The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea
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Transcript of The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Christine L. Case
M I C R O B I O L O G Ya n i n t r o d u c t i o n
ninth edition TORTORA FUNKE CASE
11The Prokaryotes:Domains Bacteria
and Archaea
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The Prokaryotes
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Domain Bacteria
Proteobacteria From the mythical Greek god,
Proteus, who could assume
many shapes
Gram-negative
Largest taxonomic
group of bacteria
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The Alphaproteobacteria
Have prosthecae
Caulobacter: Stalked
bacteria found in lakes
Hyphomicrobium:
Budding bacteria
found in lakes
Figures 11.2b, 11.3
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The Alphaproteobacteria
Plant pathogen
Agrobacterium:
Insert a plasmid
into plant cells,
inducing a tumor
Figure 9.19
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The Alphaproteobacteria
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria
Azospirillum
Grow in soil, using
nutrients excreted by
plants
Fix nitrogen
Rhizobium
Fix nitrogen in the
roots of plantsFigure 27.5, step 5
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The Betaproteobacteria
Neisseria
Chemoheterotrophic,
cocci
N. meningitidis
N. gonorrhoeae
Spirillum
Chemoheterotrophic,
helical
Figures 11.4, 11.6N. gonorrhoeae
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The Betaproteobacteria
Bordetella
Chemoheterotrophic, rods
B. pertussis - causes whooping caugh
Burkholderia: Nosocomial infections
Zoogloea: Slimy masses in aerobic sewage-treatment
processes
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The Gammaproteobacteria
Pseudomonas
Opportunistic
pathogens
Metabolically
diverse
Polar flagella
Moraxella: Conjunctivitis
Figure 11.7
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The Gammaproteobacteria
Legionellales
Legionella
Found in streams,
warm-water pipes,
cooling towers
L. pneumophilia
Figure 24.15b
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The Gammaproteobacteria
Vibrionales
Found in coastal water
Vibrio cholerae causes
cholera
V. parahaemolyticus
causes gastroenteritis
Usually from
undercooked shellfish
Figure 11.8
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The Gammaproteobacteria
Enterobacteriales (enterics)
Peritrichous flagella, facultatively anaerobic
Enterobacter
Erwinia
Escherichia
Klebsiella
Proteus
Salmonella
Serratia
Shigella
Yersinia
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The Gammaproteobacteria
Figure 11.9
Proteus mirabilis
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The Gammaproteobacteria
Pasteurellales
Pasteurella multocida
Cause pneumonia and septicemia
Ex. Komodo dragon bite
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The Deltaproteobacteria
Bdellovibrio: Prey on
other bacteria
Figure 11.10
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The Deltaproteobacteria
Myxococcales
Gliding
Cells appregate to
form myxospores.
Figure 11.11b
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The Epsilonproteobacteria
Helicobacter
Multiple flagella
Peptic ulcers
Stomach cancer
Figure 11.12
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The Nonproteobacteria Gram-Negative Bacteria
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Cyanobacteria
Oxygenic photosynthesis
Gliding motility
Fix nitrogen
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2H2O + CO2
light(CH2O) + H2O + O2
2H2S + CO2
light(CH2O) + H2O + 2S0
Figure 11.14
Purple and Green Photosynthetic Bacteria
Anoxygenic
photosynthesis
Purple and green sulfur
bacteria
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Firmicutes
Low G + C
Gram-positive
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Clostridiales
Clostridium
Endospore-producing
Obligate anaerobes
Associated Diseases:
Tetanus C. tetani
Botulism C. botulinum
Gas Gangrene C. perfringens
Epulopiscium
Figures 11.15, 11.16
Clostridium tetani
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Bacillales
Bacillus
Endospore-producing rods
Human Pathogen:
B. anthracis
B. cereus
Figure 11.17b
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Bacillales
Staphylococcus
Cocci
S. aureus – produced many toxins & yellow pigment
Common cause of food poisoning
Figure 11.18
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Lactobacillales
Generally aerotolerant
anaerobes, lack an
electron-transport chain
Lactobacillus
Streptococcus
Enterococcus
Listeria
Figure 11.19
Streptococcus
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Mycoplasmatales
Wall-less, pleomorphic
0.1 - 0.24 µm
M. pneumoniae
Figure 11.20a–b
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Actinobacteria
Mycobacterium
M. tuberculosis
M. leprae
Propionibacterium acnes
Streptomyces – produce many antibiotics
Figure 11.21b
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Chlamydias
Have unique life cycle
Chlamydia trachomatis
STD, urethritis
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Chlamydias
Figure 11.23a
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Chlamydophila
Figure 11.23b
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Spirochaetes
Borrelia – Lyme disease
Treponema pallidum - syphilis
Figure 11.24
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Bacteroidetes
Anaerobic
Bacteroides are found in the mouth and large
intestine
Up to 1 billion per gram of feces
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Domain Archaea
Hyperthermophiles
Pyrodictium
Sulfolobus
Methanogens
Methanobacterium
Extreme halophiles
Halobacterium
Figure 11.26
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Microbial Diversity
PCR indicates up to 10,000 bacteria/gm of soil.
Many bacteria have not been identified or
characterized because they
Haven't been cultured
Need special nutrients
Are a part of complex food chains requiring the
products of other bacteria
Need to be cultured to understand their metabolism
and ecological role