The preservation of microfilm materials in Japan and some suggestions for The Social Sciences...
-
Upload
roxanne-elliott -
Category
Documents
-
view
221 -
download
0
Transcript of The preservation of microfilm materials in Japan and some suggestions for The Social Sciences...
The preservation of microfilm materials in Japan and some suggestions for The Social
Sciences Library in Vietnam
Nguyen Van ThinhInstitute of Social Sciences Information
A- ABOUT THE SOCIAL SCIENCES LIBRARY
B. MAIN CONTENT
I. GENERAL ISSUES ABOUT MICROFORM
II. OVERVIEW MICROFORM MATERIALS IN JAPAN
III. CURRENT STATUS OF PRESERVATION MICROFILM AT THE SOCIAL SCIENCES LIBRARY AND AND SUGGESTIONS
The Social Sciences Library
- Established 1968, but it has more than 100 years of history.
-The Social Sciences Library is the Library of Institute of Social Sciences Information
COLLECTION- About 400.000 books, 2000 magazines and newspapers in Vietnamese and foreign languages of different fields.
- 33.460 old books in Chinesese (before 1940)
- 10.466 old books in Japanese
- 36.767 old books in French, English ....
- Maps: more than 2500 units…
The Social Sciences Library
Sino Nom books collection - Gathered and stored by the EFEO from 1901 to 1958 - More than 160 volumes of stories of gods and genies from about 9000 Vietnamese villages (with a total of ~ 230.000 handwritten pages, printed in a Bibliography of Stories of the Gods and Genies, and Village Conventions) - 1225 books of village conventions were written in Han Nom ideogram, by brush on dó poonah paper, 50 of which were written during the 18th and 19th centuries - About 400 conferments under the Nguyen and old feudal reigns….
RARE COLLECTION
The Social Sciences Library
Sino Nom books collection
RARE COLLECTION
The Social Sciences Library
Microfilm collection
The microfilm collection of the Institue of Social Science
Information was taken originally by the EFEO and
Institute in the period 1940s to 1976. The majority of
these documents are Chinese writings, SinoNom
writings, books, journals and newspaper talking about
Vietnam and Indochina, all of which are highly valuable.
These materials stored at the Social Sciences Library.
But many Chinese writings and SinoNom writings were
moved to The Sino Nom Research Institute in 1979.
RARE COLLECTION
The Social Sciences Library
Microfilm collection
RARE COLLECTION
The Social Sciences Library
Due to: + Natural deterioration
+ Harsh climate and
+ Lack of proper preservation methods…
the above-mentioned collections are facing risks of
being damaged or even permanently ruined.
RARE COLLECTION
The Social Sciences Library
Getting to know about the material itself,
learning and adopting a suitable, scientific method
to preserve these collections in the long term is an
urgent task for the Social Sciences Library.
The preservation of microfilm materials in Japan and some suggestions for The Social
Sciences Library in Vietnam
1. Microform Classification
There are many different types of microform. The three
most common formats are:
I. GENERAL ISSUES ABOUT MICROFORM
Aperture cards- Microfilm (reels)Microfiche (flat sheets)
1. Microform Classification
I. GENERAL ISSUES ABOUT MICROFORM
- Microfilm(reels):
+ Standard width: 16mm and 35mm.
+ Standard lengths: 100 feet for 35mm rolls, and 100 ft,
130 ft and 215 feet for 16mm rolls.
+ One roll of 35 mm film may carry 600 - 800 images.
16 mm film may carry 2,400 images of letter sized
images or 10,000 small documents.
Nowadays, Microfilms are most commonly used in
libraries, museums and archives.
1. Microform Classification
I. GENERAL ISSUES ABOUT MICROFORM
- Aperture Cards: the cards into which a hole has been
cut. A 35 mm microfilm chip is mounted in the hole
inside of a clear plastic sleeve, or secured over the
aperture by an adhesive tape.
- Libraries usually choose Aperture Card as the method
to store documents such as design and technical
drawings.
- Nowadays, eventhough Aperture Cards can still be of
use in storing documents, its role is being gradually
replaced by modern, digital methods.
