The PROGRESSIVE ERA Nation of Nations Chapter 22.
-
Upload
alexis-singleton -
Category
Documents
-
view
220 -
download
1
Transcript of The PROGRESSIVE ERA Nation of Nations Chapter 22.
![Page 1: The PROGRESSIVE ERA Nation of Nations Chapter 22.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649f575503460f94c7bf09/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The PROGRESSIVE ERA
Nation of Nations
Chapter 22
![Page 2: The PROGRESSIVE ERA Nation of Nations Chapter 22.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649f575503460f94c7bf09/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The Spirit of Progressivism
Progressivism not a __________ movement
Shared values• sense of evangelical Protestant duty
• faith in the benefits of _______
• commitment to improve all aspects of American life
![Page 3: The PROGRESSIVE ERA Nation of Nations Chapter 22.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649f575503460f94c7bf09/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The Rise of the Professions
Professions bulwarks of Progressivism• Law
• Medicine
• Business
• Education
• Social work
Professionalism strengthened through entrance exams, national associations
![Page 4: The PROGRESSIVE ERA Nation of Nations Chapter 22.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649f575503460f94c7bf09/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The Social-Justice Movement
Reformers forsake _______reform to address larger structural problems
Apply scientific methods to social reform Social work became a profession
![Page 5: The PROGRESSIVE ERA Nation of Nations Chapter 22.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649f575503460f94c7bf09/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The Purity Crusade
Crusade against _______ 1911--membership in Women's Christian
Temperance Union hits 250,000 1916--19 states prohibit alcohol 1920--___Amendment prohibits alcohol
![Page 6: The PROGRESSIVE ERA Nation of Nations Chapter 22.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649f575503460f94c7bf09/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Woman Suffrage, Woman's Rights
Women fill Progressive ranks• National Conference of Social Work
• General Federation of Women's Clubs
1890--National American Woman Suffrage Association formed
1920--_______ Amendment passed Suffrage seen as empowering women to
benefit the disadvantaged
![Page 7: The PROGRESSIVE ERA Nation of Nations Chapter 22.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649f575503460f94c7bf09/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Women’s Suffrage Before 1900
![Page 8: The PROGRESSIVE ERA Nation of Nations Chapter 22.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649f575503460f94c7bf09/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
A Ferment of Ideas:Challenging the Status Quo
Progressives, pragmatists, measure value of ideas by actions they inspire
Reject _______ _______ John Dewey--education should stress
personal growth, free inquiry, creativity
![Page 9: The PROGRESSIVE ERA Nation of Nations Chapter 22.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649f575503460f94c7bf09/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
A Ferment of Ideas:Challenging the Status Quo (2)
1901--_______ party formed Unites intellectuals, factory workers, tenant
farmers, miners, lumberjacks Promises Progressive reform rather than
overthrow of capitalism 1912--Socialist presidential candidate
_______ _______polls over 900,000 votes
![Page 10: The PROGRESSIVE ERA Nation of Nations Chapter 22.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649f575503460f94c7bf09/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Reform in the Cities and States
Progressives wanted government to follow the public will
Reform government• reorganize for efficiency, effectiveness• new agencies address particular social ills• posts staffed with experts• _______ power extended at all levels
![Page 11: The PROGRESSIVE ERA Nation of Nations Chapter 22.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649f575503460f94c7bf09/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Interest Groups and the Decline of Popular Politics
Decline in voter participation• 77% from 1876-1900
• 65% from 1900-1916
• 52% in the 1920s
• remains near 52% through 20th century
• _______ _______get favorable legislation through _______
![Page 12: The PROGRESSIVE ERA Nation of Nations Chapter 22.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649f575503460f94c7bf09/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Voter Participation in Presidential Elections, 1876-1920
![Page 13: The PROGRESSIVE ERA Nation of Nations Chapter 22.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649f575503460f94c7bf09/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Reform in the Cities
Urban reform leagues form professional, nonpolitical civil service
_______commissioners replace elected officials in many cities
City ______ idea spreads
![Page 14: The PROGRESSIVE ERA Nation of Nations Chapter 22.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649f575503460f94c7bf09/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Action in the States
State regulatory commissions created to investigate economic life
Initiative, referendum, and recall created
1917--17th Amendment provides for direct election of U.S. senators
![Page 15: The PROGRESSIVE ERA Nation of Nations Chapter 22.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649f575503460f94c7bf09/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Action in the States:Reform Governors
Robert ______ of Wisconsin• ______ taps experts in higher education for
help in sweeping reforms
Other Progressive governors• Joseph Folk of Missouri
• Hiram Johnson of California
• Charles Evans Hughes of New York
• Woodrow Wilson of New Jersey
![Page 16: The PROGRESSIVE ERA Nation of Nations Chapter 22.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649f575503460f94c7bf09/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
The Republican Roosevelt
Often defies convention Brings an exuberance to the presidency Surrounds himself with able associates
![Page 17: The PROGRESSIVE ERA Nation of Nations Chapter 22.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649f575503460f94c7bf09/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Busting the Trusts
1902--wave of trust-busting led by suit against Northern Securities Company
1904--Northern Securities dissolved Roosevelt reputed a "trust-buster" Comparatively _____antitrust cases
under Roosevelt
![Page 18: The PROGRESSIVE ERA Nation of Nations Chapter 22.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649f575503460f94c7bf09/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
________ in the Coalfields
1902--United Mine Workers strike in Pennsylvania threatens U.S. economy
U.M.W., companies to White House Roosevelt wins company concessions by
threatening military seizure of mines Roosevelt acts as broker of interests
![Page 19: The PROGRESSIVE ERA Nation of Nations Chapter 22.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649f575503460f94c7bf09/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Roosevelt Progressivism at Its Height
