THE PROFESSIONAL MAGAZINE FOR ELECTRONICS AND COMPUTER SERVICING ElGoirnonom · 2019. 7. 17. ·...

THE PROFESSIONAL MAGAZINE FOR ELECTRONICS AND COMPUTER SERVICING

ElGoirnonomServicing & Technology February 1997

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THE PROFESSIONAL MAGAZINE FOR ELECTRONICS AND COMPUTER SERVICING

ELECTiiOiiiCServicing & Technolocy

Contents

FEATURES8 Servicing VCR motors

By Homer L. DavidsonA defective VCR motor can cause avariety of problems. It may cause theVCR to shut down, load improper-ly, change speeds, or fail to run alto-gether. This article will help ser-vicers to better troubleshoot VCRmotor related problems.

12 New technology updateBy The ES&T StaffThere are so many advances to theexisting electronics technology thatit is hard for servicing technicians tokeep up to date. This article is anupdate of what is new in the field ofelectronics servicing.

22 General softwareBy The ES&T StaffComputers and their software havedefinitely changed the way peopledo their jobs and run their lives. Byusing some of the software programsdiscussed in this article you can helpmake some of those difficult jobs alittle easier.

24 Sources of replacement partsBy Victor MeeldjickSometimes the hardest part of therepair is finding the parts needed. Inthis article we include sources thatcan help you find those hard to findreplacement and repair parts.

Volume 17, No. 2 February 1997

46 Upgrading a satellite system toKu -BandBy Jurgen EwertUpgrading your satellite system tothe Ku -Band can be made much eas-ier by using the information provid-ed in this article.

52 VCR mechanical problemsBy Philip ZorianThis article discusses replacement ofrubber parts and then closely exam-ines ten of the more common prob-lems associated with the wearing outof these parts.

DEPARTMENTS2 Editorial

4 News

10 Calendar of Events

20 Photofacts

29 Profax

45 Test Your Electronics Knowledge

55 Computer CornerComputer monitor servicing.

56 Troubleshooting Tip

57 Products

58 What Do You Know AboutElectronics?ASICS, glitches and curve tracers.

60 Books

61 Classified/Reader's Exchange

63 Advertisers' Index

ON THE COVERBecause VCRs are complex electromechanical devices, they are full of mechani-cal parts, such as tape guides, gears, tires, rollers, tape heads, and more, that canwear, or break. The proper troubleshooting technique, along with appropriate testequipment, can help make servicing of VCR mechanical problems easier andmore efficient. (Photo courtesy Tentel)

I 0.2 S

piI21. 12

22

February 1997 Electronic Servicing & Technclogy 1

DITORIALLook how far electronics has come

It's interesting and useful to pause oncein a while in order to gain some perspec-tive on things. When those things happento be electronics it's a little difficult, con-sidering the headlong rush that electron-ics always seems to be in lately.

A few years ago, relatively speaking inthe context of the span of human exis-tence, the only uses of electronics werefor the reproduction and broadcasting ofsound. A few years later, technologistsdiscovered how to broadcast picture in-formation, and television was born.

Of course, it was during those earlyyears that consumer electronics servicewas born. And it was pretty easy then.One man, possessing basic knowledge inradar which he learned from the military,armed with a tube tester and a caddy fullof tubes could make a pretty good living.

Things settled down and changed littlefor many years. The television screengradually grew larger, then solid statecomponents were introduced, and colorTV emerged. Programming, once limitedto the afternoon and evening hours (re-member test patterns?), gradually ex-panded to fill the entire day.

Somewhere in there, audio high fideli-ty and stereo were introduced, but formany years improvements in the TV pic-ture were not accompanied by improve-ments in TV audio.

Within the past decade or two, the paceof change quickened. The consumer elec-tronics market saw the introduction, in noparticular order, of the VCR, the cam-corder, compact disc, improved TVsound, video games, personal computers,the telephone answering machine, cord-less telephones, cellular telephones.

But electronics changed many otherthings. During this same period, as engi-neers found ways to make electronicscomponents and circuits smaller, morefunctional and more reliable, electronicswere introduced into a number of prod-

ucts as control elements: automotive elec-tronics, electronics in appliances andmore.

We're standing on the threshold of elec-tronics marvels that perhaps only the mostvisionary of individuals can foresee. Forexample, a single standard for HDTV wasagreed upon at the end of November1996. The the Advanced TelevisionStandard Committee's (ATSC) standardwas agreed upon by broadcasters, com-puter companies and television receivermanufacturers. The FCC approved thestandard on December 26, 1996.

Convergence

Now there's a new term being appliedto consumer electronics; "convergence."According to a news release from theConsumer Electronics ManufacturersAssociation, "Convergence, once a mun-dane technical term meaning 'to cometogether,' today best describes the com-ing together of the full spectrum of tech-nologies, with television companiesoffering interactive, digital internet capa-bilities and computer companies offeringbroadcast and entertainment venues."

Converging technologies includeDVD, DSS, TV/PC, PCS, multi -media,interactive cable, smart phones, pagers,wireless products and more, all with relat-ed ancillary products and accessories.

It's all really mind boggling. Considerthe internet. I'm more impressed with itevery day. Not that it's without its quirkswhich can become annoying and frus-trating. For example, waiting for thebrowser to change to a new site can tryone's patience, and many webmastershave gotten carried away and use, IMHO(that's webspeak for "in my humble opin-ion"), far too many hot links. Still, usingthe net makes it possible to gain access tocurrent information.

As just a single simple example, as Iwrite this I'm getting ready for a trip to

the Consumer Electronics Show in LasVegas. It's cold here in the Kansas Cityarea and getting colder. What kind ofclothes should I take with me? Will it bewarmer in Las Vegas.

Last night I logged onto the net andlooked up the weather in Las Vegas. Ifound out that it won't be as cold there asit's going to be in the Midwest, but I alsoknow that I should probably take alongan overcoat and I might as well leave thebathing suit and the sun screen behind. Iwon't be needing it.

But there's so much more informationon the internet. There are directories onthe net that you can use to look up thatlong lost friend with whom you've losttouch, or that company that moved andwhose new address you can't find. Goingto New York or Chicago and want to findout what's happening? You can look thatup on the net. And while you're at it youcan even buy your tickets there as well.

For servicers, in some cases you canlook up information about suppliers oftools, test equipment, replacement com-ponents. With some, you can view theircatalog and order directly via the net.

And now with the convergence of elec-tronics, even people who don't own acomputer can access all of this neat stuff.

Implications for serviceWhat does all of this mean to consumer

electronics service? For one thing, possi-bly an improvement in the business.Those HDTVs and other advanced prod-ucts will tend to be expensive and lesslikely to be thrown away. Well, we canhope anyway. And as always, servicerswill have to continue to work hard to learnabout the technology that's driving all ofthese changes.

But it is all very exciting. Isn't it?

°rut2 Electronic Servicing & Technology February 1997

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--/V1iNEWS /VviKentucky selected as site for national

convention of servicers, installersBerea, KY will be the location for the

1997 National Convention of the SatelliteDealers Association - SDA, and ETA, theElectronics Technicians Association, In-ternational. Location for the major edu-cational events will be on the campus ofBerea College. Location for the conven-tion primary hotel is the Boone Tavern.

Dates for the meetings are ThursdayJune 12 through Sunday, June 15. Thebulk of the educational demonstrationsand training events will be on Friday andSaturday, June 13 and 14.

ETA and SDA will be joined by PSA,the Professional Service Association.PSA is the largest national consumer ser-vice dealer association. PSA's member-ship is composed of both electronics andappliance service businesses.

SDA will conduct its SAM school forall those interested in honing their skillsfor satellite installations, rooftop anten-nas and signal distribution systems.

PSA will be in charge of the two-dayBusiness Management School sessionswhich will include titles like "Survivingin Shark Filled Waters" and "ManagingCustomer Values."

The theme of the convention is "ATime of Success," recognizing the ac-complishments of the nation's techni-cians and the professional and businessassociations to which they belong.

ETA will produce its Electronics Tech-nicians School with classes on consumerelectronics products, basic electronicsand new technology, including severalsessions on computer programming andprograms service dealers can utilize intheir businesses.