1. Microform Classification
I. GENERAL ISSUES ABOUT MICROFORM
- Microfiche: Microfiche was used to store information
in miniature cards.
- With its small size and thinness, microfiche makes
storage convenient and save space.
- Moreover, its durability and longevity are
characteristics that make microfiche still viable today,
besides the digital storage devices.
2. Overview of Microfilm
I. GENERAL ISSUES ABOUT MICROFORM
2. Overview of Microfilm
I. GENERAL ISSUES ABOUT MICROFORM
2.1. Structure of Microfilm
- Film is made up of several microscopically-thin layers.
- Two major components: Base layer and Emulsion layer.
Moreover, backing layer is an important layer when deterioration of
microfilm is taken into account- Protective layer: gelatin
Emulsion layer (image layer): silver, gelatin
- Antihalation layer: gelatin
- Support (Base): polyester/ cellulose ester/ nitrocellulose
- Backing layer: gelatine
2. Overview of microfilm
I. GENERAL ISSUES ABOUT MICROFORM
- The emulsion layer: It is the layer that actually contains the image.
- The base layer is the transparent, supporting layer to which the emulsion layer is adhered with a binder. The base layers are likely to be of an acetate variety or polyester. It is unlikely but possible that you might encounter a very old microfilm with a nitrate base. The base side is noticeably glossier than the emulsion layer.
2.1. Structure of microfilm
2. Overview of microfilm
I. GENERAL ISSUES ABOUT MICROFORM
- The backing layer: a layer, usually made of gelatin,
applied to the side of the film base opposite to that of
the emulsion layer, for the purpose of preventing curl.
2.1. Structure of microfilm
2. Overview of microfilm
I. GENERAL ISSUES ABOUT MICROFORM
2.2.1. Sorting by film base
Through the years, microfilms have appeared
on various film bases, including:
+ Cellulose nitrate
+ Cellulose acetate
+ Polyester
2.2. Microfilm Classification
2. Overview of microfilm
I. GENERAL ISSUES ABOUT MICROFORM
2.2.1. Sorting by film base
- Cellulose nitrate-based films, are highly
flammable, prone to releasing hazardous gases over
time, and subject to natural decomposition. By the
early 1950s, commercial production of all formats of
cellulose nitrate film had permanently ceased.
2.2. Microfilm Classification
2. Overview of microfilm
I. GENERAL ISSUES ABOUT MICROFORM
2.2.1. Sorting by film base
- Cellulose acetate-based film (TAC), touted as
safety base film and non-flammable, will still naturally
degrade over time. This degradation process is
accelerated when acetate film is not properly stored.
Although a great deal of acetate microfilm exists,
acetate film is not acceptable as a preservation
medium for microforms.
2.2. Microfilm Classification
2. Overview of microfilm
I. GENERAL ISSUES ABOUT MICROFORM
2.2.1. Sorting by film base
- Polyester-based film (PET), is the only film base
currently recommended for preservation microfilming.
Both stable and durable, black-and-white polyester
film has a life expectancy of 500+ years under proper
storage conditions.
2.2. Microfilm Classification
2. Overview of microfilm
I. GENERAL ISSUES ABOUT MICROFORM
2.2.1. Sorting by film base
- After 1990s, almost all of the film base is PET. But
before 1980s most of the film are TAC which cause
vinegar syndrome.
2.2. Microfilm Classification
2. Overview of microfilm
I. GENERAL ISSUES ABOUT MICROFORM
2.2.2. Sort by emulsion layer’s material
Currently there are three types of film are common in
microfilm collections:
+ Silver-gelatin
+ Diazo
+ Vesicular
2.2. Microfilm Classification
2. Overview of microfilm
I. GENERAL ISSUES ABOUT MICROFORM
- Modern silver-gelatin films are long-lived under appropriate
storage conditions and normal library use.
- Diazo film is reasonably stable but eventually fades, even in
the dark. Fading is accelerated by prolonged exposure to light
(as in a film reader).Diazo is not a media for long term use.
