The Puerto Rican Danzavs.

Ludwig van Beethoven A musical comparison by Courtney McGranaghan

Puerto Rico Population = 3,989,133 (est. July 2011) 3,425 sq mi (9,104 sq km) island Ethnicities

White (mostly Spain) – 80.5% Black – 8% Native American – 0.4% Asian – 0.2% Other or mixed – 10.9%

Religious freedom Catholic – 85% Protestant – 5% Non-religious – 2.3% Other (Judaism, spiritualism, Santeria, etc.) - 3%

Puerto Rican Music Cultural Influences

Taíno Amerindian Various European cultures African Scottish/Irish Chinese United States-American Assorted Caribbean

Instruments Güicharo/güiro Cuatro Tambours Maracas

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WK-Cnx4GiV8

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iy3PfJSQ4nI

Puerto Rico Populated by the Taíno Indians when Christopher Columbus’s

second voyage made it a Spanish colony (1453) Natives were enslaved with the African slaves brought by colonists Thousands of Cubans fled from Fidel Castro (1960s) Many Storms/hurricanes

“1530 - within 6 weeks three storms strikes the island. 1533 - On July 26, a hurricane strikes the island. A month later, on

August 23, another hurricane strikes the island. 1537 - On July, a hurricane strikes the island. Few weeks later, on

August another hurricane strikes the island.” “Puerto Ricans are best known by speaking using lively hand and

facial gestures, as hand and body language are important forms of communication.”

The Puerto Rican Danza Originated with the Spanish “contradanza” circa 1840

Popular, slow, strictly-ruled dance “bastonero” led dancing couples through a series of “figures”

Eclipsed by the Cuban La habanera in general population Faster and livelier than contradanza Danced freely Very popular with the younger generation

Puerto Rican composers adapted the contradanza into a new genre Faster, longer sections, and less strict Kept contradanza core structure

Danza rose back to popularity with Manuel G. Tavares Tavares’s student Juan Morel Campos would soon bring the

Danza to its full potential

Juan Morel Campos and the Danza May 16, 1857 – April 26,

1896 Began to study music at 8

Learned to play most brass instruments

Student to Manuel G. Tavares Sent to Spain to study music

Wrote various forms of classical Best known for

danzas

Campos “developed it to its maximum expression”

Inspired by romance and women To include heartbreak

Wrote mostly for his dance orchestra – “La Lira Ponceña” Personally transcribed most

of those works to piano

The Danza Almost always in 2/4 Notable for their repetition

Common form is -A-A,-B-B,-C-C,-D-D,-B (or C) and Coda (optional) Begins with “paseo” – a tonal introduction lacking the rhythmic

accompaniment of other parts Usually 8 measures long and repeated

3 themes – 16 measures each and all usually repeated 1st and 2nd similar with “bombardino” and percussions playing a basic

rhythmic harmony 3rd theme features the “bombardino” playing melody

Ends with a repetition of the 1st or 2nd theme and an optional coda These sections are not repeated

Polyphonic with melody often switching between instruments Rich harmonic progression

Felices Dias One of Campos’s

most famous works “Festive” danza

Characterized by livelier rhythmic patterns than romantic danzas

A-A,-B-B,-C-C,-D-D,-B and Coda

Duple time (4/4)

Written for dance orchestra and transcribed to piano http://www.youtube.com/wat

ch?v=uHxHQti2f0Q

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NsC11t1u3Zghttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uHxHQti2f0Q

Ludwig van Beethoven Classical composer linking the

Classical and Romantic Eras Dec 16, 1770 – Mar 26, 1827 Born in Germany Oldest of 3 boys Recognized early as a musical

prodigy 1st public performance at 7.5

years old 1st composition before 14

years old Mother died 1787 Never again returned home Lived in Vienna

In Vienna, studied under Franz Joseph Haydn

Impulsive and excessive behavior, but extremely talented

Wrote his own music and went on tour, performing in many countries of Eastern Europe

Wrote when inspiration struck and created extravagant and dramatic music

Beethoven and the Scherzo Literally translated as “joke” – playful manner The scherzo was popularized and developed to its height

with Beethoven’s work From previous minuet

Slow, rigid dance style Much faster, no longer a dance, for entertainment

Stand-alone or part of larger works 3rd movement in most of Beethoven’s 9 symphonies

Scherzo added drama to a symphony where a minuet would have been to slow it down

Eroica – 3rd movement

Allegro Triple time (3/4) Repetition of each section

and a final repeat of the first for the ending

A work for a full orchestra Written to add drama

from the 2nd movement depiction of a funeral march

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zXVDDHB3ybU

ComparisonDanza Beethoven

~Dance music ~Ends in Coda ~Simple duple time~Dance orchestra~influenced by many cultures

~Music for entertainment ~Simple triple time ~Classical orchestra ~did not travel, small region of influence

~Evolved from unpopular, strict European-styled dance~Fast and Lively~Each section x2~Repeat 2nd movement at the end~Melody switches instruments~For orchestra

Works Cited http://welcome.topuertorico.org/culture/music.shtml http://www.ladanza.com/danza.htm#english

http://www.ladanza.com/morel.htm#english http://www.ladanza.com/forma.htm#english

http://www.musicofpuertorico.com/index.php/genre/danza/ http://www.prfdance.org/danza.htm http://www.lvbeethoven.com/Bio/BiographyLudwig.html http://www.pbs.org/wnet/gperf/education/beethoven.html http://wiki.youngcomposers.com/Scherzo http://www.beethovenseroica.com/Pg3_anal/3mov/3m01.htm

Youtube Guicharo: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WK-Cnx4GiV8 Maracas: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iy3PfJSQ4nI Felices dias: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NsC11t1u3Zg; http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=uHxHQti2f0Q Eroica: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zXVDDHB3ybU