Berea College will serve as more thanthe site for the convention as severalmembers of the faculty will be involvedin classes on Personal Development,Creativity, and Assertiveness. DoctorHarrie Buswell is the Convention Coordi-nator for Berea's staff.

Berea College is located 40 miles southof Lexington, KY. Berea College isunique in that students do not have to paytuition and are unlikely to be accepted asstudents if they can afford to pay their waythrough college. Each student is required

to work at a meaningful job, earning hisor her tuition.

For more information regarding theETA-SDA-PSA Convention in Berea,KY contact: 602 N Jackson, Greencastle,IN 46135, [email protected], 317-653-8262 (fax), 317-653-4301 (voice).

Audio sales propel home theatermarket

Factory sales of home theater productsrose five percent in the third quarter withsales of $2.28 billion, compared to $2.18billion a year ago. For the first ninemonths of the year, home theater equip-ment sales grew six percent to $5.7 bil-lion, according to the Consumer Elec-tronics Manufacturers Association(CEMA). In other audio and video news,blank media sales remained fairly con-stant during the third quarter, up slightlyin unit sales and flat in dollar sales.

"Home theater sales have been on asteady rise all year, and we expect thattrend to continue during the holidays,"said Gary Shapiro, CEMA president."Our association also surveyed consum-ers on what they are buying for gifts thisholiday season, and VCRs, home stereocomponents, big screen TVs and speak-ers were all on the list. Plus, blank tapesmake great stocking stuffers."

The home theater video market man-aged to record a small gain of two percentin the third quarter. A very strong hi-fistereo VCR market (sales up six percentin the quarter) helped propel the segment.Sales of TVs 25 inches and larger werealso up. climbing one percent with salesof $1.2 billion in the quarter.

Sales of home theater audio productswere up sharply in the quarter rising 25percent. maintaining a strong 24 percentrate in the year-to-date.

Product convergence is focus of 1997spring consumer electronics showToday we are reading e-mail on the TV,

watching movies from a PC, download-ing vast amounts of data from a smallsatellite dish, listening to stereo soundfrom a CD-ROM drive, and accessing theInternet from a telephone. What new con-verging products are on the horizon, andhow will these products impact the con-

sumer and the consumer electronics mar-ketplace? The answers to these questionwill be answered with an extensive con-ference program and exhibits of the lat-est converging technologies at the SpringConsumer Electronics Show (CES), June2-5, 1997 at the Georgia World CongressCenter in Atlanta, GA.

For the first time ever, Spring CES willbe co -located with COMDEX/Spring,along with WINDOWS WORLD andEXPO COMM. Combined, this eventwill attract a broad, international audi-ence of decision -makers in many areas:computing, consumer electronics,telecommunications, and informationtechnology - the backbones of the bur-geoning convergence trend.

"This Spring mega -event brings to-gether the world's most successful tech-nology trade shows just as the lines of dis-tinction between our industries continueto blur," said Jonathon Thompson, VicePresident, CES. "For attendees, SpringCES offers an opportunity to see all of thecutting -edge consumer electronics prod-ucts alongside IT and communicationproducts. CES Exhibitors will benefitfrom exposure to a broad spectrum ofcomputer and consumer electronics retailbuyers, as well as new distribution chan-nels. 1997 is the year for DVD, TV/PCs,and a host of exciting digital and con-verging products that are transformingour industry, and this combined Springevent will be the perfect showcase."

Already signed up to exhibit at SpringCES are some of the leading names in theconvergence marketplace: Zenith. Thom-son, DirecTV, JVC, Curtis Mathes, Reco-ton, Casio and Cobra to name a few.

Survey saysConsumer research conducted by the

Consumer Electronics ManufacturersAssociation (CEMA) earlier this yearshows that consumers are interested in -and willing to buy - converging products.A full 31 percent of survey respondentsexpressed a strong interest in buying acombination television and personalcomputer (TV/PC). Of those interested inpurchasing a TV/PC, 59 percent said theywould conduct word-processing on the

(Continued on page 60)

4 Electronic Servicing & Technology February 1997

,,C1N( S AY) COMPI.,[

SIMONISINGServicing & Technology

Electronic Servicing & Technology is edited for ser-vicing professionals who service consumer elec-tronics equipment. This includes service techniciansfield service personnel and avid servicing enthusasts who repair and maintain audio, video, compeler and other consumer electronics equipment.

EDITORIALNils Conrad Persson, Editor(Internet e-mail: cpersedit@aoLcom)Kirstie A. Wickham, Associate Editor(Internet e-mail: kirstieest@aolcom)Richard S. Moseson, NW2L, On -Line Coordinator

CONSULTING EDITORSHomer L.Davidson, TV Servicing ConsultantVictor Meeldijk, Components ConsultantJohn E. Shepler, Audio ConsultantSam Wilson, Electronics Theory Consultant

PRODUCTIONElizabeth Ryan, Art DirectorBarbara McGowan, Associate Art DirectorEdmond Pesonen, Electronic Composition Mgr.Dorothy Kehrwieder, Production ManagerEmily Kreutz, Assistant Production ManagerPat Le Blanc, Photolypographer

BUSINESSRichard A. Ross, PublisherDiane G. Klusner, Associate Publisher(Internet e-mail: dianekest@aoLcom)Frank V. Fuzia, ControllerCatherine Ross, Circulation ManagerMelissa Nitschke, Operations ManagerJean Sawchuk, Data ProcessingDenise Pyne, Customer Service

SALES OFFICEElectronic Servicing & Technology76 N. Broadway, Hicksville, NY 11801516-681-2922; FAX 516-681-2926

Diane G. Klusner, Director of AdvertisingEmily Kreutz, Sales Assistant

EDITORIAL CORRESPONDENCE:P.O. Box 12487Overland Park. KS 66212913-492-4857

P!A Mr NESnDALlect/uic Ser r icingDealers AssalationElectronic Servicing & Technology (ISSN 0278-9922) ispublished 13 times a year by CO Communications, Inc.76 N. Broadway, Hicksville, NY 11801. Telephone (516)681-2922. Periodical class postage paid at Hicksville, NYand additional offices. Subscription prices (payable in USdollars only): Domestic-one year $24.75, two years$45. Foreign countries-one year $30.75, two years $57.Entire contents copyright 1997 by CO Communi-cations, Inc. Electronic Servicing & Technology or COCommunications, Inc. assumes no responsibility forunsolicited manuscripts. Allow six weeks for delivery offirst issue and for change of address.

Printed in the United States of America.Postmaster: Please send change of address notice toElectronic Servicing & Technology, 76 N. Broadway,Hicksville, NY 11801.

CO Communications, Inc. is publisher of CO The RadioAmateur's Journal, Popular Communications, CO RadioAmateur (Spanish CO), CO VHF, CO Contest, andElectronic Servicing & Technology.

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Servicing VCR motor problems11 Homer L. Davidson

Adefective VCR motor can causea variety of problems. It maycause the VCR to shut down, load

improperly, change speeds, or fail to turnon altogether. A leaky or open motor dri-ver IC can cause intermittent, erratic, orotherwise improper speed control, result-ing in unwanted changes of tape speed inthe VCR. Malfunctions in componentsrelated to the motor circuits can result inmany different motor problems, whichmay make the service technician thinkthat the problem is a defective motor.

A defective VCR tape loading motormay stop in the middle of tape loading,cause slow operation, or it may erratical-ly eject the tape. When the tape will notplay, suspect a loading motor. Check theloading motor when the supply reel turnsfor a few seconds and then shuts off. Sus-pect a defective motor when the tape willnot unload in the VCR. A broken drivebelt will prevent the tape from loadinginto the VCR (Figure 1).

Replace the defective capstan motorwhen you observe a change of speed inthe play mode. Suspect an open motorwinding, improper supply voltage, motorfuse, or a defective motor driver IC whenthe capstan motor will not rotate. Usually,an unwanted change in capstan speedresults from a defective servo or driver ICand speed control circuits.

It may be necessary to replace the lowerdrum or cylinder when the drum motorwill not rotate. A VCR in which there isa defective drum or cylinder motor mayload the tape and then shut down withoutplaying. If a VCR that you are servicinghas symptoms such as no drum or cylin-der rotation or excessive or erratic speedscheck for poor connections to the cylin-der, improper voltage, or a defective mainmicroprocessor.