- Vesicular film may suffer damage at temperatures below
167°F (75oC)
2.2. Microfilm Classification
2. Overview of microfilm
I. GENERAL ISSUES ABOUT MICROFORM
Advantages:
- It enables libraries to greatly expand access to
collections without putting rare, fragile, or valuable items
at risk of theft or damage.
- It is compact, with far smaller storage costs than paper
documents. When compared to filing paper, microforms
can reduce space storage requirements by up to 95%.
2.3. Using Microfilm as a preservation medium
2. Overview of microfilm
I. GENERAL ISSUES ABOUT MICROFORM
Advantages:
- It is cheaper to distribute than paper copy.
2.3. Using Microfilm as a preservation medium
Media EquivalentUnit price monthly
Annual Storag
e
Filming/ Scannin
g
Total storage for 50 years
Grand Total
Microfilm 400 reels $.04/reel $192.00$42,379.50 $9,600.00
$51,979.50
Paper500 cubic feet $.198/cf
$1,188.00 none
$59,440.00
$59,440.00
Digital 1 50 gigabytes $24.00/GB$1,200.00
$87,000.00
$60,000.00
$147,000.00
Digital 21,000,000 images $.00064/each
$7,680.00
$87,000.00
$384,000.00
$471,000.00
Table: Cost Comparisons of 1,000,000 Images Kept for 50 Years
Microfilm Paper Digital 1 Digital 2 $0.00
$50,000.00
$100,000.00
$150,000.00
$200,000.00
$250,000.00
$300,000.00
$350,000.00
$400,000.00
$450,000.00
$500,000.00
$51,979.50
$59,440.00
$147,000.00
$471,000.00
Cost Comparisons of 1,000,000 Images Kept for 50 Years
2. Overview of microfilm
I. GENERAL ISSUES ABOUT MICROFORM
Advantages:
- It is a stable archival form when properly processed
and stored. Preservation of standard microfilms uses
the silver halide process, creating silver images in
hard gelatin emulsion on a polyester base. With
appropriate storage conditions, this film has a life
expectancy of 500 years.
2.3. Using Microfilm as a preservation medium
2. Overview of microfilm
I. GENERAL ISSUES ABOUT MICROFORM
Advantages:
- Since it is analog (an actual image of the original data), it is
easy to view. Unlike digital media, the format requires no
software to decode the data stored thereon. It is instantly
comprehensible to persons literate in the language; the only
equipment that is needed is a simple magnifying glass. This
eliminates the problem of software obsolescence.
- It is virtually impossible to mutilate. Users cannot tear pages
from or deface microfilms.
2.3. Using Microfilm as a preservation medium
2. Overview of microfilm
I. GENERAL ISSUES ABOUT MICROFORM
Most documents stored in libraries and archive agencies around
the world are in paper form. And in the future, the documents
published in paper forms will keep growing in popularity
everywhere, because of the demand for social management, labor
service production and entertainment. Seen from the perspective of
preservation, paper documents covers much of the treasure
preserved. Meanwhile, small microfilm rolls can store hundreds or
thousands of images, save considerable storage space, gives
stability, longevity, not being dependent on technology and is easy
to digitalize... so microfilm is selected as a preservation medium in
many libraries. How do you estimate the digital media?
2.3. Using Microfilm as a preservation medium
2. Overview of microfilm
I. GENERAL ISSUES ABOUT MICROFORM
- Microfilm must be protected against:
1. Deterioration of the images.
2. Microscopic blemishes (indicated by tiny red or
yellow markings)
3. Abrasions or other physical damage.
4. Separation of the emulsion from the base.
5. Brittleness of the film
6. Mold.
2.4. Factors Contributing to Deterioration of Microfilm
2. Overview of microfilm
I. GENERAL ISSUES ABOUT MICROFORM
- Three components, which determine a microform’s
permanence:
1. Its chemical composition
2. The quality of its processing
3. Preservation and storage conditions.
2.4. Factors Contributing to Deterioration of Microfilm
2. Overview of microfilm
I. GENERAL ISSUES ABOUT MICROFORM
- Proper temperature is important. High temperatures can cause deterioration of microfilm. If too cold some types of microfilm can also be damaged.
