The Punic Wars. Carthage Ancient Phoenician City Fertile interior land Massive port Produced the...
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Transcript of The Punic Wars. Carthage Ancient Phoenician City Fertile interior land Massive port Produced the...
The Punic Wars
CarthageAncient Phoenician CityFertile interior land
Massive portProduced the best NavyKnown to Rome as the
“Great Other”
Origins of the 1st Punic warCarthage owned part of Sicily
“Small” dispute in MessanaOne side went to Rome for aid and
the other went to Carthage Carthage was allowed to MessanaRome Felt obligated to respond.
1st Punic War (264 – 250BCE)Majority of the war was fought at seaRome had made many mistakes
during this war◦They were not sailors ◦Loss of many ◦fleets ◦Election of ◦New General ◦annually
1st Punic WarRomans were always better at
Land battleDevelopment of the “Corvus”
Plank of wood between boats
Results of 1st WarRome implemented
consequences on Carthage:◦Give up Sicily ◦Puppet Ruler
Rome learned new tactics for war at sea
Learned to conduct war on Grand Scale
Origins of the 2nd Punic WarPeace Treaty with Rome proved
difficult Rome was invading Corsica Hamilcar Barca
◦Conquered much of Spain ◦Despised Rome wanted to have
vengeance for Carthage Hamilcar was getting to old for battle.
Trained his son.
Hannibal Hannibal was quite
young when he became a leader
Military Genius◦Ancient and Modern
TacticsMarched on Rome at
the age of 25 Wanted to fight on
Carthaginian terms
2nd Punic WarRome had an “endless” supply
of manpower Rome had many alliancesAllies were tired of Roman
Treatment and Endless wars. Hannibal
decided to invade Italy itself
War broke out 218 BCE
2nd Punic War
2nd Punic War - Alps Hannibal’s march in to ItalyRoman’s were not prepared for
land invasionAs Hannibal
progressed out of Spain, Romans were not “threatened”
Rhone River in France
2nd Punic War - Alps Crossing the Alps – 217 BCEDangerous 2 reasons:
◦The weather/Ecology of the Mountains
◦Tribes they encountered “Freed” the
Gaul and other Germanic tribes of Northern Italy
2nd Punic War Roman react sending both
Consuls to meet Carthage forcesTrebbia River, Hannibal tricked
the Romans
2nd Punic War Romans
recouped, and met Hannibal a second time. Lake Trasimene. ◦Defeat Rome◦Still not receiving as much aid
Annual elections – 216 elections. ◦Would new consuls better Rome’s
chance?
Battle of Cannae
Results Of Cannae 212 BCERome rebuilt an army. 212 – 211
◦Rome and Carthage
attempts to starve each
other•Hannibal began to terrorize cities•Roman’s goal to keep Hannibal in the South part of Italy
Publius Cornelius Scipio AfricanusRan for Consul 205 BCEWould attack Carthage
204Carthage appealed for
Hannibal to return
Hannibal took 2 years to get back to Carthage.
Hannibal was able to raise more troops
Battle of Zama Both side had
about the same number of men.
Romans had the better cavalry
Hannibal, on home ground in Africa now, had his elephants
Scipio knew how Hannibal fought with trickery
Roman troops were prepared
End of the Second Punic War
VICTORY!!!
Results of 2nd Punic War Turning point for Rome & RepublicDuring the past 50 years Rome gained
control over the majority of the Mediterrannean
Republic had to adjust:◦ Fiances◦ Administration◦ Foreign Policy◦ Alliance system
Later Rome would have to face Greece
3rd Punic WarCarthage
recovered economically
The Roman Senate felt threaten
Cato – Senate Elder
Started to campaign with the slogan:Carthago Delenda Est! (Carthage must be
detroyed)
3rd Punic WarCato got his
way Rome
marched on Carthage
Carthage avoided fighting at first149 BCE – Carthage defends itself.
3 years of fighting, Carthage city walls were breached
Rome was victoriousDestruction of Carthage – Salted the
Land