Motor supply sourcesThe capstan motor moves the tape

across the tape heads at constant speed. Adefective capstan servo circuit or motorcan affect both picture and sound in the

Davidson is a TV servicing consultant for Fti&T.

Figure 1. If the VCR won't load a tape, check for a broken motor belt.

VCR. If the sound is too fast or slow, sus-pect problems in the capstan circuits.Usually, the capstan speed is controlledwith a speed control, phase control, andspeed select circuits. Wow and fluttersounds may result from a defective cap-stan motor or servo circuit.

Check the voltage applied to the motorterminals. Incorrect voltage may becaused by a defective driver integratedcircuit or servo section. Compare the volt-age that you measure with the voltagespecified on the schematic.

To determine for sure whether the prob-lem is in the motor or in the motor sup-ply circuits, connect an external dc volt-age source to the motor terminals, to seeif the motor rotates. Before connectingthe external supply to the motor, discon-nect at least one of the motor leads fromthe circuit. If the motor fails to turn withthe external supply connected, measurecontinuity across the motor terminals tosee if a motor winding or one of the ter-minal leads is open.

A cylinder or drum motor rotates thevideo heads at constant speed with respect

Capstanmotor

to the tape movement (Figure 2). If thedrum motor does not rotate, check thevoltage across the motor terminals. Sus-pect a defect in the motor drive or servoIC when the drum will not rotate. Injectexternal voltage to the cylinder motor ter-minals to see if the motor begins to turn.If the motor rotates, suspect the drummotor circuits. If not, check the motorcontinuity with the ohmmeter.

The loading motor loads and unloadsthe tape. When the tape will not load, sus-pect a defective loading motor, brokenbelt or gear assembly, and loading motorcircuits. The loading motor mechanismmay be belt or gear driven. Often, theloading motor is driven by a loadingmotor driver IC. Check the voltage ap-plied to the motor terminals. Apply exter-nal voltage to the motor terminals (afterdisconnecting at least one lead) to deter-mine if the motor rotates or if the motordrive circuits are defective.

Loading motor problemsIf the tape is slow in loading, ejects tape

slowly, stops in the middle of loading, or


Figure 2. The cylinder or drum motor rotatesthe video heads at constant speed with respectto the tape movement.

Figure 3. If the VCR makes mechanical noise,check the drive belt, gears and loading motor.

if the loading motor drive IC is extreme-ly hot, suspect that the loading motor isdefective. Of course, a leaky driver ICmay run red hot and cause the motor tofail to rotate. Check for a defective load-ing motor if the VCR will not play or loadthe tape. Suspect a defective loadingmotor or driver IC when the supply reelturns for a few seconds and then shuts off.

Check for a defective loading motorwhen the VCR shuts down and will notaccept tape. A defective loading motormay change speeds and produce erraticloading. Intermittent load and unloadmay be caused by a defective loadingmotor or drive belt. A foreign substancejammed in the VCR opening may preventthe unit from loading.

Loading motor related symptoms

A worn or cracked loading belt may bethe cause of problems in loading of thetape. Failure of the VCR to load the tape

may be caused by a broken or worn beltor a foreign object lodged in the belt path.Check for a defective drive belt when thetape is stuck and will not move. The VCRmay operate in fast forward with noreverse action, and then shutdown if theloading belt is defective. If you hear agrinding noise when you first turn theVCR on, suspect a loading motor or drivebelt (Figure 3).

Intermittent or erratic loading may becaused by a broken or jammed gear as-sembly or cassette housing. When theVCR loads and unloads intermittently,suspect a bad timing gear or loadingbracket. Replace the loading motor modecam assembly in cases where the VCRfails to rewind, or attempts to load andthen shuts off.

In cases where the tape loads partially,but does not load completely up to theheads, replace the master cam gear. If theunit will not accept the tape, or ejects thetape after the cassette is inserted, replacethe link gear from the loading motor tothe cassette carriage.

Check the timing gears when the VCRwill not load the tape. If the tape will notload correctly, check and replace the car-riage link gear assembly.

If the loading motor rotates continu-ously, check for a leaky or shorted load-ing motor drive IC. If the carriage will notload and the VCR occasionally shuts offduring loading, replace the motor controlIC. Suspect a defective loading motordrive IC when the tape appears stuck andwill not move.

If the VCR will not load, and there isno drive voltage to the loading motor,check the motor drive IC. If the VCR willnot load, rejects tape, and sometimesplays, and then goes into the rewind mode,replace the control system or servo IC.Check for a defective loading motor IC ifthe loading motor runs in the reversemode but not in the forward mode.

Suspect a defective cassette controlswitch or defective motor when the VCRwill not load or play. Check for an openfusible resistor in the motor circuits if theunit will not load. When the tape will notload, check for a defective cassette -inswitch or bent cassette loading bracket.

RCA VLP900-No loading actionThe cassette would not load in the RCA

VLP900 VCR. In this unit the servo con-

trol IC controls both cylinder and capstanmotors. The IC in this case was normal,so the most likely location of the troublewas in the loading motor drive circuits.Results of continuity tests at the motorterminals and at CN903 were normal(Figure 4). I measured the 9V and 12Vsources at pins 1, 2, and 8, respectively.The voltages at pins 3 and 7 in the loadand unload modes were not according tothe specifications. I replaced motor dri-ver IC901 with the manufacturer's exactpart number (M45453), which restoredthe VCR to proper operation.

Capstan motor problems

Failure of tape functions can be causedby a defective capstan motor or circuits.The VCR may shut down if the capstanmotor is inoperative. Failure of the cap-stan to turn may be caused by an openmotor winding, bad motor socket termi-nals, an open fuse, or a source voltage thatis not within specification. A noisy cap-stan motor may require lubrication orreplacement. If the capstan motor doesnot operate but the voltage at its terminalsis within specification, check for conti-nuity of the motor windings.

A defective capstan motor may vary inspeed, or produce intermittent operation.If the capstan motor is rotating too fast,check to see if the voltage applied to themotor terminals is excessively high. Ifrotation of the capstan motor is erratic orintermittent, it may be necessary to re-place both the capstan motor and themotor driver IC. If the driver IC is leakyor shorted, you may find that the motor isdefective as well. Always replace the cap-stan motor with the exact part number.

Capstan motor related problems

If the capstan motor does not rotate,check the motor driver IC as well as themotor itself, and replace it if it is defec-tive. Another possible cause of failure ofthe capstan motor to rotate is an open fusein the motor circuits. Measure for correctvoltages at the driver and servo ICs if thecapstan does not move. Replace the cap-stan driver IC when the capstan motorruns continuously.

If the speed of the capstan motor can-not be controlled, the problem may be adefective driver IC. Replace the motordriver IC when capstan runs for a few sec-onds and shuts down.

Check for open capacitors, transistors

February 1997 Electronic Servicing & Technology 9

ES&T

CalendarMajor Appliance ServicersConventionand Trade showApril 3-4, 1997Orlando, FL800-743-0455

CES Mobile Electronics - The 12 -VoltEducational Forum

April 4-6, 1997Atlanta, GA703-907-7674

Support Systems ExpoMay 14-15, 1997Boston, MA207-846-0600

Spring Comdex/CES OrlandoMay 23-25, 1997Orlando, FL703-907-7600

Spring CES '97 co -located withCOMDEX/Spring WINDOWSWORLDJune 2-5, 1997Atlanta, GA703-907-7674

CES Habitech '97 - The Home SystemsTrade & Training ShowJune 24-26, 1997Dallas, TX703-907-7674

NESDA 47th/ISCET 27th/ and NIAS5th Annual National ProfessionalService Convention and Trade ShowAugust 4-9, 1997Las Vegas, NV817-921-9061

CTIA Breakaway '97September 18-20, 1997San Diego, CA702-268-1818 ext. 310

Personal Computer & Electronics ExpoOctober 16-19, 1997Uniondale, LI, NY800-886-8000

Networks Expo Dallas/WindowsWorldOctober 29-31, 1997Dallas, TX201-346-1400, ext. 145

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Figure 4. If the problem in a VCR is failure to load a tape, check the motor drive voltage. In thisRCA VLP900 VCR, the motor drive voltage (measured at pins 3 and 7 on the motor driver IC(IC901)) was out of specification. Replacement of IC901 with an exact manufacturer'sreplacement part corrected the problem.

and IC in capstan motor circuits if themotor runs continually or can't be con-trolled. Suspect a capstan motor or thedriver IC if the motor operation is inter-mittent, or if the motor suddenly stopsrotating. Excessive capstan speed may becaused by a shorted electrolytic capacitoron the servo board. Check all componentson the servo board if the capstan appearsto be operating too fast.