- Humidity is also a problem. Microfilm should never be stored in over 60% RH. Silver-halide should not exceed 40% RH.
2.4. Factors Contributing to Deterioration of Microfilm
2. Overview of microfilm
I. GENERAL ISSUES ABOUT MICROFORM
- Silver has the potential to oxidize if oxidizing gases are
present creating reddish faded spots and discoloration
(redox blemishes). Generally, it is the result of storage in
poor-quality cardboard that give off peroxides, but can
also come from other sources.
2.4. Factors Contributing to Deterioration of Microfilm
2. Overview of microfilm
I. GENERAL ISSUES ABOUT MICROFORM
- Silver-halide types are especially vulnerable to air
pollutants that could cause abrasions
- Diazo microfilm is faded by light. Even normal use on a
reading device can cause fading over time.
- Vesicular microfilm can be damaged from heat over
167o F
2.4. Factors Contributing to Deterioration of Microfilm
2. Overview of microfilm
I. GENERAL ISSUES ABOUT MICROFORM
- Silver-halide types are especially vulnerable to air
pollutants that could cause abrasions
- Diazo microfilm is faded by light. Even normal use on a
reading device can cause fading over time.
- Vesicular microfilm can be damaged from heat over
167o F
2.4. Factors Contributing to Deterioration of Microfilm
II. OVERVIEW MICROFORM MATERIALS IN JAPAN
1. Microform production and consumption in Japan statistics (1950-2012)
II. OVERVIEW MICROFORM MATERIALS IN JAPAN
According to the results of the “Fundamental research of
Microform storage as a cultural asset: Analysis of practical survey
results” conducted in 2012, showed that the year 2000 was the
peak year for production amount, while 2012’s production merely
reached 1/3 of that and a revenue of 1/7.
In 2012 – the year with the most recent statistics, the nation’s
total film production amount was 137.642 (103 m2).
In 2000, the amount of film for printing and business purpose
reached 128.426 (103 m2).
(Figure 1)
1. Microform production and consumption in Japan statistics (1950-2012)
II. OVERVIEW MICROFORM MATERIALS IN JAPAN
Figure 1 Volatility of output and sale amount of black and white film (film for printing and for business).
2. Microform documents storage quantity (in university libraries)
II. OVERVIEW MICROFORM MATERIALS IN JAPAN
Statistics on the amount of storage during the 25-
year period, from 1988 to 2012:
- Regarding documents of film rolls: the amount of
storage is still in an upward trend, but the growth rate
is slowing.
- Average annual growth is approximately 26000 title,
but since 2006, each year grew by approximately
8500 title, less than 1/3 of the previous period.
(Figure 2)
2. Microform documents storage quantity (in university libraries)
II. OVERVIEW MICROFORM MATERIALS IN JAPAN
Figure 2: The number of title storing roll films in the university libraries of Japan
2. Microform documents storage quantity (in university libraries)
II. OVERVIEW MICROFORM MATERIALS IN JAPAN
- Regarding Microfiche documents: the amount of
storage are as shown in Figure 3, in private universities’
libraries in 1991 and 1995. In national universities’
libraries, the number of titles in 2007 dropped
significantly (Figure 3).
2. Microform documents storage quantity (in university libraries)
II. OVERVIEW MICROFORM MATERIALS IN JAPAN
Figure 3: Fluctuation of the amount of title stored in microfiche in Japanese universities’ libraries
3. Current situation of storage and preservation of Microform documents in Japan
According to the survey in libraries of provinces and
cities of Japan in 2012, made by researchers from the
University of Tokyo, Keio University and the Institute of
cultural property Tokyo:
- 52.3% of libraries implementing document retention
microform. However, nearly a half of them do not receive any
more.
- 98% of provincial and national libraries hold microform
(55/56 libraries) and 85.5% of them currently keep receiving
regularly microform documents.
