The Protestant Reformation (1450-1565)

A Change in Religion…

The Catholic Church’s Problems• Charges of greed

(Indulgences)

• Weariness of the constraints it enforced

• Catholic church becomes defensive in the face of criticism

The Catholic Church’s Problems Part 2

• Corruption of the Renaissance Popes(Borgia Family)

• The controversy over the sale of indulgences

New Ideas?

New Cultural Ideas• Better educated,

urban population was more critical of the Church than peasants.

• Renaissance monarchs were growing impatient with the power of the Church

New Technological Ideas• Moveable type was

invented in 1450 by Johann Gutenberg

• Manufacture of paper becomes easier and cheaper

• Helped spread ideas before Catholics could squash them

Political Changes in Europe

Turmoil, Deception, Conflict…

Germany • Luther troubled by

the sale of indulgences

• Friar Tetzel sold indulgences in Wittenberg in 1517

• Luther posts his 95 Theses on October 31, 1517

Germany • Pope ignored Luther

at first.

• Luther attacks the Pope and his order of excommunication

• Luther hides in 1521

• The Peace of Augsburg and Division of Germany

England• Henry VIII marries 6

different women, 5 marriages annulled by Catholic Church

• Henry creates the Church of England and runs it (Anglican)

Reformation Ideas

Martin Luther’s Teachings

• Salvation by Faith Alone and Authority of the Scriptures Alone

• All people should be able to obtain heaven

• Indulgences should not guarantee heaven

John Calvin’s Teaching

• Predestination

• More of a stress on works than Luther

• Communion and Baptism – Acts were very important to salvation

The Counter-Reformation: The Catholic Response

Ingredients Of ResponsePOPE PIUS IV

•Created the idea of “The Inquisition”

•Religious warfare and a new Bible

•Ruled over the Council of Trent – Clarification of Church Doctorines

•He was a member of the DeMedici family

Results of the Reformation• Christian Church was

splintered in the West

• 100 Years’ War

• Right of Rebellion by Jesuits and Calvinists

• Pope’s power increased

Results of Reformation • Witch craze swept

Europe, Between 1561-1670, 13,000 people were executed as witches

• Possible reasons for this witchcraft craze – Religious Overload?

Assignment

• Use your notes to create a Concept Map of the Reformation.

• Your Concept Map should have the Title – “REFORMATION”

• Your Concept Map should have at least 15 detail bubbles coming off of the Title Bubble