The Promised Glory of the New House Haggai...

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Commentary by Ron Thomas Questions by John C. Sewell

The Promised Glory of the New House

Haggai 2:1-23

Landmark Publications, Inc., 1045 Maynor Street, Nashville, TN 37216, U.S.A., John C. Sewell, Ph.D., Editor.

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The Promised Glory of the New House Haggai 2:1-23, 1. In the seventh month, in the one and twentieth day of the month, came the word of the Lord by the prophet Haggai, saying, 2. Speak now to Zerubbabel, the son of Shealtiel, governor of Judah, and to Joshua the son of Josedech, the high priest, and to the residue of the people, saying, 3. Who is left among you that saw this house in her first glory? and how do ye see it now? is it not in your eyes in comparison of it as nothing? 4. Yet now be strong, O Zerubbabel, saith the Lord; and be strong, O Joshua, son of Josedech, the high priest; and be strong, all ye people of the land, saith the Lord, and work: for I am with you, saith the Lord of hosts: 5. According to the word that I covenanted with you when ye came out of Egypt, so my spirit remaineth among you; fear ye not. 6. For thus saith the Lord of hosts; Yet once, it is a little while, and I will shake the heavens, and the earth, and the sea, and the dry land; 7. And I will shake all nations, and the desire of all nations shall come: and I will fill this house with glory saith the Lord of hosts. 8. The silver is mine, and the gold is mine, saith the Lord of hosts. 9. The glory of this latter house shall be greater than of the former, saith the Lord of hosts: and in this place will I give peace, saith the Lord of hosts. 10. In the four and twentieth day of the ninth month, in the second year of Darius, came the word of the Lord by Haggai the prophet, saying, 11. Thus saith the Lord of hosts; Ask now the priests concerning the law, saying, 12. If one bear holy flesh in the skirt of his garment, and with his skirt do touch bread, or pottage, or wine, or oil, or any meat, shall it be holy? And the priests answered and said, No.




13. Then said Haggai, If one that is unclean by a dead body touch any of these, shall it be unclean? And the priests answered and said, it shall be unclean. 14. Then answered Haggai, and said, So is this people, and so is this nation before me, saith the Lord; and so is every work of their hands; and that which they offer there is unclean. 15. And now, I pray you, consider from this day and upward, from before a stone was laid upon a stone in the temple of the Lord: 16. Since those days were, when one came to an heap of twenty measures, there were but ten: when one came to the pressfat for to draw out fifty vessels out of the press, there were but twenty. 17. I smote you with blasting and with mildew and with hail in all the labours of your hands; yet ye turned not to me, saith the Lord. 18. Consider now from this day and upward, from the four and twentieth day of the ninth month, even from the day that the foundation of the Lord’s temple was laid, consider it. 19. Is the seed yet in the barn? yea, as yet the vine, and the fig tree, and the pomegranate, and the olive tree, hath not brought forth; from this day will I bless you. 20. And again the word of the Lord came unto Haggai in the four and twentieth day of the month, saying, 21. Speak to Zerrubbabel, governor of Judah, saying, I will shake the heavens and the earth; 22. And I will overthrow the throne of kingdoms, and I will destroy the strength of the kingdoms of the heathen; and I will overthrow the chariots, and those that ride in them; and the horses and their riders shall come down, every one by the sword of his brother. 23. In that day, saith the Lord of hosts, will I take thee, O Zerub-babel, my servant, the son of Shealtiel, saith the Lord, and will make thee as a signet; for I have chosen thee, saith the Lord of hosts.




Commentary: I. This chapter 2 continues with three additional exhortations from the Lord; two were in chapter 1.