3.1. The current status of storage microform
II. OVERVIEW MICROFORM MATERIALS IN JAPAN
3. Current situation of storage and preservation of Microform documents in Japan
- 47.5% of libraries consider microform are long-term
storage medium. The percentage of provincial, national
libraries is 89.1%.
- 14.3% of libraries perform simultaneously both
microform and digitization. The percentage of provincial,
national libraries is 41.8%
3.1. The current status of storage microform
II. OVERVIEW MICROFORM MATERIALS IN JAPAN
3. Current situation of storage and preservation of Microform documents in Japan
* About storage room, storage facilities:
- There are 39.2% of libraries are stored microform
documents and other form documents in the same place.
- The place is kept in a separate room for document types
such as micro micro storehouses, etc. accounted for 27.2%;
- 54.4% of libraries use air conditioners in microform storage
room, but only 31.6% of them use air conditioners in 24 hours
per day.
- 30.4% of libraries set temperature, 22.7% set humidity…
3.2. The current status of preservation microform
II. OVERVIEW MICROFORM MATERIALS IN JAPAN
3. Current situation of storage and preservation of Microform documents in Japan
- Negatives film and positive film:
+ 8.0% of libraries have distinction between negative film and
positive film to use separate cabinets (The percentage of
provincial and national libraries is 40.0%), 64.1% did not
distinguish use and manage.
3.2. The current status of preservation microform
II. OVERVIEW MICROFORM MATERIALS IN JAPAN
* Management and preservation based on the type of microform
3. Current situation of storage and preservation of Microform documents in Japan
- TAC film and PET film:
+ 4.4% of libraries distinguish between TAC film and PET film.
41.1% did not distinguish.
+ There is 19.6% of libraries did not understand the difference
between TAC and PET
3.2. The current status of preservation microform
II. OVERVIEW MICROFORM MATERIALS IN JAPAN
* Management and preservation based on the type of microform
3. Current situation of storage and preservation of Microform documents in Japan
- The distinction of emulsion layer’s material (photo sensitive
layer)
+ Only 0.8% of libraries distinguish between Silver-gelatin,
Diazo and Vesicular film.
3.2. The current status of preservation microform
II. OVERVIEW MICROFORM MATERIALS IN JAPAN
* Management and preservation based on the type of microform
3. Current situation of storage and preservation of Microform documents in Japan
+ 44.3% of libraries appear “vinegar syndrome”
3.2. The current status of preservation microform
II. OVERVIEW MICROFORM MATERIALS IN JAPAN
* The real degradation of microform
4. The preservation and resolution degradation microfilm in Japan
- One of the most popular standards in Japan today JIS (JIS Z 6009: 1994)
II. OVERVIEW MICROFORM MATERIALS IN JAPAN
4. The preservation and resolution degradation microfilm in Japan
- Many measures for preservation microfilming, limited, slow degradation and prevent the spread of the deterioration of microfilm were made:
- Separate warehouse system for microfilm, including regular monitoring of temperature, humidity, environmental conditions, in compliance with the JIS Z 6009: 1994.
II. OVERVIEW MICROFORM MATERIALS IN JAPAN
4. The preservation and resolution degradation microfilm in Japan
Condition of relative humidity and temperature (JIS Z 6009: 1994)
II. OVERVIEW MICROFORM MATERIALS IN JAPAN
Storage conditions
Relative humidity(%)
Temperature
( )℃
MaximumMinimum
MaximumCellulose
esterPolyeste
r
Conditions for medium storage1 60 15 30 25(3)
Conditions for permanent
storage240 15 30 21
4. The preservation and resolution degradation microfilm in Japan
Storage Temperature and Relative Humidity
(Storage and Preservation of Microfilms, D31 - Kodak)
II. OVERVIEW MICROFORM MATERIALS IN JAPAN
Extended and Long Term Medium Term
Film Type Base Relative
Humidity
Temperature(Max.)
Relative
Humidity
Temperature
(Max.)