When the VCR begins to play and sud-denly stops, check for a defective me-chanical position switch. You may haveto replace the capstan C.B.A., when themotor will not rotate. Check for poor sol-dered socket connections when the motorspeeds up or slows down, in either playor record modes. It may be necessary toreplace a defective bracket assembly inorder to correct capstan motor problems.An open capacitor in the regulated powersupply can cause motor interference in thepicture. Replace the defective motor withinterference in the picture.

RCA VLT650HF-No cylinder orcapstan movement

A customer complained that their VCRdidn't operate at all. Observation of oper-ation of the unit revealed that neither thecylinder motor nor the capstan motor wasturning. Because both motors were inop-erative, I suspected the servo IC (IC604).I checked the +5V and +12V sources atpins 41 and 21 respectively. There was nomotor drive voltage to either motor. Thevoltages at the loading motor IC902 pins9 (load) and 12 (unload) were both zero.This pretty much confirmed that the servo

IC was the cause of the problem. Re-placement of this IC solved both motorrotation problems (Figure 5).

Cylinder or drum motor problemsIf the tape loads and the drum rotates,

and then the VCR shuts down when youplace the VCR in play mode, suspect adefective drum motor. If the cylinderrotates and shuts off, check the Hall effectgenerator circuits and connections, be-fore replacing the drum motor. Replacethe cylinder motor if the picture jitters andyou see intermittent lines at the bottom ofthe television screen.

In a Fisher FVH9I6 VCR, the VCRloads and unloads, has rewind and fastforward, but will not play. The problemis most likely an open drum cylinder P.G.coil. When the drum will not rotate, checkthe drum CTL voltage. If this voltage ispresent, troubleshoot the servo IC. Youmay have to replace the servo IC whenthe drum will not rotate.

Cylinder motor related problemsIf the problem is failure of the cylinder

or drum to rotate, check to see if the sup-ply voltage is correct, and check for, prob-lems with the drum IC, or poor motorcable connections. When the cylindermotor will not start, check for poor ter-minal connections on driver or servo ICs.You may have to replace the driver orservo IC if there is no cylinder movement.Check for an open fuse when either thecylinder or capstan motors will not rotate.Check for open resistors in the drum cir-cuits when the drum will not rotate. If the


head will not rotate, and you measure nodrive to the lower cylinder, suspect poorsoldered connections in the power cir-cuits. Check for open electrolytic capac-itors in the power circuits when the drummotor will not spin.

If the cylinder motor runs too fast, orappears intermittent, check for a defec-tive cylinder speed adjustment or a badspot on the speed control. For intermit-tent operations, check for bad connec-tions of the motor plug and socket of thelower cylinder assembly. Replace IC mo-tor driver or servo IC when the drum mo-tor runs too fast. Irregular cylinder speedmay require the cylinder or drum circuitboard assembly replacement. Check fordefective diodes and transistors when thedrum motor has little torque. Replace themain microprocessor when the cylindermotor rotates too fast.

RCA VLP900- No cylinder motorrotation

The complaint about the RCA VLP900VCR was that it sounded like it was oper-ating, but there was no picture. Observa-tion revealed that the cylinder motorwasn't rotating. Since both the cylinderand capstan motors operate from the sys-tem servo control IC801, and the capstanmotor was operating, I assumed thatIC801 was normal.

Voltage measurements were fairly nor-mal on the cylinder drive motor IC505,except to the V, W, and U motor windings(Figure 6). Improper voltage was found

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Figure 5. In this RCA VLT650HF VCR. the problem failire of rotation in both the cylinder andcapstan motors. Voltage checks revealed that IC604 was defective. Replacement of this ICrestored the VCR to proper operation.

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at pins 15,16, and 17 of IC505. I replacedIC505 with an exact manufacturer's re-placement (HA13434NT). This solvedthe cylinder motor rotation problem.

In another VLP900 VCR, with no cap-stan or cylinder rotation, the contacts ofrelay PL701 were bad. Cleaning the relaycontacts solve the problem temporarily,but the correct fix for this problem is toreplace the relay.

ConclusionAlthough motors within the VCR can

cause problems, do not overlook motordriver or system control ICs before re-placing the motor. Defective reel motorcircuits in some VCRs can be caused bydefective zener diodes. Most motor prob-lems can be solved by measuring voltagesat the driver IC and motor, and checkingcontinuity of the motor winding.

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Circle (71) on Reply Card 11

New technology updateBy The ES&T Staff

(Based on press materials provided by therespective companies)

Nobody ever said that servicingwould be easy. On the other hand,nobody ever said it would just

keep getting harder. Unfortunately, all ofthe advances in electronics technologyand the improvements to existing elec-tronics technology keep expanding andchanging the scope of consumer elec-tronics service, effectively providing fur-ther complications for even the mostcapable servicing technician.

For example, many consumer elec-tronics servicing technicians wantednothing more than to live out their careersservicing TVs and maybe a few VCRs.They wanted nothing to do with comput-ers in any way, shape or form. And manywere doing pretty well too, until thex*!!@%!$$* manufacturers started put-ting computers into everything.

As if to add insult to injury, the engi-neers at the consumer companies came upwith compact disc players, which are real-ly nothing more, or less, than sophisti-cated data processing machines. Then theblankety-blanks introduced digital satel-lite systems. And now, with certain TVsets, all adjustments are made by using acomputer -based device to reset bits in anEEPROM (electrically -erasable pro-grammable read-only memory).

It's enough to make a dyed-in-the-woolanalog electronics guy cry. And I suspectit sometimes does.

There are compensationsThere's no question about it; being a

consumer electronics servicing techni-cian in the technological climate thatexists today requires that you acquire theequivalent of a new technical degreeevery decade or so. Maybe more.

On the other hand, for the consumer, allof this technological advancement hasmeant better, larger, sharper, brighter pic-tures, more accurate sound (all at pricesthat either remains stable or even comedown), and a huge increase in availableprogramming, and more outlets from

Figure 1. With this portable DSS system, consumers will be able to watch satellite TV programsfrom just about anywhere they want to.

which to acquire programs. And for thetechnician, it means that, in some cases,he can tweak the performance of a TV orcamcorder without removing a singlescrew from the case.

It just keeps comingIf you're still struggling with keeping

up with all the new technology that hasbeen coming down the pike, bouncingaround and screaming at you for atten-tion, brace yourselves. Here comes somemore. The text that follows describessome of the technology that is being, orsoon will be incorporated into consumerelectronics products to further enhancetheir operation, and to make the lives ofconsumer electronics technicians yetmore interesting.

Some new componentsITT Intermetall, a leader in quality dig-

ital signal processing based integratedcircuits has announced two new chip ad-ditions to its flagship DIGIT3000 IC fam-ily. The new chips, VPC3200A/3201Band DDP3300A, offer TV manufacturersa cost-effective solution by supporting all

current display geometries, such as thenew 16:9 wide screen format, and pre-vailing global video standards that in-clude NTSC, PAL, SECAM and SVHS.

The VPC3200A/3201B processes anyanalog video signal while allowing non-linear, "panorama" aspect ratio conver-sion. With this capability, any picture for-mat can be displayed full -screen on anyformat picture tube. Therefore, TV pro-grams transmitted using the standard 4:3aspect ratio can be enlarged on 16:9 wide-screen televisions (the 16:9 format willalso be the standard format for futureHDTV transmissions). The aspect ratioconversion is also applicable in the oppo-site direction for displaying 16:9 pro-grams on standard 4:3 TV sets, as well asfor other format conversions. The conver-sion feature can be easily implemented asa software option without having tochange the chassis of a TV set.