A. The exhortations in this chapter are:

1. though the rebuilt temple is small in their eyes, the Lord is with them and pleased.

a. Haggai 2:1-9, In the seventh month, in the one and twentieth day of the month, came the word of the Lord by the prophet Haggai, saying, Speak now to Zerubbabel, the son of Shealtiel, governor of Judah, and to Joshua the son of Josedech, the high priest, and to the residue of the people, saying, Who is left among you that saw this house in her first glory? and how do ye see it now? is it not in your eyes in comparison of it as nothing? Yet now be strong, O Zerubbabel, saith the Lord; and be strong, O Joshua, son of Josedech, the high priest; and be strong, all ye people of the land, saith the Lord, and work: for I am with you, saith the Lord of hosts: According to the word that I covenanted with you when ye came out of Egypt, so my spirit remaineth among you; fear ye not. For thus saith the Lord of hosts; Yet once, it is a little while, and I will shake the heavens, and the earth, and the sea, and the dry land; And I will shake all nations, and the desire of all nations shall come: and I will fill this house with glory, saith the Lord of hosts. The silver is mine, and the gold is mine, saith the Lord of hosts. The glory of this latter house shall be greater than of the former, saith the Lord of hosts and in this place will I give peace, saith the Lord of hosts.




2. The people were unclean before the Lord

a. Haggai 2:10-19, In the four and twentieth day of the ninth month, in the second year of Darius, came the word of he Lord by Haggai the prophet, saying, Thus saith the Lord of hosts; Ask now the priests concerning the law, saying, If one bear holy flesh in the skirt of his garment, and with his skirt do touch bread, or pottage, or wine, or oil, or any meat, shall it be holy? And the priests answered and said, No. Then said Haggai, If one that is unclean by a dead body touch any of these, shall it be unclean? And the priests answered and said, it shall be unclean. Then answered Haggai, and said, So is this people, and so is this nation before me, saith the Lord; and so is every work of their hands; and that which they offer there is unclean. And now, I pray you, consider from this day and upward, from before a stone was laid upon a stone in the temple of the Lord: Since those days were, when one came to an heap of twenty measures, there were but ten: when one came to the pressfat for to draw out fifty vessels out of the press, there were but twenty. I smote you with blasting and with mildew and with hail in all the labours of your hands; yet ye turned not to me, saith the Lord. Consider now from this day and upward, from the four and twentieth day of the ninth month, even from the day that the foundation of the Lord’s temple was laid, consider it. Is the seed yet in the barn? yea, as yet the vine, and the fig tree, and the pomegranate, and the olive tree, hath not brought forth; from this day will I bless you. The promise of an overthrow of the Gentile kingdoms.




3. The Lord will be with Israel.

a. Haggai 2:20-23, And again the word of the Lord came unto Haggai in the four and twentieth day of the month, saying, Speak to Zerrubbabel, governor of Judah, saying, I will shake the heavens and the earth; And I will overthrow the throne of kingdoms, and I will destroy the strength of the kingdoms of the heathen; and I will overthrow the chariots, and those that ride in them; and the horses and their riders shall come down, every one by the sword of his brother. In that day, saith the Lord of hosts, will I take thee, O Zerubbabel, my servant, the son of Shealtiel, saith the Lord, and will make thee as a signet; for I have chosen thee, saith the Lord of hosts.

B. This chapter will be outlined according to there exhortations.

II. The Lord is with Judah.

A. Haggai 2:1-9, In the seventh month, in the one and twentieth day of the month, came the word of the Lord by the prophet Haggai, saying, Speak now to Zerubbabel, the son of Shealtiel, governor of Judah, and to Joshua the son of Josedech, the high priest, and to the residue of the people, saying, Who is left among you that saw this house in her first glory? and how do ye see it now? is it not in your eyes in comparison of it as nothing? Yet now be strong, O Zerubbabel, saith the Lord; and be strong, O Joshua, son of Josedech, the high priest; and be strong, all ye people of the land, saith the Lord, and work: for I am with you, saith the Lord of hosts: According to the word that I covenanted with you when ye came out of Egypt, so my spirit remaineth among you; fear ye not. For thus saith the Lord of hosts; Yet once,




it is a little while, and I will shake the heavens, and the earth, and the sea, and the dry land; And I will shake all nations, and the desire of all nations shall come: and I will fill this house with glory saith the Lord of hosts. The silver is mine, and the gold is mine, saith the Lord of hosts. The glory of this latter house shall be greater than of the former, saith the Lord of hosts: and in this place will I give peace, saith the Lord of hosts.