1904—A four-way election• Republican—Theodore Roosevelt
• Democrat—Alton B. Parker
• Socialist—Eugene V. Debs
• Prohibition—Silas C. Swallow
Roosevelt wins 57% of popular vote, 336 electoral votes
![Page 20: The PROGRESSIVE ERA Nation of Nations Chapter 22.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649f575503460f94c7bf09/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: The PROGRESSIVE ERA Nation of Nations Chapter 22.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649f575503460f94c7bf09/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Regulating the Railroads 1903--Elkins Act prohibits railroad rebates,
strengthens Interstate Commerce Commission Widespread popular demand for further railroad
regulation after Roosevelt’s reelection 1906--Hepburn Act further strengthens Interstate
Commerce Commission • membership from five to seven
• may fix reasonable maximum rates
• jurisdiction broadened to include oil pipeline, express, sleeping car companies
![Page 22: The PROGRESSIVE ERA Nation of Nations Chapter 22.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649f575503460f94c7bf09/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Cleaning Up Food and Drugs
Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle (1906) prompts federal investigation of meatpacking industry
1906--Meat Inspection Act• sets rules for sanitary meatpacking
• requires government inspection of meat products Samuel Hopkins Adams exposes dangers of
patent medicines 1906--Pure Food and Drug Act
• requires manufacturers to list certain ingredients
• bans manufacture and sale of adulterated drugs
![Page 23: The PROGRESSIVE ERA Nation of Nations Chapter 22.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649f575503460f94c7bf09/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Conserving the Land
First comprehensive national conservation policy• policy defines “conservation” as wise use of
natural resources
______ acreage under federal protection
![Page 24: The PROGRESSIVE ERA Nation of Nations Chapter 22.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649f575503460f94c7bf09/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
National Parks and Forests
![Page 25: The PROGRESSIVE ERA Nation of Nations Chapter 22.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649f575503460f94c7bf09/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Conserving the Land (2)
Roosevelt’s challenge• attacks “malefactors of great wealth”
• criticizes ______ of federal courts
• agitates for ______ legislation
Popular response• business leaders blame for financial panic
• overwhelming majority support
![Page 26: The PROGRESSIVE ERA Nation of Nations Chapter 22.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649f575503460f94c7bf09/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
The Ordeal of William Howard Taft
Taft able administrator, poor president Conservative Republicans resurge Taft loses support of Progressives
![Page 27: The PROGRESSIVE ERA Nation of Nations Chapter 22.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649f575503460f94c7bf09/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: The PROGRESSIVE ERA Nation of Nations Chapter 22.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649f575503460f94c7bf09/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Taft Alienates the Progressives
1910--Taft successfully pushes Mann-Elkins Act to strengthen ICC• empowers ICC to fix railroad rates
• Progressive Republicans attack Taft’s plan of a Commerce Court to hear ICC appeals
• progressives obstruct Taft’s negotiations
1910--Taft attacks Progressive Republicans, Democrats gain Congress
![Page 29: The PROGRESSIVE ERA Nation of Nations Chapter 22.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649f575503460f94c7bf09/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Taft Alienates the Progressives (2)
Legislation protecting laborers Sixteenth Amendment creates income tax Taft a greater trustbuster than Roosevelt Taft, Roosevelt attack one another publicly 1912--Taft renominated by Republicans,
little chance for victory
![Page 30: The PROGRESSIVE ERA Nation of Nations Chapter 22.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649f575503460f94c7bf09/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Differing Philosophies in the Election of 1912
Roosevelt--Progressive ("Bull Moose") • “___________”
• federal regulation of economy
• wasteful competition replaced by efficiency
Woodrow Wilson--Democrat• "___________" for individual
• restrain big business, government
Democrats win White House, Congress
![Page 31: The PROGRESSIVE ERA Nation of Nations Chapter 22.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649f575503460f94c7bf09/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: The PROGRESSIVE ERA Nation of Nations Chapter 22.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649f575503460f94c7bf09/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Woodrow Wilson's New Freedom
Woodrow Wilson former president of Princeton, governor of New Jersey
Progressive, intellectual, inspiring orator, racist
One of America's most effective and dangerous presidents
![Page 33: The PROGRESSIVE ERA Nation of Nations Chapter 22.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649f575503460f94c7bf09/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
The New Freedom in Action
1913--Underwood Tariff cuts duties 1913--_________ reforms banks,
establishes stable currency 1914--Clayton Antitrust Act outlaws
unfair trade practices, protects _______ 1914--Federal Trade Commission
![Page 34: The PROGRESSIVE ERA Nation of Nations Chapter 22.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649f575503460f94c7bf09/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
New Freedom in Action: Retreating from Reform
November, 1914--Wilson announces the "New Freedom" has been achieved
It was “a time of healing because a time of just dealing”
Statement stuns many progressives
![Page 35: The PROGRESSIVE ERA Nation of Nations Chapter 22.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649f575503460f94c7bf09/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Wilson Moves Toward the New Nationalism
Reasons for the move • distracted by the outbreak of war in Europe
• needs conservative _______ support
• Republicans seem to gain by attacking his programs
1916--Presidential election
![Page 36: The PROGRESSIVE ERA Nation of Nations Chapter 22.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649f575503460f94c7bf09/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Wilson Moves Toward the New Nationalism (2)
Wilson renews reform in reelection bid• Federal Farm Loan Act
• intervenes in strikes on behalf of workers
• attempts to ban child labor
• increases income taxes on the rich
• supports women’s suffrage
Program wins Wilson a close election
![Page 37: The PROGRESSIVE ERA Nation of Nations Chapter 22.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649f575503460f94c7bf09/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
The Fruits of the Progressivism
Reform of government at all levels Intelligent planning of reform World War I ends Progressive optimism