The Plumbing Sexual Anatomy and Disorders of Sexual Development.
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Transcript of The Plumbing Sexual Anatomy and Disorders of Sexual Development.
The PlumbingSexual Anatomy
and
Disorders of Sexual Development
Female Anatomy
Female Reproductive System in Context
This is not a vagina
The Clitoral Complex
THE HORMONES
Endocrine glands secrete their product into the system
1. Hypothalamus –structure in the brain that controls the pituitary gland
2. Pituitary—pea shaped gland, base of brain, master gland, stimulates all the other glands
Hormones
Gonadotropins—sex hormones secreted by pituitary that stimulates the gonads to produce hormones.
a) Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) – released by pituitary, instructs the ovaries to prepare an egg to be released
b) Lutenizing Hormone (LH)—stimulates ovulation
c) Prolactin – pituitary hormone, stimulates production of milk from mammaries
Sex Hormones
Estrogen—produced by ovaries
*level in blood controls menstrual cycle*
Progesterone—released by corpus lutuem to signal endometrium to develop in preparation for a zygote
Androgens –“male” sex hormones
MENSTRUATION Menstrual phsiology
-If zygote not implanted then no hormones to sustain corpus luteum, so it disintegrates.
-With no progesterone being released menstruation is then signaled
Phases of the menstrual cycle
1. Proliferative phase
2. Secretory/Luteal phase
3. Ovulatory phase
4. Menstrual phase
A. Effects of menstruation on the body and mind
B. Menstrual problems
1. Dysmenorrhea
2. Amenorrhea
3. Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
4. Endometriosis
C. The menstrual cycle and sex
increased HIV
1920s
1944
1950s
1960
1974
1992
Instead
The Keeper
•
Washable Pads
MENOPAUSE Symptoms of perimenopause and
menopause
Treatment for menopause
- Estrogen Replacement Therapy
- HRT
THE BREASTS
Breast Problems
1. The breasts
a) Breast cancer
b) Cysts
c) Fibroidenoma non cancerous tumor
d) Nipple discharge
e) Breast abscess
Male Anatomy
The internal genitals1. The urethra
2. The corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum – fill with blood, erection
3. The testis
a) Vas deferens -- tube through which sperm is passed
b) Seminiferous tubules – structures in the testicles that actually produce sperm
c) Epididymis -- where sperm are stored and nourished
The pathway of sperm
a) Seminal vesicles sacs that secrete nutrients to sperm
b) Ampulla where sperm are provided with nutrients from the seminal vesicles
c) Prostate gland structure that secretes fluid into semen before ejaculation.
d) Cowper’s gland pre-ejaculate
e) Ejaculation and orgasm expulsion of semen from penis and peak of sexual tension, sensory pleasure
The external genitals
Circumcision
Foreskin Restoration
• National Organization for Foreskin Restoration - http://www.norm.org/
• Why? Increase sensation, feeling of having been robbed of sexual pleasure
• Homemade device foreskin stretching
• Two year process• http://
www.foreskinrestore.com/
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Erection + Ejaculation
• Most often, stimulation of an erection plays a big part in ejaculation
• HOWEVER ejaculation can happen without an erection
• Stimulation of the prostate is one way this can happen
Sperm
• Mature sperm .0024 inches
• Acrosome, head, neck, midpiece and tail
• Adult male produces over 100 million sperm cells each day
Ejaculation
• Muscle contractions• 300 million sperm expelled in a single ejac. • Valve to bladder closes to prevent passage of urine• A tablespoon of semen contains approximately six
calories. Semen does contain protein, but it also contains all kinds of chemicals and minerals, including water, sugar, calcium, chlorine, magnesium, nitrogen, vitamin B12, and zinc. But it does not contain enough of any of these things to be considered "nutritious."
HORMONES
A. PUBERTY
1. Releasing factors
2. Estrogen/progesterone
3. Testosterone
B. Male climacteric (male menopause)
Erectile dysfunction hormone supplements therapy vacuums injections implants surgery pellets and…
Homologous Reproductive Structures
• Homologous: corresponding in structure and in origin, but not necessarily in function
• Essentially, body parts that develop from same origins
Female Male
Clitoral glans Glans penis
Clitoral shaft Penis shaft
Clitoral hood Foreskin
Inner labia Scrotum
Outer lips Bottom of penile shaft
Ovaries Testes
Bartholins glands
Cowper’s glands
Skene’s gland Prostate
Biological Sex: Becoming Male, Female or Intersex
Biological sex is not chosen, it is determined by a combination of chromosomes, hormones, and gonads while the fetus is in the
uterus
Chromosomal Sex•Determined at conception by chromosomal makeup of sperm - XX or XY
Hormonal Sex•Managed by the endocrine system: estrogen, testosterone
•For transsexual people, sex reassignment therapy (SRT) includes hormonal treatment
•Intersexuality - hormones could be scrambled
•Hormones also play a role in the formation of gender identity and sexual orientation, though this is still being researched
Gonadal Sex•Gonads are the reproductive organs - external and internal•Differentiation of gonads begins at 6 weeks after conception
Fetal Development of Genital Differentiation
The Intersex Spectrum• Individuals are not always just a matter of XX or
XY • In approximately one out of every 100 births,
seemingly tiny errors occur during the various stages of fetal sex differentiation
• This can cause a baby's body to develop abnormally
• Problems in the formation of chromosomes, gonads, or external genitals can lead to a range of intersex conditions
Disorders of sexual development
=intersex
ISNA• Intersexuality is basically a problem of
stigma and trauma, not gender. • Parents' distress must not be treated by
surgery on the child. • Professional mental health care is essential. • Honest, complete disclosure is good
medicine. • All children should be assigned as boy or girl,
without early surgery.