With the new chip, all video process-ing and clock/data generation is derivedfrom a single 20.25MHz crystal, replac-ing the need to use up to four crystals withtraditional IC solutions, minimizing theapplication costs.


Figure 2. This radio frequency communications system will allow consumers to enjoy video andaudio from their home entertainment system anywhere in the house. One model even comeswith the ability to change channels, adjust volume, etc., from the remote location.

Y/C separation for PAL and NTSC andall of their substandards can be performedthrough an optional 2 -line comb filterintegrated in the VPC3200A. Both ver-sions of the VPC are plug-in compatible.

The DDP3300A contains the completedigital video back -end and D/A conver-sion. Additionally, the chip provides arich set of video, post -processing featuresincluding: contrast brightness and satura-

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Figure 3. This IC, incorporated into a personal computer, will provide information to the infor-mation systems manager, or the personal computer service technician, that will let them knowif any of the fans has ceased operation, or if the computer has overheated, or even if anyonehas tampered with the case.

tion, peaking, black stretch, gamma cor-rection and digital color transient im-provement (DTI).

The DDP3300A chip's features arecombined with the insertion of addition-al RGB signals. These signals can be usedfor on -screen display functions likemenus, closed caption, teletext and pic-ture -inside -a -picture.

In addition to video processing, theDDP3300A chip provides tube controlsfor cutoff, white drive, and beam currentlimiting. Its H/V deflection capabilitysupports 90 -degree and 110 -degree pic-ture tubes with E/W compensation andgenerates a beam scan velocity modula-tion output from the digital YUV andRGB input signals.

Very few external components are re-quired for application of the VPC/DDPchip set, which is designed in CMOStechnology. It operates at 5V and is con-trolled via an I2C bus. Both ICs arehoused in 68 -pin PLCC (plastic leadlesschip carrier) packages.

PCTV

Toshiba America Electronic Compon-ents, Inc. (TAEC) has announced twohigh-performance cathode ray tubes(CRTs) specifically designed for emerg-ing PC/ TV applications. Designated the36V and the 32V, these new tubes providethe high contrast, high brightness excel-lent picture sharpness that these applica-tions demand and can be used for both PCand TV display.

As digital television becomes main-stream, TV viewing is beginning to shiftfrom a passive to an active experience.Applications such as home shopping,home banking, video -on -demand, remoteeducation and web browsing are becom-ing a reality. "Toshiba believes that PC/TV applications such as Internet brows-ing on the family room TV will soonbecome a standard home entertainmentactivity," said Dan Ryan, sales engineerfor display products, Electron Tubes, andDevices. "Standard NTSC picture tubesdo not provide the necessary quality thatconsumers demand. The edges appearfuzzy and the icons look distorted. PCmonitor color display performance is nec-essary for PC/IN applications."

Advanced features of PCTVThe new CRTs provide 800 x 600 res-

olution and feature a number of Toshiba'sFebruary 1997 Electronic Servicing & Technology 13

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latest technology developments, includ-ing an improved saddle/saddle-deflectionyoke (S/S-DY), the DF-II dynamic focuselectron gun with impregnated cathodeand an INVAR mask.

The improved saddle -type deflectionyoke enables hi -scan (40kHz), suppress-es rises in temperature, even at a wide de-flection angle and high power operation,and achieves optimum convergence and

distortion. The dynamic focus (DF) IIelectron gun offers excellent sharpness,in both text and moving pictures, acrossthe entire screen. The impregnated cath-ode allows high current loading and alonger life time. The INVAR mask hasonly one tenth of the thermal expansioncoefficient of an iron mask which is es-sential to avoid discoloration resultingfrom mask doming in freezing images.

Digital video (versatile) disccomponents

A complete DVD logic decoder chipsetis now available from Toshiba AmericaElectronic Components, Inc. (TAEC).The six -chip set provides consumer elec-tronics hardware manufacturers with thecore circuitry for a basic DVD decoder,including the copy protection processor.A reference design is also available for afully DVD-compliant decoder board witha PCI bus interface.

The chipset is intended for use in a de-coder board that allows DVD-ready per-sonal computers connected to a DVD-ROM drive to playback titles that take

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Figure 5. This is another way in which manufacturers might connect the monitor integrated circuit in a personal computer.


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Technical specifications of the Toshiba PCTV CRT

Product Name:Bulb (Panel and Funnel):Deflection Angle:Neck Diameter (mm):SCN PH:Resolution (HxV):Mask:Gun:Deflection Yolk:fH:Mechanical:Overall screen area:Mass:

Product Name:Bulb (Panel & Funnel):Deflection Angle:Neck Diameter (mm):SCN PH:Resolution (HxV):Mask:Gun:Deflection Yolk:111:

Mechanical:Overall screen area:Mass:

32V Multimedia CRTFS110 degrees32.50.80800x600INVARDF-IIS/S48kHzuseful screen diagonal: 806mm (minimum)3118cm249kg

36V Multimedia CRTFS DT110 degrees32.50.90800x600IN VAR

DF-IIS/S40kHzuseful screen diagonal: 902mm (minimum)3905cm259kg

advantage of MPEG2 compression. Vid-eo segments that may be contained in abroad range of DVD titles ranging frommovies and games to edutainment arecompressed and encoded to the MPEG2format for visual images and the DolbyDigital (AC -3) 5.1 channel format for au-dio signals. To allow playback of thesetitles on a personal computer equippedwith a DVD-ROM drive, a decoder func-tion is added to the system.

"Toshiba has taken a forward -lookingapproach to enabling the overall DVDmarket by providing a complete DVD de-coder IC solution to facilitate the marketlaunch of our DVD-ROM drives," saidAmir Naghavi, senior director of multi-media marketing for TAEC. "The chipsin our decoder solution are proven de-vices, in production for use in Toshiba'sDVD players."

Functions of the DVD chipsetThe chipset consists of six integrated

circuits, which break down the digital sig-

nal into component elements and performlogic decoding functions for completeDVD feature support. The video imagedata stream is separated and decoded bythe MPEG2 decoder. Sub -picture signals(such as captions) and audio signals arealso separated for decoding by the videoprocessor. The decompressed video sig-nals are encoded as NTSC signals andoutput as analog signals. The chipset sup-ports private audio stream buffering, andaudio signals can be output as both ana-log and digital signals. Decoding of theaudio signal in the Dolby AC -3 format ishandled by an additional audio decoderchip available from third -party -sources.The six ICs and their major functions arelisted below.

Copy Protection Processor (TC-6807AF): Performs key authenticationand descrambles encrypted data streamfrom copy protected materials.

MPEG2 Video Decoder (TC81201F):This [C separates DVD program streaminto video, audio and sub -picture streams;

provides MPEG1 and MPEG2 videodecoding.

Video Processor (TC90A09F): ThisIC performs sub -picture stream decodingand video mixing with MPEG2 decodedvideo.

NTSC Encoder (TC6802AF): Ac-cepts decoded digital video format andoutputs it in NTSC digital format.

AC -3 Audio Interface (TC6803AF):This IC provides A/V synchronizationand audio stream buffering; converts datastream to format required by third partyAC -3 audio decoder.

Audio Output IC (TC9425F): Re-ceives output from AC -3 audio decoder;provides analog and digital audio output.See sidebar, Toshiba DVD System ICFunctions, for additional information.

Advanced features of theDVD chipset

Toshiba's chipset supports playback ofall four DVD disk formats. These includethe basic single -sided, single -layer 4.7 -gigabyte (GB) DVD; the single -sided,dual -layer 8.5GB DVD; the double -sid-ed, single -layer 9.4GB DVD; and thedouble -sided, dual -layer 17GB DVDwhich is expected to be introduced in thenear future.

The chipset supports a wide range oftechnological innovations and featurescharacteristic of DVD systems, whichstore data at seven times the capacity ofa CD-ROM. Advanced features of DVDsinclude MPEG2 decoding of movingimages with a resolution of 720x480 pix-els and high-level interactivity based onseamless replay of data dispersedthroughout the disk. Interactive applica-tions will include movies with multipleendings and sports videos offering achoice of viewing angle and the ability tocall up player profiles.