B. The time of the year Haggai spoke the Lord’s word to the people.

1. Haggai 2:1, In the seventh month, in the one and twentieth day of the month, came the word of the Lord by the prophet Haggai, saying,

2. One month later than the second exhortation from Haggai, he speaks again. 3. This would be equivalent to our October/November.

a. This is probably best understood to be, also, in the second year of Darius. b. Haggai 1:15, In the four and twentieth day of the sixth month, in the second year of Darius the king.

C. This Temple is “nothing” in comparison with the previous Temple.

1. Haggai 2:2-5, Speak now to Zerubbabel, the son of Shealtiel, governor of Judah, and to Joshua the son of Josedech, the high priest, and to the residue of the people, saying, Who is left among you that saw this house in her first glory? and how do ye see it now? is it not in your eyes in comparison of it as nothing? Yet now be strong, O




Zerubbabel, saith the Lord; and be strong, O Joshua, son of Josedech, the high priest; a nd be strong, all ye people of the land, saith the Lord, and work: for I am with you, saith the Lord of hosts: According to the word that I covenanted with you when ye came out of Egypt, so my spirit remaineth among you; fear ye not.

2. The word of exhortation is, again, to the leaders of the people, Joshua (the High Priest) and Zerubbabel (the governor). 3. A comparison of the two structures.

a. When Solomon authorized the building of the Temple his father (David) had made the preparations. The suggested cost of that temple was in the neighborhood of 3-5 billion dollars (Coffman).

i. If this is correct the price would include all the overlaying with gold.

ii. A magnificent structure indeed!

iii. “The first temple had been erected by a wise ruler of a wealthy nation in collaboration with building experts. The second was built by a basal state, with no king and no real wealth” (Clinton Gill, p. 247).

4. We (people in general) have such a tendency to look at things of value through the eyes of how much money we spend.

a. Yet, as we look at Haggai 2:4, “Yet now be strong, O Zerubbabel, saith the Lord; and be strong, O Joshua,




son of Josedech, the high priest; and be strong, all ye people of the land, saith the Lord, and work: for I am with you, saith the Lord of hosts:” we get no impression that the Lord is looking at the value of something through the lenses of “how much money we spend.” b. He looks at the value of something through the lens of a faithful (obedient) heart.

i. Exodus 19:5-6; Now therefore, if ye will obey my voice indeed, and keep my covenant, then ye shall be a peculiar treasure unto me above all people; for all the earth is mine. And ye shall be unto me a kingdom of priests, and an holy nation. These are the words which thou shalt speak unto the children of Israel.

D. The Messianic Promise.

1. Haggai 2:6-9, For thus saith the Lord of hosts; Yet once, it is a little while, and I will shake the heavens, and the earth, and the sea, and the dry land; And I will shake all nations, and the desire of all nations shall come: and I will fill this house with glory saith the Lord of hosts. The silver is mine, and the gold is mine, saith the Lord of hosts. The glory of this latter house shall be greater than of the former, saith the Lord of hosts: and in this place will I give peace, saith the Lord of hosts.

2. The next four verses have generated a great many words concerning the application. Is this Messianic or something else?

3. “it is a little while” (NKJV). “In just a little while” (NET). “Soon I will again shake . . .” (CEV). “Before long I will




shake . . .” (GNB). This perplexing phrase has troubled many with respect to its meaning. There is a technical footnote in the NET that is instructive, but not all that helpful.

a. However, the point being made is that the anticipated action is imminent; thus, the repetition provides emphasis.

4. Hailey noted that Keil & Delitzsch devoted 13 pages in their commentary to an analysis of this passage; that is Haggai 2:6-9.

a. Coffman was emphatic in what he thought 2:6 meant: “We hold these words to be unequivocally a reference to the final Judgment that shall close the age of probation for the human race” (p. 203).

b. Because the Hebrew’s writer associates what he wrote with the words of the prophet, it appears Coffman is correct.

c. “Thus, the inspired New Testament confirms our understanding of this passage in Haggai as a reference to eternal judgment and the cosmic disturbances that shall mark the onset of that event” (p. 203).

