Samuel Koeshall & Alexandre Rosa

The Pulse on PeasIncorporating Pulse Crop Species in Eastern Nebraska

Cropping Systems

Why integrate Pulse Crops?

• Diversify traditional (corn-soybean) crop rotation to increase

agronomic and economic sustainability

• Spread financial risks associated with low prices of corn and soy

affected by international supply/demand

• Increased ecological weed control, increased WUE, development

of soil microbiome, and increased soil nitrogen, and soil health

Adapted from: Werle et al. (2014: Weed Science 62:83-96).

Weed Control with Pulse Crops and Short Season Grain/Forage Crops

USA Dry Pea & Lentil Council

Markets & Growth

• Pulse Crop Value & Acres

• 3.5 million acres (2017)

• $US 700-800 million retail

revenue

• 2016/17 U.S Exports: 2.79

billion (lb.)

USA Dry Pea & Lentil Council

Pulse Crops• Edible seeds within the Legume family

• 11 types of pulse crops defined by FAO

• Dry Beans, Dry Peas, Chickpeas, Lentils

• Short, Flexible Growing Season

• Field Pea or Lentil (Mid-March to Mid-

July)

• Chickpea (early April to early August)

• Alternative Protein source, Sports Nutrition,

Asian Grain Markets…

Field Peas

(Pisum sativum L.)

Leguminosae family

•Hypogeal Growing Point

• Cool-season grain or forage crop

•Mid-March to July

• Native to Southwest Asia

• Major Pea Producers

•China, India, Canada, Russia, & United

States

• Major US Producers

•Washington, Montana, & North Dakota

Lentil (Lens culinaris)

Leguminosae family

• Primary use: grain product for cooking

• High relative protein content

• Native area: Near East, Egypt, Southern

Europe, Ethiopia, India

• Germination: Optimal range (18-21 Celsius)

• Versatile processing and consumption uses

• Flour, stews, breakfast cereals, salads

• Application in dryland and irrigated systems

Purdue Horticulture CropFactSheets

Chickpea

(Cicer arietinum L.)

Leguminosae family

• Native to humid or temperate climates

• Grown as a cool season crop in dry climates

• Many options for processing & consumption

• Hypercholesteremic Agent

• Self-pollinated crop

• Palouse Region: Washington & Idaho

• Specific Rhizobium variety for nodulation

Purdue Horticulture CropFactSheets, Grains Research and Development Corporation (GRDC)

74 bu/ac irrigated field peas (Perkins Co, NE)

Transitioning to organic - No herbicides

Precipitation in Nebraska

Spatial Climate Service, Oregon State University, 2000;

• Summer Fallow is a common management practice in western Nebraska to conserve water in semi-arid cropping systems.

• Yellow Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is a growing pulse crop in the Central Great Plains due to grain value and a short growing season.

• Yellow Field Pea can improve soil fertility, improve precipitation management, and suppress summer annual weeds while producing a high-protein cash crop.

~ 16 in ~ 22 in ~ 30 in

Average annual precipitation in inches across Nebraska. Adapted from: Spatial Climate Analysis Service (2000).

Results: Soil Fertility

Field Pea increased microbial activity and nitrogen mineralization over Summer Fallow at WCREC (North Platte, NE).

At HPAL (Sidney, NE), Nitrate-N and Soluble Salt was different between Summer Fallow and Field Pea.

Final Objective: Did Yellow Field Pea in place of Summer Fallow improve soil fertility and improve subsequent wheat yield?

Pictures from Sidney, NE High Plains Ag Lab (5-23-2018), Field Pea Rotation Study

Double Cropping vs. Traditional Rotation?

Pulse Crops Variety Trial - ENRECVariety Brand

50% bloom (DAP)*

Flowering rating

Maturity (1-10)*

Plant height (inches)

Moisture at harvest (%)

Test wt (lbs/bu)

Yield (bu/ac)

*

Yield (lbs/ac)