DVD is expected to create huge mar-kets spanning everything from industrialuse to home entertainment. The DVD de-coder chipset and decoder board refer-ence design will contribute to market de-velopment by enabling personal com-puters to process the large volumes of datacontained in high quality video and sound.

Reference design for DVDThe reference design, developed in

conjunction with Paragon Technology,Inc., provides all DVD-Video decode


Toshiba DVD logic decoder IC functionsPart Number: TC6807AFProduct: Copy Protection ProcessorFunction: Conforms to the latest DVD copy protection re-

quirement; performs key authentication and descrambles en-crypted data stream from copy protected materials. Pass -through mode for non -copy protected materials. Directinterface to TC81201F MPEG2 video decoder.

Package, I/O: 60 -pin QFP5V I/O interface

Part Number: TC81201FProduct: MPEG2 Video DecoderFunction: Dedicated 27MHz MPEG2 video decoder for

DVD provides system stream parsing and MPEG2/ MPEG1video decoding. Accepts DVD program stream that includesMPEG2/MPEG1 video stream, MPEG audio stream, privateAC -3 audio stream and sub -picture stream at 40Mb/sec. max.Supports multiple vertical and horizontal filters, including 8/9filter for square pixel at NTSC for PC VGA monitor, and sup-ports Pan & Scan and Letterbox filters for 16x9 or 4x3 aspectratios. Provides YUV 4:2:2/4:2:0 and 8-bit/16-bit digital videooutput.

Package, I/O: 160 -pin QFP3.3V, 5V tolerant I/O

Part Number: TC90A09FProduct: Video ProcessorFunction: Performs sub -picture stream decoding and video

mixing with the MPEG2 decoded video. The sub -picture

stream is decoded according to the run -length algorithm with16 color palettes and 16 levels of transparency support.Provides interfaces to external OSD devices and ITU-R656digital video output to an external video encoder.

Package, I/O: 144 -pin QFP3.3V and 5V I/O interface

Part Number: TC6802AFProduct: NTSC EncoderFunction: Accepts ITU-R656 format digital input and pro-

vides Y/Cb/Cr 10 -bit digital output with Analog Copyguardfunction.

Package, I/O: 100 -pin QFP3.3V, 5V tolerant

Part Number: TC6803AFProduct: AC -3 InterfaceFunction: Provides A/V synchronization and audio stream

buffering and converts parallel data stream to serial data out-put needed for third party AC-3/MPEG1 audio decoder.

Package, I/O: 60 -pin QFP3.3V and 5V I/O interface

Part Number: TC9425FProduct: Audio Output ICFunction: Analog audio stereo output IC, includes built-in

8 -times oversampling digital filter for digital audio output and2 -channel SD modulation circuitry for analog audio output.Includes PLL and VCO circuitry to generate clock timing for44.1kHz/48kHz audio sampling frequencies.

Package, I/O: 60 -pin QFP5V I/O interface

functions on a board that meets the PCI2.1 standard, and is 100 percent compli-ant with the DVD Book 1.0 specification.High quality video can be produced onthe computer monitor through the digitalvideo output (either PCI bus or Video PortConnector), and connection to a TV isalso enabled through the analog videooutput (NTSC, S -Video). Audio outputprovides two analog channels which canbe connected to a PC -based audio system,and a digital output for the Dolby Digital(AC -3) 5.1 channel, which requires an ad-ditional AC -3 amplifier. See sidebar foradditional details on the specifications ofthe decoder board reference design.

Signals from the next room orouterspace

A company called RF-Link Technol-ogy offers a couple of interesting prod-ucts. We haven't seen them or tried them,but if they work as the company claims,they might be of interest to service cen-ters whose customers ask them to installextensions of their home entertainmentsystems, or inquire about receiving satel-lite signals while they're away from

home. The next two items describe theseproducts in some detail.

A portable DBS systemThis portable direct broadcast satellite

(PDBS) dish (Figure 1) combines lowcost, fast, easy installation, and totalportability according to RF-Link. With asuggested retail price of $229.95, thePDBS makes viewing of any direct tohome (DTH) satellite channels possiblealmost anywhere: vacation home, recre-ational vehicle, tailgate party, eighteenwheeler, ski lodge, beach, camp site, orwherever the viewer wishes.

The company says that their main focuswhen designing wireless consumer elec-tronics products is always on ease of use.The setup of the PDBS follows that prin-ciple. There are no loose nuts and bolts tokeep track or, and no tools required forassembly. The components for the systemcome in a high -impact -resistant ABS cas-ing molded to safely house the 14 -inchparabolic dish, highly sensitive low -noiseblock feedhorn (LNBF), the user's ownintegrated receiver decoder (IRD), and allrequired components. The dish has a pro-

tective powder coating with an environ-mentally sealed housing to provide all-weather viewing.

Set up of the system is simple, the man-ufacturer says. In-house tests of new usersshow that total time from opening the caseto viewing a program is less than five min-utes. Mounting is made easy by the useof a suction cup that safely attaches to thehood of a car or RV. If a flat, smooth, sur-face is not readily available, the dish canbe mounted using a convenient C -clamp.For individuals who have more specificmounting needs, there is a universalmounting accessory kit.

Once mounted, the dish is aligned byusing a level, a compass, and a proprietaryguidance mechanism, which, the compa-ny says, everyone will find straightfor-ward and simple. The satellite azimuthand elevations for this alignment can befound in the owner's manual. Though thesystem uses a 14 -inch parabolic dish, ithas performance characteristics that arevirtually identical to those of an 18 -inchdish, says the manufacturer, and willreceive all of the hundreds of DTH chan-nels with equal clarity.


PHOTOFACTS Major specifications of the DVD decoder board reference designCROSLEYCT1322C221 376513X601 3765

GECTC175A2 376320GT320TX2 376320GT324JX2 376320GT324TX2 3763

JVCAV -20720 3775AV -20721 3775

MAGNAVOXTS2775C101 376227V501-00AA 3762

PANASONICADP269 3767AEDP252 3770AEDP264 3773CT-20R13U 3767CT-27SF23U 3773CT-31G1OT 3770CT-31G1OUT 3770

RCACTC185AA 3772CTC185AB 3768F25211BCTX1 3772F27242GYTX 1 3768

SAMSUNGKCT52A 3764TXE2545 3764TXE2546 3764

SANYOAVM -2056 3766AVM -2056U 3766G6D-2056U0 3766G6D-20560 3766

SHARPCH13M6 3774CH13M10 3774CH13M15 3774CH19M6 377113H -M60 377413H -M100 377413H -M150 377419H -M60 377119H -M100 377119H -M150 3771

SONYKV-13M30 3769KV-13M31 3769SCC-J84A-A 3769SCC-J84E-A 3769

Function DescriptionSystem decoder: DVD video stream, MPEG2, MPEG1MPEG video decoder: Video resolution level: maximum720x480 pixel3/2Pulldown: (conversion from 24 frames/sec. to 30 frames/sec.)Audio decoder: Dolby Digital (AC -3) (mix down from 5.1 channel to 2

channels)Sub -picture decoder: Decode of sub -pictures defined in the DVD video formatBus interface: PCI (PCI 2.1 compatible)Data transfer to the DVD board by master DMAExternal interface:

Digital video output connector -Video format: YUV4:2:2 (ITU-R601)Bus width: 8 or 16 bitsAnalog video output -Composite video output (NTSC)S -Video outputDigital audio output -Dolby Digital (AC -3) outputAnalog audio output -Stereo (2 channel: L/R) output

Display control function: Letterbox conversion (for widescreen TV software)Digital video signal adjustment: (luminance) and UV (color) signalsSize: PCI half-size

This system is designed to be able to beused with all IRDs currently on the mar-ket, including those from RCA, Sony, GE,ProScan, Toshiba, Uniden and Echostar.Each of these IRDs will fit snugly in thecarrying case.

Entertainment center in any roomof the house

According to RF-Link Technology,their product, Wavecom Sr (Figure 2),approved by the FCC in August 1996,enables television viewers and music lis-teners to enjoy crisp, interference -freestereo audio and video reception any-where in or around their homes or officeswithout having to run wires up walls orunder carpets. A built-in remote controlextender even allows consumers tochange the channel, adjust the volume, orcontrol their VCR, satellite IRD, laserdisc player or CD player from anywherewith their existing remote control.

