The Power of the Pill: Oral Contraceptives and Women’s Career and Marriage Decisions Claudia...
-
Upload
leslie-pierce -
Category
Documents
-
view
219 -
download
0
Transcript of The Power of the Pill: Oral Contraceptives and Women’s Career and Marriage Decisions Claudia...
![Page 1: The Power of the Pill: Oral Contraceptives and Women’s Career and Marriage Decisions Claudia Goldin and Lawrence F Katz Presented by Jennifer Windh.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649dbf5503460f94ab31df/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Power of the Pill: Oral Contraceptives and Women’s
Career and Marriage DecisionsClaudia Goldin and Lawrence F
Katz
Presented by Jennifer Windh
![Page 2: The Power of the Pill: Oral Contraceptives and Women’s Career and Marriage Decisions Claudia Goldin and Lawrence F Katz Presented by Jennifer Windh.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649dbf5503460f94ab31df/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Background
• Birth Control Pill approved by FDA in 1960
• Removed penalties of abstinence and uncertainty about pregnancy, thereby decreasing the costs of investing in human capital for women
• Analyzes effect on age of first marriage and career choices
• Proposes a natural experiment is created by differential changes in single women’s access to pill across states
![Page 3: The Power of the Pill: Oral Contraceptives and Women’s Career and Marriage Decisions Claudia Goldin and Lawrence F Katz Presented by Jennifer Windh.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649dbf5503460f94ab31df/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The Pill and Single Women:Diffusion of the Pill among Single
Women• Pill rapidly adopted by married women;
legal and social barriers blocked single women’s access
• Late 60’s – early 70’s: age of majority lowered and mature minor laws adopted
• Data is very limited on this topic• Laws were not necessarily perfectly
enforced• Decision to focus on college graduate
women
![Page 4: The Power of the Pill: Oral Contraceptives and Women’s Career and Marriage Decisions Claudia Goldin and Lawrence F Katz Presented by Jennifer Windh.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649dbf5503460f94ab31df/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The Pill and Single Women:Diffusion of the Pill among Single
Women
![Page 5: The Power of the Pill: Oral Contraceptives and Women’s Career and Marriage Decisions Claudia Goldin and Lawrence F Katz Presented by Jennifer Windh.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649dbf5503460f94ab31df/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The Pill and Single Women:State Variation in Laws Affecting
Contraceptive Services
• Age of majority lowered• Mature minor laws• Family Planning available without
parental consent• University health services tended to
conform to state laws
![Page 6: The Power of the Pill: Oral Contraceptives and Women’s Career and Marriage Decisions Claudia Goldin and Lawrence F Katz Presented by Jennifer Windh.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649dbf5503460f94ab31df/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The Pill and Single Women:The Impact of State Laws on Pill Use
![Page 7: The Power of the Pill: Oral Contraceptives and Women’s Career and Marriage Decisions Claudia Goldin and Lawrence F Katz Presented by Jennifer Windh.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649dbf5503460f94ab31df/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The Effect of the Pill on Marriage and Career
• Direct Effect: reduce cost of marriage delay and career investment
• Indirect Effect: lower cost of career investment through “thickening” of marriage market
• Rest: better marriage matches– Women’s marriage desirability as a
function of “nurturing” and career– Preferences not fully formed until older
![Page 8: The Power of the Pill: Oral Contraceptives and Women’s Career and Marriage Decisions Claudia Goldin and Lawrence F Katz Presented by Jennifer Windh.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649dbf5503460f94ab31df/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
The Effect of the Pill on Marriage and Career
![Page 9: The Power of the Pill: Oral Contraceptives and Women’s Career and Marriage Decisions Claudia Goldin and Lawrence F Katz Presented by Jennifer Windh.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649dbf5503460f94ab31df/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Evidence for the Power of the Pill:
Time Series – Career Investment
![Page 10: The Power of the Pill: Oral Contraceptives and Women’s Career and Marriage Decisions Claudia Goldin and Lawrence F Katz Presented by Jennifer Windh.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649dbf5503460f94ab31df/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Evidence for the Power of the Pill:
Time Series – Age at First Marriage
![Page 11: The Power of the Pill: Oral Contraceptives and Women’s Career and Marriage Decisions Claudia Goldin and Lawrence F Katz Presented by Jennifer Windh.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649dbf5503460f94ab31df/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Evidence for the Power of the Pill:
Formal Analyses – Age at First Marriage & State Law Changes
![Page 12: The Power of the Pill: Oral Contraceptives and Women’s Career and Marriage Decisions Claudia Goldin and Lawrence F Katz Presented by Jennifer Windh.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649dbf5503460f94ab31df/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Evidence for the Power of the Pill:
Formal Analyses – Career and Marital Status Outcomes
![Page 13: The Power of the Pill: Oral Contraceptives and Women’s Career and Marriage Decisions Claudia Goldin and Lawrence F Katz Presented by Jennifer Windh.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649dbf5503460f94ab31df/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Alternative Explanations
• Abortion Reform; Availability of other methods of birth control
• Resurgence in feminism• Anti-discrimination legislation• Advancement and affordability of home
production technology• Sex-ratio changes• End of draft deferments for graduate
students