Yield rank

Yellow Peas

Agassiz Meridian Seed 58 Early 8 20.1 13.7 62.9 48 2893 1

AAC Profit Great Northern Ag 60 Late 6 27.6 23.2 60.8 45 2696 2

Jetset Meridian Seed 58 Early 10 24 12.7 63.7 44 2637 3

AC Earlystar Meridian Seed 58 Early 8 24.3 14.1 59.7 42 2516 4

CDC Inca Meridian Seed 60 Late 6 21.3 15.8 62.8 42 2493 5

Hyline Great Northern Ag 59 Mid 7 24.9 19.3 60.4 41 2468 6

AAC Carver Meridian Seed 58 Mid 7 27.6 14.8 62.0 41 2459 7

Spider Great Northern Ag 59 Mid 7 24.9 15.1 62.8 41 2452 8

CDC Saffron Meridian Seed 59 Mid 8 23.7 15.5 63.9 41 2445 9

4193 Montech 57 Early 8 21 13.3 62.4 38 2303 10

SW Midas Pulse USA 58 Mid 9 19.2 13.2 62.8 37 2231 11

LG Sunrise Pulse USA 57 Early 4 27.6 19.9 59.5 37 2210 12

1057 Montana Integrigy 60 Late 8 29.4 13.7 64.0 37 2207 13

4152 Montech 58 Mid 7 23.7 15.5 62.3 36 2181 14

DS-Admiral Pulse USA 57 Early 10 21.6 12.7 62.7 36 2137 15

CDC Amarillo Meridian Seed 60 Late 5 27.6 22.7 59.4 36 2135 16

Nette 2010 Pulse USA 57 Early 10 18.9 12.2 62.6 36 2133 17

CDC Spectrum Meridian Seed 60 Late 3 29.4 24.8 58.7 35 2084 18

Bridger Great Northern Ag 57 Early 8 23.1 14.6 63.0 35 2084 19

Navarro Great Northern Ag 56 Early 6 25.5 14.8 62.3 34 2063 20

Salamanca Great Northern Ag 59 Mid 7 29.4 15.9 62.4 34 2027 21

LG Amigo Pulse USA 58 Mid 5 26.1 16.4 62.1 33 2001 22

Partner NS Seed 58 Mid 8 22.8 14.2 48.7 28 1693 23

Durwood Pulse USA 58 Mid 6 30.9 16.6 61.7 26 1555 24

Dukat NS Seed 56 Early 10 12.3 13.5 62.8 22 1318 25

Average of all Varieties 58 Mid 7 24.3 15.9 61.4 37 2217

Difference required for significance at 5% 3 4 5 8 12 716

Pulse Crops Variety Trial - ENRECVariety Brand

50% bloom (DAP)*

Flowering rating

Maturity (1-10)*

Plant height (inches)

Moisture at harvest (%)

Test wt (lbs/bu)

Yield (bu/ac)

*

Yield (lbs/ac)

Yield rank

Green Peas

Pulse USA CDC Striker 9 25.8 13.6 63.7 46 2740 1

Great Northern Ag Shamrock 10 17.7 13.4 62.4 44 2665 2

Pulse USA SW Arcadia 10 21.3 12.1 63.7 43 2556 3

Meridian Seed CDC Greenwater 9 27.6 13.0 63.4 41 2471 4

Meridian Seed AAC Comfort 3 30.3 26.2 58.1 39 2319 5

Great Northern Ag Empire 4 35.7 17.6 62.7 29 1761 6

NS Seed Junior pea 6 26.1 18.2 27 1650 7

Average of all Varieties 7 26.4 16.3 62.3 38 2309

Difference required for significance at 5% 2 5 4 2 10 648

Lentils

Pulse USA CDC Maxim CL 10 31 1835 1

Pulse USA CDC Invincible CL 10 29 1738 2

Chickpeas

Meridian Seed CDC Orion 12.2 53.9 40 2418 1

Meridian Seed CDC Frontier 12.7 55.4 35 2088 2

* DAP, Days after planting

* 1 = late maturing, 10 = early maturing

* Yield at 60 lbs/bu and 13% moisture

Double Cropping Field Peas with Short Season Crops, Forages and Cover Crops in Eastern Nebraska

Pulse Crops Variety Trial - ENREC

Trial summary:

Location: Mead, NE - Saunders CO (GPS: 41°10'57.8"N 96°27'57.8"W)

Weather info: see Figure 1

Soil type: Silt Loam and Silt Clay Loam

Tillage practice: no-till

Previous crop: cornSeeding (date, rate, depth, inoculant):

Yellow peas (04/05/2018, 310,000 live plants/acre, 1.5-2 inches deep, liquid and peat inoculant 2x rate)

Green peas (03/30/2018, 310,000 live plants/acre, 1-1.5 inches deep, 2 peat-based pea inoculant)

Lentils (03/30/2018, 310,000 live plants/acre, 1 inch deep, 2 peat-based pea inoculant)

Chickpeas (04/12/2018, 300,000 for Orion and 220,00 live plants/acre for Frontier, 1.5 inch deep, diluted liquid inoculant plus a full rate of Verdesian N-Dure peat inoculant)

Herbicide program: Sharpen 2 oz + Prowl 2 pt

Harvest (date): yellow and green peas (07/12/2018); lentils (07/20/2018); chickpeas (08/13/2018)

Thank you!

Questions and Comments?