The system transmits the audio and vid-eo signal at a frequency of 2.4GHz, whichpenetrates walls, doors, ceilings andfloors like magic, up to 300 feet away. Ac-cording to the manufacturer, sample con-sumer groups have been unable to detectthe difference between wired componentsand this system.

The Wavecom Jr provides the samefunction of transmitting the audio andvideo, but does not have the remote con-trol capability.

The products consist of a small portabletransmitter and receiver pair. They arecompatible with any components thathave standard audio and video input andoutput connections. Because they operateat 2.4GHz, these units avoid the crowded900MHz band used by many cordlesstelephones and other wireless audio/vid-eo transmitters, says the manufacturer.

High -gain directional transmitting andreceiving antennas instead of omnidirec-tional antennas are used to minimize in-terference from unwanted signals andeliminate the inherent problem of multi -path. The remote control extender worksby converting the remote control infraredsignal to a radio frequency wave, and thenback to infrared at the location of theequipment to be controlled.

Computer diagnostic ICSome day in the future, a personal com-

puter that you service may be able to tellyou if it has overheated, if any of thepower supply voltages have been out ofspec, or if someone has tampered with thecomputer since you last serviced it.


The LM78 microprocessor systemhardware monitor (Figure 3), a highly in-tegrated IC capable of monitoring poten-tially hazardous, user -defined conditionswithin microprocessor based systems, isa recent addition to National Semicon-ductor's temperature -sensing family. TheLM78 takes the product line to a new levelof integration by combining key analogand digital monitoring functions, includ-ing temperature, voltage, fan speed andmany key digital system signatures. It hasthe capability to communicate error con-ditions via the I2C or ISA interface, andcan generate interrupts based on user -defined and programmed limits for keyparameters. See Figures 4 and 5 for typi-cal applications of this IC.

This device gives information technol-ogy managers, or service technicians, thecapability to set "hazard warning limits"via watchdog registers for most key ana-log functions within the PC/server envi-ronment, enabling the generation of inter-rupts based on the performance of thecomputer system functions.

Key features of the diagnostic I('

Key features of the LM78 diagnosticIC include the following

±3C temperature accuracy, user pro-grammable watchdog limits register forovertemperature conditions and temper-ature hysteresis,

seven voltage monitoring analoginputs (OV to 4.096V full scale),

Associated watchdog registers foreach voltage input (high and low)

Three fan inputs including two user -programmable inputs for speeds rangingfrom I 1 Orpm to 8800rpm; one for fixedinputs from a standard 4400rpm tach out-put cooling fan,

active -high chassis security input fordetection of intrusion,

board temperature interrupt (BTI#),for use with thermostat output tempera-ture sensors, which may be located instrategic positions throughout the system.

The IC includes an 8 -bit Delta -SigmaA/D converter with 7 -input multiplex forhigh noise immunity in microprocessorenvironments. Also included are invert-ing op amps to accommodate measure-ment of negative power supplies. An on-board 32 -bit POST RAM (power -onself -test RAM) allows the diagnostic ICto be among the first devices on the moth-

er board to waken and record the perfor-mance of other system parts during sys-tem boot -up.

Daunting but interesting

All of these technological advanceswill further enhance the consumer'sexperience in watching TV, using the per-

sonal computer, or listening to (or watch-ing?) a favorite CD. They will also makethe lives of consumer electronics servic-ing technicians somewhat more interest-ing. We figure that forewarned is fore-armed, so we hope this information onsome of this new technology will be use-ful, and we suspect it will be needed soon.

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General softwareBy The ES&T Staff

There was a time, and it was just afew years ago, when articles inconsumer magazines, and espe-

cially those that are shopping guides, rec-ommended that potential purchasers ofpersonal computers shop very carefully,to make sure that the software availablefor a particular computer was useful andrelatively easy to use. Times havechanged radically. The hardware choiceshave been pretty much narrowed down toIBM, IBM clones and Macintosh.Software available for both of these sys-tems is truly useful, relatively in-expensive, and so varied that it fills shelfafter shelf in the computer store or the dis-count electronics store.

Do you need to type letters, createnewsletters, or even lay out a book or amagazine? Most word processors thesedays allow users to do all of those thingsand more including everyday communi-cation chores.

Do you need to perform a lot of calcu-lations, such as balance sheets, profit andloss statements, etc? A host of spreadsheet programs will assist you in design-ing those forms, perform the necessarycalculations, and even graph the numbersyou create, and output it all in beautiful,colorful form on the CRT or printer.

Or do you need to keep track of data:customer data, parts inventory, etc? Anyof the database programs now availablewill allow users to store and retrieve thistype of data and perform many other datahandling functions.

SuitesA good way to not only get all of the

big three in one package, but to get wordprocessing, spread sheet and databasesoftware that works together so that youcan easily move back and forth amongthem and share the same files is calledusing a "suite" of programs. A number ofcompanies offer suites: Microsoft, Lotusand Claris, to name a few.

But there's more

The "big three" software types de-scribed above: word processor, spread-

sheet and database will handle a goodchunk of the computer needs of the aver-age user, but there are so many more tasksfor which software manufacturers havedevised software. For example, there areprograms that are expressly designed toallow users to handle all of the financesin their personal lives, or in their busi-nesses. One of these programs allows theuser to keep track of all of the financialdata that's part of their everyday lives.

For example, one such program, calledQuicken, from Intuit, keeps track of yourfinancial accounts: savings, checking,home mortgage, credit cards, stock port-folio, and more. Actually there's morethan one program with that name: there'sone for home use and another that you canuse to handle business accounts.

Not only does one of these programskeep track of financial accounts, it alsohandles them at the same time so that atany time the user can request a statementof net worth and that information just fallsout. Moreover, some banking programs,which we'll mention later, allow you todownload checking or savings accountdata in a form that can be carried direct-ly into a financial program.

Banking programs

If you haven't used one of these, youmay be missing a good bet. My credit

union is set up so that customers canaccess their accounts directly via theircomputers. This allows customers to lookup their current balances on any of theiraccounts, print out a statement of up tothe last two months worth of transactions,or even download this data to input it totheir financial software. This means thatusers don't have to wait for the end -of -month statement to balance theiraccounts. They can balance their accountsthem at any time.

Moreover, say that at the end of themonth the checking account is beingstretched a little thin in order to pay thebills you owe, but there's a surplus in sav-ings. No problem. Just direct the com-puter to transfer funds from savings tochecking to cover the checks you need towrite. Of course, if the checking accountis showing a surplus and you want to putyou money somewhere where it can drawsome interest, no problem. Transferswork the other way, too.

But paying bills by computer is yetanother convenient capability of thesesoftware packages. The user can elect topay any of his creditors directly by com-puter. Banks have a data base of compa-nies to which customers may pay billselectronically. If one of your creditors ison the database, you simply select thatcompany and tell the computer when you


want to pay that entity and how much. Ifthat company is not on the bank's list, youcan request that they be added.

If you have a bill that is the same everymonth, such as a mortgage payment, forexample, you can make it a standing pay-ment that's paid every month. That wayyou don't ever have to won -y about mak-ing out a check, or even logging on to paythat bill. As long as there's enough cashin your checking account at the time ofthe month that that bill comes due, it'spaid, automatically. It works kind of likeone of those automatic debit authoriza-tions, except that should you wish to can-cel the automatic payment, you don'thave to write to the bank 30 days in ad-vance to cancel it. You simply go on lineand delete this payment from your list.

A general purpose deviceOne of the wonderful things about the

computer is that it is such a general-pur-pose information processing device. Ifsome information -handling process iscurrently done manually, then most like-ly a program has been developed to allowthe individual to perform the functionusing the power of a computer.

Do you need to type a letter, or manyletters. The computer can help you do itfaster. Do you need to perform lots of cal-culations. Again, the computer can speedup the work. Do you need to store, retrieveand format lots of data. The computer.

Besides all of that, computer softwarecan store your recipes, handle your cal-endar of events, store all of your contacts.allow you to buy, store and use thousandsof images of clip art, or create your ownart, and much more.

