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The Problems of Overpopulation Chapter 9. Population and Quality of Life Environmental degradation...
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Transcript of The Problems of Overpopulation Chapter 9. Population and Quality of Life Environmental degradation...
![Page 1: The Problems of Overpopulation Chapter 9. Population and Quality of Life Environmental degradation Hunger Persistent poverty Economic stagnation Urban.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649e8e5503460f94b91688/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Problems of Overpopulation
Chapter 9
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Population and Quality of Life
• Environmental degradation
• Hunger
• Persistent poverty
• Economic stagnation
• Urban deterioration
• Health issues
Primary problems with overpopulation:
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Population and Quality of Life
Population and World Hunger
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Population and Quality of Life
Different proposed strategies for reducing hunger:
1) Strictly control population growth
2) Stimulate economic development
3) Provide better equitability of resources
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Population and Quality of Life
Economic Effects of Continued Population Growth
Competing hypotheses:
Hyp 1: Rapid population growth ↑economic development + ↑technological innovation.
Why would they think this?
Hyp 2: Rapid population growth does the opposite.
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Population and Quality of LifeEconomic Effects of
Continued Population Growth
Debt in Developing Countries
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Reducing the Total Fertility Rate
Objectives:
1. Describe how each of the following exerts an influence on the total fertility rate.• Cultural traditions• Women’s social and economic status• Family planning
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Reducing the Total Fertility Rate
Culture and Fertility – What are cultural factors that affect fertility
• Cultural expectations
• high infant and child mortality
• Work expectations of children
• Support for parents
• Cultural value placed on gender
• Religious beliefs
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Reducing the Total Fertility Rate
The Social and Economic Status of Women
• Gender inequity is common worldwide
Percent illiteracy of men and women in select developing countries, 2002
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Reducing the Total Fertility Rate
The Social and Economic Status of Women
• Younger age of marriage ↑ fertility rates
Examples:
Sri Lanka Bangladesh
Average age at marriage
25 17
Total fertility rate
2.0 3.3
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Reducing the Total Fertility Rate
The Social and Economic Status of Women
• Gender inequity is common worldwide
• Higher level of education marriage age
• Higher level of education ↓ fertility rates
![Page 12: The Problems of Overpopulation Chapter 9. Population and Quality of Life Environmental degradation Hunger Persistent poverty Economic stagnation Urban.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649e8e5503460f94b91688/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Reducing the Total Fertility Rate
Family Planning Services
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Government Policies and Fertility
China’s Controversial Family Planning Policy
One child per family
Main problems with policy:
Eroded personal freedom
Disproportionate number of males born
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Government Policies and Fertility
India’s Severe Population Pressure
• Early efforts centered on compulsory sterilization.
(which was a complete failure)
• Currently attempting to integrate economic development and family planning.
(total fertility rates have dropped)
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Government Policies and Fertility
Mexico’s Young Age Structure
• Strong positive population growth momentum due to high % young.
• Government measures (e.g., education reform) have reduced the fertility rate.
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Government Policies and Fertility
The Population Challenge in Nigeria
• Most populous African country with high a fertility rate.
• Birth control use very low (8%).
• Government attempting to improve health care and encourage marrying later.