III. The People Were Unclean Before the Lord.

A. Haggai 2:10-19, In the four and twentieth day of the ninth month, in the second year of Darius, came the word of he Lord by Haggai the prophet, saying, Thus saith the Lord of hosts; Ask now the priests concerning the law, saying, If one bear holy flesh in the skirt of his garment, and with his skirt do touch bread, or pottage, or wine, or oil, or any meat, shall it be holy? And the priests




answered and said, No. Then said Haggai, If one that is unclean by a dead body touch any of these, shall it be unclean? And the preists answered and said, it shall be unclean. Then answered Haggai, and said, So is this people, and so is this nation before me, saith the Lord; and so is every work of their hands; and that which they offer there is unclean. And now, I pray you, consider from this day and upward, from before a stone was laid upon a stone in the temple of the Lord: Since those days were, when one came to an heap of twenty measures, there were but ten: when one came to the pressfat for to draw out fifty vessels out of the press, there were but twenty. I smote you with blasting and with mildew and with hail in all the labours of your hands; yet ye turned not to me, saith the Lord. Consider now from this day and upward, from the four and twentieth day of the ninth month, even from the day that the foundation of the Lord’s temple was laid, consider it. Is the seed yet in the barn? yea, as yet the vine, and the fig tree, and the pomegranate, and the olive tree, hath not brought forth; from this day will I bless you.

B. The time of the year Haggai spoke to the people. Note the following from the footnote section of the NET: “The twenty-fourth day of the ninth month of Darius’ second year was Kislev 24 or December 18, 520 B.C.”

C. Questions asked.

1. Haggai 2:11-14, Thus saith the Lord of hosts; Ask now the priests concerning the law, saying, If one bear holy flesh in the skirt of his garment, and with his skirt do touch bread, or pottage, or wine, or oil, or any meat, shall it be holy? And the priests answered and said, “No.” Then said Haggai, If one that is unclean by a dead body touch any of these, shall it be unclean? And the priests answered and said, it shall be unclean. Then answered Haggai, and said, So is this people, and so is this nation before me, saith the Lord; and so is




every work of their hands; and that which they offer there is unclean.

2. Can a holy thing make something else holy? The answer was, “No” because “the garment made holy could not communicate holiness beyond itself” (Hailey, p. 312). 3. Can an unholy thing make something else unholy? The answer here is, “Yes.” “The influence of holiness is not as far reaching as unholiness. A rotten apple will corrupt a barrel of good apples, but a good apple will not make a barrel of bad ones good” (Clinton Gill, p. 252). 4. It appears a faulty attitude overcame many of the people who returned from captivity.

a. Some had an attitude of, “Because I am doing the Lord’s work (that is, working on the Temple) I will be considered holy by the Lord.” b. This was an attitude the Lord rejected and Haggai preached against. c. In Jeremiah 7:1-12, a similar attitude existed and the Lord warned them of their pending destruction.

i. Jeremiah 7:1-12, The word that came to Jeremiah from the Lord, saying, Stand in the gate of the Lord’s house, and proclaim there this word, and say, Hear the word, of the Lord, all ye of Judah, that enter in at these gates to worship the Lord. Thus saith the Lord of hosts, the God of Israel, Amend your ways and your doings, and I will cause you to dwell in this place. Trust ye not in lying words, saying, The temple of the Lord,




The temple of the Lord, The temple of the Lord, are these. For if ye thoroughly amend your ways and your doings; if ye thoroughly execute judgment between a man and his neighbour; If ye oppress not the stranger, the fatherless, and the widow, and shed not innocent blood in this place, neither walk after other gods to your hurt; Then will I cause you to dwell in this place, in the land that I gave to your father, for ever and ever. Behold, ye trust in lying words, that cannot profit. Will ye steal, murder, and commit adultery, and swear falsely, and burn incense unto Baal, and walk after other god whom ye know not. And come and stand before me in this house which is called by my name, and say, We are delivered to do all these abominations: In this house, which is called by my name, become a den of robbers in your eyes? Behold, even I have seen it, saith the Lord. But go ye now unto my place which was in Shiloh, where I set my name at the first, and see what I did to it for the wickedness of my people Israel.

5. The problem viewed from two perspectives:

a. They regarded the Temple to be holy because of its association with the Lord. That association and their work on it would mean holiness was “transferred.” The Lord said this was not the case. b. Their attitude/disposition corrupted those things they were doing for the Lord, the Lord said it was unclean – this would include the work on the Temple (if it were not completed – though by this time we know it was)




and that which they offered to the Lord on His altar of burnt offering and the produce of the land.