°C °F °C °F
Silver-GelatinCellulose
ester (Acetate)
20-50%
20-40%
20-30%
2
5
7
35.6
41.0
44.6
20-60% 25 77
Silver-Gelatin Polyester 30-40% 21 69.8 20-
60% 25 77
Thermally Processed Silver Polyester 15-30% 21 69.8 20-
60% 25 77
Diazo Polyester
20-50%
20-50%
20-50%
-10
-3
2
14
26.6
35.6
20-60% 25 77
Vesicular Polyester 15-50% 20 70 20-
60% 25 77
Electro-Photographic Polyester 15-50% 20 70 20-
60% 25 77
Photo-Plastic Polyester 15-50% 20 70 20-
60% 25 77
Color Cellulose ester
20-30% -10 14 20-
60% 25 77
(Acetate) 20-40% -3 26.6 20-
60% 25 77
Color Polyester 25-30% 2 35.6 20-
60% 25 77
4. The preservation and resolution degradation microfilm in Japan
One problem deteriorated microfilm is now the
most common is vinegar syndrome.
Vinegar syndrome occurs due to hydrolysis and
potentially spread. When progressive vinegar
syndrome, it's likely it will cause adverse impacts to any
other document or material micro format paper, and it
also impacts to air-conditioning equipment and human
body.
II. OVERVIEW MICROFORM MATERIALS IN JAPAN
4. The preservation and resolution degradation microfilm in Japan
To curb and prevent this situation, the libraries
undertook various measures such as:
+ Remove the damaged film can not be used
+ Use of desiccant
+ Roll back microfilm (to drying and release acid
from movies)
+ Air-purifying ...
II. OVERVIEW MICROFORM MATERIALS IN JAPAN
III. CURRENT STATUS OF PRESERVATION
MICROFILM AT THE SOCIAL SCIENCES LIBRARY
AND SUGGESTIONS
1. Current status of Microfilm Storage of Social Sciences Library
Microfilm collection of Social Sciences Library was
taken in the period 1940s to 1976
III. CURRENT STATUS OF PRESERVATION MICROFILM AT THE SOCIAL SCIENCES LIBRARY AND SUGGESTIONS
Boxes Rolls Title
4163 5776 About 4400
1.1. Quantity:The total length is about hundred thousand meters.
1. Current status of Microfilm Storage of Social Sciences Library
III. CURRENT STATUS OF PRESERVATION MICROFILM AT THE SOCIAL SCIENCES LIBRARY AND SUGGESTIONS
1.2. About Microfilm’s Content:
- Chinese and Sino Nom documents, and majority
of books, journals, newspapers about Vietnam,
Indochina, Ho Chi Minh president and other
political leaders....
-The vast majority of documents have historical
literature and politics themes.
- Culture, education, religion, archeology ...
1. Current status of Microfilm Storage of Social Sciences Library
III. CURRENT STATUS OF PRESERVATION MICROFILM AT THE SOCIAL SCIENCES LIBRARY AND SUGGESTIONS
1.3. Storage conditions
* About staff:
+ Microfilm Collection of Social Sciences Library was
managed by staffs of Readers Departerment.
+ Librarians has experience and expertise in preservation
microfilm.
+ The librarians do not have many opportunities to
exchange and enhance the experience for preservation
Microfilm.
1. Current status of Microfilm Storage of Social Sciences Library
III. CURRENT STATUS OF PRESERVATION MICROFILM AT THE SOCIAL SCIENCES LIBRARY AND SUGGESTIONS
1.3. Storage conditions
* Systems of warehouse, storage conditions:
The microfilm documents are not stored in dedicated
warehouse, but in a about 500m2, along with other
furniture and items.
+ With Air conditioning system and dehumidifiers.
+ Temperature is maintained at 18oC
+ Humidity is 55%.
1. Current status of Microfilm Storage of Social Sciences Library
III. CURRENT STATUS OF PRESERVATION MICROFILM AT THE SOCIAL SCIENCES LIBRARY AND SUGGESTIONS
1.3. Storage conditions
* Systems of warehouse, storage conditions:
However, the room is not designed for microfilm
document preservation, the air conditioning system and
dehumidifiers do not have separate electricity systems,
and have to reboot manually whenever power failure
occurs.
