The Reconstruction Era Ruins seen from the capitol, Columbia, S.C., 1865Ruins.
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Transcript of The Reconstruction Era Ruins seen from the capitol, Columbia, S.C., 1865Ruins.
The Reconstruction Era
http://www.archives.gov/research/civil-war/photos/images/civil-war-113.jpg
Ruins seen from the capitol, Columbia, S.C., 1865. Photographed by George N. Barnard. 165-SC-53.
After the War• South lay in ruins (destroyed)• Nearly 4 million freedman (freed slaves) needed food,
clothing, & jobs
• President Lincoln planned for Reconstruction, the rebuilding of the South
http://www.archives.gov/research/civil-war/photos/images/civil-war-112.jpg
Ruins seen from the Circular Church, Charleston, S.C., 1865. 111-B-4667.
Lincoln’s Reconstruction Plan• Reunite Union quickly• Southern state could
form a new government after 10 % of its voters swore loyalty to U.S.
• States also had to abolish slavery
• Many in Congress didn’t like Lincoln’s plan & wanted a stricter form of Reconstruction
http://www.archives.gov/research/civil-war/photos/images/civil-war-188.jpg
Acts of Congress• Freedman’s Bureau was created by
Congress– It gave food, clothing, & other kinds of help to
the freedman.
• Thirteenth Amendment – Passed by Congress in January, 1865– Ended slavery throughout the U.S.
Glimpses at the Freedmen - The Freedmen's Union Industrial School, Richmond, Va. / from a sketch by Jas E. Taylor (1866).
• Room of African American women sewing. http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/aaodyssey:@field(NUMBER+@band(cph+3a33775))
• Lincoln is assassinated by John Wilkes Booth on April 14, 1865
• Andrew Johnson became President
http://www.archives.gov/research/civil-war/photos/images/civil-war-202.jpghttp://www.archives.gov/research/civil-war/photos/images/civil-war-198.jpgJohn Wilkes Booth
Reconstruction Plan of Andrew Johnson
• In each southern states, a majority of voters must swear loyalty to the U.S.
• Each state must approve the 13th Amendment
• Then each state could rejoin the Union
http://www.archives.gov/research/civil-war/photos/images/civil-war-187.jpg
Andrew Johnson, Vice President & President
Response to Johnson’s Plan
• Southern States met Johnson’s demands• Republicans in Congress outraged because African
Americans were not allowed to vote & former Confederate Leaders were elected to Congress
Radical Reconstruction
• After the war, most southern states quickly ratified the 13th Amendment (ended slavery)– Then passed Black Codes,
which limited the rights of African Americans.
• Radical Republicans in Congress decide to take over Reconstruction– They wanted to break the
power of the southern planters and to make sure African Americans had the right to vote.
http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/sespics/34004.jpg
Radical Reconstruction (continued)
• 14th Amendment, 1868 – All people born in the U.S. are citizens. No state may take away rights of citizens.
• 15th Amendment, 1870 – The right to vote cannot be denied to citizens because of their race or color or because they were once enslaved.
• Reconstruction Act – Southern states had to ratify the 14th Amendment, African American men must be allowed to vote,…– Johnson vetoed these acts & Congress overrode his
veto; Congress eventually tried to impeach him
Changes in the South • Southern Republicans (scalawags), whites from
the North (carpetbaggers), & freed African Americans played important roles in southern governments.– Ku Klux Klan (KKK) -- formed by white southerners to
help them regain power & to keep African Americans and White Republicans out of office.
• Landless black and white sharecroppers became locked in a cycle of poverty.– Sharecroppers: person who farms land owned by
another in exchange for a share of the crops
Link to Pictures: http://www.grant.k12.ca.us/schools/rljr/students/resistance_to_reconstructi.htm
Reconstruction Ends
• Reconstruction ended after presidential candidate Rutherford B. Hayes made a private deal with southern politicians.
• After Reconstruction, a new industrial economy began to emerge in the South.
• Southern whites pass new laws to deny African Americans equal rights.– Poll Taxes, Literacy Tests, & Grandfather Clauses– Segregation, Jim Crow Laws, Lynching – Civil Rights Movement (100 years later)
• Civil War Pictures from the National Archives http://www.archives.gov/research/civil-war/photos/
• Many Reconstruction
http://cla.calpoly.edu/~lcall/204/outline.weekfour.html