The Present Subjunctive The Present Subjunctive

The SubjunctiveThe Subjunctive

So far this year we have used verbs in the indicative mood - which is used to talk about facts or actual events.

THE INDICATIVETHE INDICATIVE

Aprendo francés para mi viaje.

The SubjunctiveThe Subjunctive

Spanish has another way of using verbs called the subjunctive mood.

The SubjunctiveThe Subjunctive

We use it to say what one person:

does or doesn’t want tells suggestsor recommends someone else to do.

The SubjunctiveThe Subjunctive

A sentence that includes the subjunctive form has two parts connected by the word que.

For example:

The SubjunctiveThe Subjunctive

Quiero que tú hables menos.I want you to talk less.

The SubjunctiveThe SubjunctiveSugiero que bebas agua antes de correr.

I suggest that you drink water before running.

The SubjunctiveThe Subjunctive

El entrenador exige que los atletas levanten las pesas.

The trainer demands that the athletes lift weights.

The SubjunctiveThe Subjunctive

You can also suggest more general or impersonal ideas using expressions such as es necesario…es bueno…and es importante…, followed by que and a form of the present subjunctive.

The SubjunctiveThe Subjunctive

Es necesario que hagas ejercicio.It’s necessary that you do exercise.

Es importante que los jóvenes coman bien.

It’s important that the young people eat well.

The SubjunctiveThe Subjunctive

Note that the subjunctive sentences have two parts, each with a different subject, connected by the word que:

Ella sugiere que yo aprenda francés

Independent clause(stands on its own)Subject > Verb

Separated by the word “que”

Dependent clause (can’t stand on its own)Begins with the word “que.”

Indicative Verb

Subjunctive Verb

The SubjunctiveThe Subjunctive

The first subject uses the present indicative verb (recommendation, suggestion, prohibition, & so on) + que and the second subject uses the present subjunctive verb (what should happen).

The SubjunctiveThe Subjunctive

We form the present subjunctive of most verbs the same way we form negative tú commands.

The SubjunctiveThe Subjunctive

We drop the -o of the present-tense indicative yo form and add the subjunctive endings.

The SubjunctiveThe Subjunctive

For -ar verbs:e, es, e, emos, éis, en

For -er/-ir verbs:a, as, a, amos, áis, an

SALTAR – to jumpSALTAR – to jump

salte

saltes

salte

saltemos

saltéis

salten

CONOCER – TO CONOCER – TO KNOWKNOW

conozca

conozcas

conozca

conozcamos

conozcáis

conozcan

DECIR – TO SAY/TELLDECIR – TO SAY/TELL

diga

digas

diga

digamos

digáis

digan

The SubjunctiveThe Subjunctive

The present subjunctive has the same spelling changes and irregular yo form changes used with the negative tú commands and Ud./Uds. commands.

Irregular Subjunctive VerbsIrregular Subjunctive VerbsAs in negative commands, irregular verbs that add a “g” to the stem in the present-tense yo form also have a “g” in the present subjunctive.

IRREGULAR SUBJUNCTIVE VERBS THAT IRREGULAR SUBJUNCTIVE VERBS THAT HAVE A GHAVE A G

caersedecirhacerponersalir

tenertraer

Irregular Subjunctive VerbsIrregular Subjunctive Verbs

hacer hag-o haga

tener teng-o tenga

Irregular Subjunctive VerbsIrregular Subjunctive VerbsAlso verbs ending in –car, -gar, and –zar have a spell change in order to maintain the original sound.

Irregular Subjunctive VerbsIrregular Subjunctive Verbs

buscar busco busque

pagar pago pague

cruzar cruzo cruce

STEM CHANGING VERBSSTEM CHANGING VERBS

PensarContarQuererVolverJugar------------------------

--SentirDormirPedir

Piense/pensemosCuente/contemosQuiera/queramosVuelva/volvamosJuegue/juguemos--------------------------Sienta/sintamosDuerma/

durmamosPida/pidamos