* Systems of warehouse, storage conditions:The Microfilms are protected in zinc or plastic box.And stored in steel cabinets.
* Systems of warehouse, storage conditions:The Microfilms are protected in zinc or plastic box.And stored in steel cabinets.
* Systems of warehouse, storage conditions:The Microfilms are protected in zinc or plastic box.And stored in steel cabinets.
1. Current status of Microfilm Storage of Social Sciences Library
III. CURRENT STATUS OF PRESERVATION MICROFILM AT THE SOCIAL SCIENCES LIBRARY AND SUGGESTIONS
1.4. QualityMost of the library's microfilm are silver gelatin films, cellulose acetate film (TAC), black and white negatives films.
1.4. Quality
Survey results (observation and examination with the
naked eye) in 2013 showed that:
+ About 50% of microfilm rolls are in good quality, clear
word, quite clean and little dust
+ 50% of the remaining microfilm rolls had mold, were
dusty, sticky, wet, had stain signs, or were damaged and
blurred overtime.
+ Many boxes are acidified so they are very sour and had
toxic gas.
1.4. Quality
Good Mold Moist Stickiness, wetBroken0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
44.52%
53.60%
0.75% 0.36% 0.77%
Microfilms Quality
1.4. Quality
1.4. Quality
1.4. Quality
1.4. Quality
2. Recommendations and conclusions
III. CURRENT STATUS OF PRESERVATION MICROFILM AT THE SOCIAL SCIENCES LIBRARY AND SUGGESTIONS
2.1. Developing standards for management, use and preservation of document formats Microfilm
- Currently preservation of Microfilm is done based on
limited experience.
The effective preservation is rare and there is rapid
deterioration of documents.
It is essential to develope standards for the
management, use and preservation of documents on
Microfilm.
2. Recommendations and conclusions
III. CURRENT STATUS OF PRESERVATION MICROFILM AT THE SOCIAL SCIENCES LIBRARY AND SUGGESTIONS
2.2. Dissemination of knowledge, experience and raise
awareness regarding usage and preservation of
microfilm documents for library’s staffs
2. Recommendations and conclusions
III. CURRENT STATUS OF PRESERVATION MICROFILM AT THE SOCIAL SCIENCES LIBRARY AND SUGGESTIONS
2.3. Developing a plan for creating copies of and transferring format of rare and valuable documents in order to simplify usage and preservation
+ For paper documents that must be kept, but is rarely
referenced (pulled from storage), leave it in paper for its
retention period.
+ For paper that is a vital record, copy or microfilm it to reduce
the risk of loss in an emergency or disaster.
+ For documents that are both vital and permanent and often
referenced, use both microfilm and digital imaging to protect,
preserve, and easily access.
2. Recommendations and conclusions
III. CURRENT STATUS OF PRESERVATION MICROFILM AT THE SOCIAL SCIENCES LIBRARY AND SUGGESTIONS
2.3. Developing a plan for creating copies of and transferring format of rare and valuable documents in order to simplify usage and preservation
- Microfilm documents should have several copies:
+ The master negative for storage.
+ Duplicate negative (or Print-master nagetive), used
to create use copies (service copies)
+ Use copies (service copies) for readers.
2. Recommendations and conclusions
III. CURRENT STATUS OF PRESERVATION MICROFILM AT THE SOCIAL SCIENCES LIBRARY AND SUGGESTIONS
2.4. Temporary solutions for the current degradation of microfilm collection
-List up all collections
- Distinguish between original (nega) and reproduction
(posi/nega), TAC base and PET base, silver films and
diazo films
- Estimate the value of the collection as microform from a
point of preservation needs
2. Recommendations and conclusions
III. CURRENT STATUS OF PRESERVATION MICROFILM AT THE SOCIAL SCIENCES LIBRARY AND SUGGESTIONS
2.4. Temporary solutions for the current degradation of microfilm collection
- Storage Room
- Storage environment:
- Safety & security system
- Regarding mold, sour, stickiness, moist and rusted
conditions
Thank you for your attention!