reduction of complexity by means of indicators
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Statistics Science Politics
accounts,detailed indicators
basic data
political topic
individual actions
4.4 Dominance of Politics
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OECD World Forum “Statistics, Knowledge and Policy”, Palermo, 10-13 November 2004Walter Radermacher: The reduction of complexity by means of indicators
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4.5 Dominance of Statistics
Statistics cone as shown on slide 8Risk: ignores relevance
Memo:
→ different users need different informationStatistics should always take visualisation into account
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OECD World Forum “Statistics, Knowledge and Policy”, Palermo, 10-13 November 2004Walter Radermacher: The reduction of complexity by means of indicators
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5. Conclusion
→ involvement of all three actors→ involvement of all three pyramid levels
→ discussion between the same pyramid levels (special role of science)
→ discussion within the work system
→ iterative decision-making process …
The ideal-type construction process:
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OECD World Forum “Statistics, Knowledge and Policy”, Palermo, 10-13 November 2004Walter Radermacher: The reduction of complexity by means of indicators
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Statistics Science Politics
6.1 Iterative decision-making process…
“laboratory” (theory)
A: Development of basic data (after consulting users)
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OECD World Forum “Statistics, Knowledge and Policy”, Palermo, 10-13 November 2004Walter Radermacher: The reduction of complexity by means of indicators
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Statistics Science Politics
6.2 …iterative decision-making process…
“laboratory”
B: Aggregation with scientific methods
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OECD World Forum “Statistics, Knowledge and Policy”, Palermo, 10-13 November 2004Walter Radermacher: The reduction of complexity by means of indicators
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6.3 …iterative decision-making process.
“laboratory”
“bazaar”(negotiations)
C: Selection of indicators
Statistics Science Politics
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OECD World Forum “Statistics, Knowledge and Policy”, Palermo, 10-13 November 2004Walter Radermacher: The reduction of complexity by means of indicators
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7. Implementation
• The presented model has been successfully applied to theconstruction of macro indicators for the state of the environment(project was carried out 1998-2000).
• The German sustainability strategy:→ 21 indicators for the 21st century were defined in 2002
(by politics)→ incl. quantitative targets for most of them.Aim: Developing an indicator approach for sustainability that is embedded in accounts and data basis. Result: Integrated sustainability policy.
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OECD World Forum “Statistics, Knowledge and Policy”, Palermo, 10-13 November 2004Walter Radermacher: The reduction of complexity by means of indicators
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For questions please feel free to contact:
Walter RADERMACHER tel: +49-611 75 22 00e-mail: [email protected]
(Source: http://www.llda.gov.ph,Laguna Lake Development Authority)
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OECD World Forum “Statistics, Knowledge and Policy”, Palermo, 10-13 November 2004Walter Radermacher: The reduction of complexity by means of indicators
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THANK YOU FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTION!
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OECD World Forum “Statistics, Knowledge and Policy”, Palermo, 10-13 November 2004Walter Radermacher: The reduction of complexity by means of indicators
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Back up!
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OECD World Forum “Statistics, Knowledge and Policy”, Palermo, 10-13 November 2004Walter Radermacher: The reduction of complexity by means of indicators
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Visualisation
Example: Water-Mondriaan
→ pioneered by The Netherlands (CES/1995/R.3) → graphical presentation of
water systems and water types, the colour of each box represents
the state of the water→ provides a quick picture of the
overall status of water→ the original data behind the
aggregated map can be viewed