D. Consider what I have done to you.

1. Haggai 2:15-19, And now, I pray you, consider from this day and upward, from before a stone was laid upon a stone in the temple of the Lord: Since those days were, when one came to an heap of twenty measures, there were but ten: when one came to the pressfat for to draw out fifty vessels out of the press, there were but twenty. I smote you with blasting and with mildew and with hail in all the labours of your hands; yet ye turned not to me, saith the Lord. Consider now from this day and upward, fro the four and twentieth day of the ninth month, even from the day that the foundation of the Lord’s temple was laid, consider it. Is the seed yet in the barn? yea, as yet the vine, and the fig tree, and the pomegranate, and the olive tree, hath not brought forth; from this day will I bless you.

2. In Haggai 1:5-6, Now therefore thus saith the Lord of hosts; Consider your ways. Ye have sown much, and bring in little; ye eat, but ye have not enough ye drink, but ye are not filled with drink; ye clothe you, but there is none warm and he that earneth wages earneth wages to put it into a bag with holes.

a. The Lord already had them to consider the lack they had to endure.

b. This was the Lord’s response to their devotion – trying to get their attention because they knew He would bless them if they were faithful to His covenant.




c. That they turned in a less than bountiful crop should have spoken volumes to them.

3. Yet, they did not reflect upon the Lord’s will and neither did they regard this as the Lord’s doing.

a. So the Lord said they needed to consider again by asking where the seed is (i.e., the seed they would use to plant the next year’s crop). b. It is implied that there would be no seed because the crop that did come forth was eaten. c. Perhaps, it could be understood that of the crop that did come forth, the people would have spared some seed in order to plant the following spring, though they would have planted little. d. This, no doubt, would have been a frightful occasion to those who depended heavily upon the land.

4. Though their “fright” was before them, Haggai said the Lord would actually bless them.

IV. Haggai’s Last Message to Them Was a Message of Encouragement.

A. Haggai 2:20-23, And again the word of the Lord came unto Haggai in the four and twentieth day of the month, saying, Speak to Zerrubbabel, governor of Judah, saying, I will shake the heavens and the earth; And I will overthrow the throne of kingdoms, and I will destroy the strength of the kingdoms of the heathen; and I will overthrow the chariots, and those that ride in them; and the horses and their riders shall come down, every one by the sword of his brother. In that day, saith the Lord of hosts, will I take thee, O Zerubbabel, my servant, the son of Shealtiel, saith the Lord, and




will make thee as a signet; for I have chosen thee, saith the Lord of hosts.

B. This is another message given to Haggai.

1. Perhaps it follows hard upon the previous message, picking up with the sentiment of the last few words.

C. This message was to Zerubbabel, the governor.

1. But, this message seems to indicate something more than just a word of encouragement to the people who just returned from exile.

a. “The participle here suggests an imminent under-taking of action (cf. NRSV, TEV, NLT “I am about to). b. The overall language of the passage is eschatological, but eschatology finds its roots in the present” (NET, footnote).

2. The JSB states that this message “does not directly relate to the matter of building a legitimate, efficacious temple, or turning material lack into prosperity” (p. 1247).

3. Later, in the commentary section, the JSB leaves open the possibility of this being Messianic (without their so stating).

a. If this is correct, then Zerubbabel would be a “stand in” (Coffman), a man representing something greater. b. “This time the promise looks beyond the material blessings to the fulfillment of the spiritual hope in Zerubbabel, the head of the nation and a descendent of David” (Hailey, p. 314).




c. This would be a reference to the Messiah.

4. “God’s promise to Zerubbabel has to do with the reversal of human values rather than political agitation. It occurred, according to the understanding of the Hebrew writer, with the establishment of the church” (Clinton Gill, p. 254).