The computer can helpComputers and their software have def-

initely changed the way people do theirjobs and run their personal lives. Theyprovide a number of features and func-tions that allow people to automate thework to be done and to look at the infor-mation they need to process in a varietyof new ways. Consumer electronics ser-vice centers have such a broad variety ofinformation processing needs that servicecenter owners and managers should beconstantly on the lookout for softwaresuch as that mentioned here. Using theseprograms can help make many of thosedifficult jobs a little easier.

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Sources of replacement partsBy Victor Meeldijk

Sometimes the hardest part of therepair is finding the parts needed. Inthis article we include sources that

can help you find obsolete parts, Japaneseparts, generic replacement parts and vari-ous repair parts. This updates the articlethat was published in December 1993.

The problem of obsolete parts is grow-ing as the rapid pace of technology devel-opment causes even the most advancedproducts to become obsolete in a shortperiod of time. The new product innova-tion cycle is only 3 to 4 years. The life cycleof parts is about five to six years (downfrom a 10 year availability).

There are many reasons that parts arediscontinued, including:

The technology used to produce thepart is obsolete (a new technology is usedto produce most of the product line).

The devices are only selling in lowvolume (thus the fabrication facilitycould be better utilized to produce a partthat is more profitable for the company).

To transfer from one wafer fabrica-tion process to another is too costly.

There are technical incompatibilitiesin transferring the process to other waferfabrication lines.

Corporate mergers cause product linesto be consolidated and redundant fabri-cation facilities are closed. (Equipmentupgrades, and common testers for com-ponents may also cause components tobecome obsolete if it is considered toocostly to manufacture the device with thenew equipment, or to write test softwarefor the new test systems).

If you have to replace a part, or locatea source of supply for an existing device,there are organizations that track compo-nent availability, and issue notices ofparts that are being discontinued. Variousmilitary and commercial organizationstrack component availability and help tolocate obsolete components.

Some sources of obsolete parts are list-ed below. Aftermarket manufacturersplan for support of obsolete products for

Meeldijk is Reliability/Maintainability Engineering Man-ager, Diagnostic/Retrieval Systems, Inc. Oakland, NJ07436

at least 10 years alter the device is dis-continued by the original manufacturer.

Organizations that track partobsolescense

The Navy manages a MicrocircuitObsolescence Management Program(MOM) that identifies devices (by typesand package styles) that are being dis-continued by integrated circuit manufac-turers, and provides alternate sources ofthe devices where possible.

In 1994, MOM notices were discon-tiued with the information forwarded tothe GIDEP program for distribution.

Naval Air Warfare CenterAircraft Division- Indianapolis6000 East 21st StreetIndianapolis, Indiana 46219-2189,Ms. Courtney Howie B/435317-353-3768, or AV 369-3768(remote computer bulletin board 317-351-4991, or DSN 369-4991).

The MOM program became part of theNaval Surface Warfare Center, CrandDivision and the Naval Air Warfare Cen-ter, and is now known as the DiminishingManufacturing Sources (DMS) Technol-ogy Center. They can be reached at 1-800-DMS-4886. They now help in findingsolutions to obsolete part problems tokeep military systems operational.

Component Obsolescence notices aredistributed by GIDEP, the Governmentand Industry Data Exchange Program,through their DMSMS (DiminishingManufacturing Sources and MaterialShortages) notices. Many manufacturerssupply discontinued notices to GIDEP ontheir products (Texas Instruments usesthis as their main way of notifying usersof parts that are going to be discontinued).Information on the GIDEP program isavailable from:

Government and Industry DataExchange Program

GIDEP OPERATIONS CENTERP.O. Box 8000Corona, CA 91718-8000Obsolete parts, and new sources for

components, are also tracked by Elec-tronic Buyers' News (in the "Last Runs"column):

Electronic Buyers' NewsCMP Publications, Inc.600 Community DriveManhasset, NY 11030-3875Subscriptions (address changes):Electronic Buyers' NewsP.O. Box 2020Manhasset, NY 11030-3875(see the listings for magazines and tech-nical publications, below).

Another organization that tracks obso-lete parts is:

TacTechTransition Analysis of ComponentTechnology22700 Savi Ranch ParkwayYorba Linda, CA 92686714-974-7676FAX: 714-921-2715

This company offers the Defense/Aerospace industry an electronic militarymicrocircuit information service. Theelements for the networking service con-sists of a: 1) comprehensive microcircuitlibrary (which includes alternate sourcesfor parts and whether military qualifiedversions of a device are available); 2)weapon system usage library; 3) compre-hensive discontinuance notification; 4)customer program impact; 5) a microcir-cuit life cycle projectory system; and 6) aparts list risk analysis.

The service can be installed on a main-frame computer or accessed via a PC anda modem. A newsletter is also issued bythe company.

Sources of Obsolete ComponentsHere is a list of some companies that

manufacture devices discontinued by theoriginal manufacturer:

American Power Devices7 Andover StreetAndover, MA 01810and:


69 Benett StreetLynn, MA 01905508-475-4074Fax: 508-475-8997Industrial and military semiconductor

devices; including Stabistors and multi -chip devices that are direct replacement-ments for discontinued General Electric,Unitrode MPD series and Motorola MZ2360 and 2361 series.

Calogic Corporation237 Whitney PlaceFreemont, CA 95439510-656-2900FAX: 510-651-1076, 3025This company has purchased some

obsolete product lines from different man-ufacturers. Manufacture some parts dis-continued by Topaz, Intersil and Siliconix.Also make equivalents to NationalSemiconductor devices. Standard databook products, special items and militaryscreening are available.

Central Semiconductor Corp.145 Adams Ave.Hauppauge, NY 11788516-435-1110Fax: 516-435-1824This company offers surface mount

Schottky rectifiers that can be used toreplace the MBRS120 series that is nolonger available from Motorola.

David Sarnoff Research CenterSubsidiary of SRI InternationalCN 5300Princeton, NJ 08543-5300609-734-2437, 2000Fax: 609-734-2075, 2992, 2443(SRI International)333 Ravenswood Ave.Menlo Park, CA 94025415-859-3285Fax: 415-859-2844The GEM program (Generalized Emu-

lation Microcircuits) is a result of an R&Dinitiative by the Defense Logistics Agen-cy and the Defense Electronics SupplyCenter with the guidance and supportfrom the Weapons System ImprovementGroup within the Office of the Secretaryof Defense.

The GEM system has the capability toproduce IC devices that are form, fit andfunction equivalent to original devices ata quality level that satisfies testing inaccordance with MIL -STD -883C.

General Transistor Corporation216 W. Florence Ave.Inglewood, CA 90301310-673-8422Fax: 310-672-2905This company manufactures transis-

tors discontinued by such manufacturersas RCA and Motorola, and secondsources other available devices.

GTE Microelectronics77 "A" StreetNeedham Heights, MA 02194-29821-800-544-0052Fax: 617-455-2088Obsolete parts are recreated using

FPGA, Gate -Array, Standard Cell tech-nology or by the design of a plug-in mod-ule. Whole obsolete PC cards can also berecreated. Devices manufactured in obso-lete technologies can also be supported.

ISI- Ideal Semiconductor Inc.46721 Freemont Blvd.Fremont, CA 94538510-226-7000FAX 510-226-1564Manufactures obsolete parts using

wafers or tooling supplied by the originalmanufacturer. Devices can also be re-versed engineered and emulated usingstandard cell devices. Microcircuits andsemiconductors from a variety of originalmanufacturers, including AMD, Harris,National Semiconductor, IDT, Signetics,Quality, Samsung and Zytrex.

ITAC Hybrid TechnologyDivision ITAC Systems Inc.3121 Benton StreetGarland, TX 75042214-494-30731-800-533-4822Manufactures high temperature (200

THE PROFESSIONAL MAGAZINE FOR ELECTRONICS AND COMPUTER SERVICING ElGoirnonom · 2019. 7. 17. ·...

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Transcript of THE PROFESSIONAL MAGAZINE FOR ELECTRONICS AND COMPUTER SERVICING ElGoirnonom · 2019. 7. 17. ·...