5. The phrase, “in that day”, is significant. It suggests something beyond the time in which Haggai spoke.

a. Coffman said this phrase, “. . . almost invariably means ‘in the days of the New covenant . . .’” (p. 217).

b. The promise made to David (2 Samuel 7) is now revived in Zerubbabel (Hailey).

i. 2 Samuel 7:11-16, And as since the time that I commanded judges to be over my people Israel, and have caused thee to rest from all thine enemies. Also the Lord telleth thee that he will make thee an house. And when thy days be fulfilled, and thou shalt sleep with thy fathers I will set up thy seed after thee which shall proceed out of thy bowels, and I will establish his kingdom.

c. “The noun signet ring, used also to describe Jehoiachin (Jeremiah 22:24-30) refers to a ring seal worn by a king or other important person and used as his signature. d. Zerubbabel was a grandson of King Jehoiachin (1 Chronicles 3:17-19; Matthew 1:12); God once pro-nounced that none of Jehoiachin’s immediate




descendants would rule (Jeremiah 22:24-30), but here he reverses that judgment. e. Zerubbabel never ascended to such a lofty position of rulership; he is rather a prototype of the Messiah who would sit on David’s throne” (NET, footnote, E-Sword).

i. Jeremiah 22:24-30, As I live, saith the Lord, though Coniah the son of Jehoiakim king of Judah were the signet upon my right hand yet would I pluck thee thence; And I will give thee into the hand of them that seek thy life, and into the hand of them whose face thou fearest, even into the hand of Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon, and into the hand of the Chaldeans. And I will cast thee out and thy mother that bare thee into another country, where ye were not born; and there shall ye die. But to the land whereunto thy desire to return, thither shall they not return. Is this man Coniah a despised broken idol? is he a vessel wherein is no pleasure? wherefore are they cast out, he and his seed, and are cast into a land which they know not? O earth, earth, earth, hear the word of the Lord. Thus saith the Lord, Write ye this man childless, a man that shall not prosper in his days: for no man of his seed shall prosper, sitting upon the throne of David, and ruling any more in Judah.

ii. 1 Chronicles 3:17, And he reared up the pillars before the temple, one on the right hand, and the other on the left; and called the name of that on the right hand Jachin, and the name of that on the left Boaz.




iii. Matthew 1:12, And after they were brought to Babylon, Jechonias begat Salathiel; and Salathiel begat Zorobabel;

Conclusion:

I. A remark from Coffman effectively summarizes a proper under-standing of what is in view: “Zerubbabel is seen as a type of Christ in that, ‘He led the people out of Babylonian bondage, as Christ would lead his people out of the bondage of sin. Also, he built a temple, as Christ built the far greater Temple; that is, of his Church’” (Coffman, citing the words of Clinton Gill, p. 218).




References: Coffman, James B. (Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, and Haggai) E-Sword (Barnes, John Gill, Jamison, Faussett, and Brown NET footnotes, Adam Clarke) Gill, Clinton (Minor Prophets, Bible Study Textbook Sesries)

Goebel Music, The Minor Prophets, Power Lectures Hailey, Homer (minor Prophets, Baker) Jewish Study Bible (JSB) Keil & Delitzsch (minor Prophets vol. 10, Hendrikson) Smith, Ralph (WBC, Micah – Malachi, vol. 32)




Questions

Haggai 2:1-23

(Questions based on NIV text.) 1. The __________________ of the _______________ came through the _______________ _______________ on the _______________ - _________________ day of the _______________ month. (Name this Jewish month. _______________) 2. How did the new temple (known as Zerubbabel’s temple) compare with Solomon’s temple? ______________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. God told the leaders and the people to be ___________________ and _______________, for I am _______________ _______________. My _______________ remains among you. Do not _______________.” 4. What promise did God make in verses 6-9? _____________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. When did God shake the heavens and the earth, the sea, dry land and nations? Is this literal? _______________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________




______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. How would the glory of Zerubbabel’s temple exceed the glory of Solomon’s temple? __________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. Whose idea was it to build Solomon’s temple? Whose idea was it to build Zerubbabel’s temple? ___________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. When was the foundation of Zerubbabel’s temple laid? ___________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. What point was made by referring to (clean and defiled) ceremonial laws? _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________




10. Contrast things as they were before and after the foundation of Zerrubbabel’s temple was laid. What made the difference? __________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 11. Give the historical fulfillment of the prophecies in verses 22, 23. When did these things happen? ________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 12. What is meant by the promise that God would make Zerubbabel like his signet ring? What is a signet ring? Why had God chosen Zerubbabel? _______________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________



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